This study highlights the synthesis of innovative polyurethane materials derived from Moringa oleifera oils extracted from two distinct sources. The oils were converted into their respective polyols through the in situ generated performic acid method. Diverse material characteristics were observed due to different agroclimatic and cultivation conditions for the sources. Extraction yields were 45.21% (source 1) and 40.32% (source 2), with acid values of 28.70 and 26.00 mg KOH per g of oil, respectively. Oleic acid constituted 79.87 and 67.11% of the oils composition, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hydroxylation of the oils. FTIR also identified the isocyanate structures in the synthesized polyurethane materials. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a higher oligomer content in the polyol synthesized from the oil extracted from source 2. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability post-oil conversion, highlighting decomposition stages for rigid and flexible segments. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated higher unsaturation in the oil extracted from source 1, resulting in an elevated crystallization temperature. Tensile testing showed increased elasticity as the [NCO]/[OH] ratio decreased in the material, emphasizing the influence of polyol and crosslinking agent concentrations on mechanical resistance of polyurethane materials. sources method 4521 45 21 45.21 1 4032 40 32 40.32 2, 2 , 2) 2870 28 70 28.7 2600 26 00 26.0 respectively 7987 79 87 79.8 6711 67 11 67.11 composition (FTIR postoil post conversion segments temperature NCO/OH NCOOH NCO / OH [NCO]/[OH 452 4 45.2 403 3 40.3 287 7 28. 260 0 26. 798 8 79. 671 6 67.1 45. 40. 67.

Stemodin (1) is a diterpene produced by Stemodia maritima L. (Scrophulariaceae) and shows antiviral and tumor cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Chemical modifications of 1 were performed to produce the known stemodinone (2), two new stemodinone oximes, Z (3) and E (4), and seven new oxime esters derivatives (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). All derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in HL60 (promyelocytic leukemia), SNB-19 (astrocytoma), HCT-116 (colon carcinoma), and PC3 (prostate) human cancer cell lines, and L929 (healthy murine cells). Oximes 3 and 4 showed lower cytotoxic values than 1 against all cancer cell lines tested. However, esters 9 and 10 exhibited cell growth inhibition percentages higher than 1 against PC3, SNB-19, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, ranging from 62.96 to 94.27%. Many of these values exceed that presented by doxorubicin (66.05-86.87%). All compounds showed no cytotoxic effect on healthy cells at the tested concentration of 25 µg mL-1. (1 L Scrophulariaceae (Scrophulariaceae activities 2, 2 , (2) oximes (3 4, (4) 5, 5 (5 6 7 8 11. 11 . 11) HL HL6 promyelocytic leukemia, leukemia leukemia) SNB19 SNB 19 SNB-1 astrocytoma, astrocytoma (astrocytoma) HCT116 HCT 116 HCT-11 colon carcinoma, carcinoma carcinoma) PC prostate (prostate L92 cells. cells) However SNB19, 19, 6296 62 96 62.9 9427 94 27 94.27% 66.0586.87%. 66058687 66.05 86.87% 66 05 86 87 (66.05-86.87%) mL1. mL1 mL 1. mL-1 ( (2 (4 SNB1 SNB- (astrocytoma HCT11 HCT-1 L9 629 62. 942 94.27 0586 66.0586.87% 6605868 6605 66.0 8687 86.87 0 (66.05-86.87% mL- HCT1 HCT- 94.2 058 66.0586.87 660586 660 66. 868 86.8 (66.05-86.87 94. 66.0586.8 66058 86. (66.05-86.8 66.0586. (66.05-86. 66.0586 (66.05-86 66.058 (66.05-8 (66.05- (66.05 (66.0 (66. (66 (6

Abstract The jaboticaba tree (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) is a native Brazilian species, and its fruits are very popular in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to model the diameter growth, and determine the age of jaboticaba trees in four natural populations in Southwest of Paraná State, Brazil. The knowledge of the growth dynamics of this species is essential to assist management and conservation strategies and to discover when this species was established in the region. Core samples were collected to obtain complete growth series by measurement of annual growth rings. The series were crossdated, seven growth models were adjusted, and the best model for each site and a general model were selected using statistics rules. The time series spanned periods of ~75 to ~100 years, and growth ranged between 0.27 and 0.37 cm year-1. Chapman-Richards’ model showed better adherence for locations individually, and Monomolecular when grouped. Because to the age reached by the jaboticaba trees and the high density of this species in these natural populations, consequently named “jaboticabais”, it was inferred that there was an anthropogenic action in the dispersion and formation of the settlements through the indigenous and caboclos that inhabited the region before 1940. Also, this is the first work to register and verify the fusion of trunks for species of the Plinia genus using double piths found in samples, a feature that must be considered to avoid overestimating the age of jaboticaba trees based solely on measuring tree diameter. Poir. Poir (Poir. Govaerts Brazil State rings crossdated adjusted rules 75 ~7 100 ~10 years 027 0 27 0.2 037 37 0.3 year1. year1 year 1. 1 year-1 ChapmanRichards Chapman Richards Chapman-Richards individually grouped jaboticabais, jaboticabais , “jaboticabais” 1940 Also (Poir 7 ~ 10 ~1 02 2 0. 03 3 year- “jaboticabais 194 19

Resumo A jabuticabeira (Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts) é uma espécie nativa brasileira e seus frutos são muito populares no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi modelar o crescimento diamétrico e determinar a idade de jabuticabeiras em quatro populações naturais no Sudoeste do Paraná, Brasil. O conhecimento da dinâmica de crescimento desta espécie é essencial para auxiliar na definição de estratégias de manejo e conservação e descobrir quando esta espécie se estabeleceu na região. Amostras do tronco foram coletadas para obter séries completas de crescimento através da medição dos anéis de crescimento anuais. As séries foram cruzadas, sete modelos de crescimento foram ajustados e o melhor modelo para cada site e um modelo geral foram selecionados usando regras estatísticas. A série temporal abrangeu períodos de ~75 a ~100 anos, e o crescimento variou entre 0,27 e 0,37 cm ano-1. O modelo de Chapman-Richards apresentou melhor aderência para locais individualmente, e o modelo Monomolecular quando agrupados. Devido à idade atingida pelas jabuticabeiras e à alta densidade desta espécie nessas populações naturais, consequentemente denominadas “jaboticabais”, inferiu-se que houve uma ação antrópica na dispersão e formação destas populações através dos indígenas e caboclos que habitavam a região antes de 1940. Além disso, este é o primeiro trabalho a registrar a fusão de troncos de espécies do gênero Plinia, encontrando medulas duplas em amostras, característica que deve ser considerada para evitar superestimar a idade das jabuticabeiras com base apenas na medição do diâmetro da árvore. Plinia Poir. Poir (Poir. Govaerts Brasil Paraná anuais cruzadas estatísticas 75 ~7 100 ~10 anos 027 0 27 0,2 037 37 0,3 ano1. ano1 ano 1. 1 ano-1 ChapmanRichards Chapman Richards individualmente agrupados jaboticabais, jaboticabais , “jaboticabais” inferiuse inferiu 1940 disso amostras árvore (Poir 7 ~ 10 ~1 02 2 0, 03 3 ano- “jaboticabais 194 19

Guanine was investigated as a potential green corrosion inhibitor to API 5L X65 carbon steel in HCl 0.1 mol.dm-3 solution, at pH = 2.0, under hydrodynamic conditions using electrochemical, weight loss and Raman spectroscopy experiments. Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization curves suggested that Guanine does not change the metal/solution interface appreciably and weight loss tests confirmed the low inhibition efficiency (IE) of Guanine in protecting the X65 steel in this corrosive medium. An IE = 22% was determined after 48 h of exposure, a value lower than that reported in the literature on the mild steel/Guanine/HCl system. Raman spectroscopy was employed to gain insight on the nature of the steel/Guanine interaction and the results pointed out to a weak physisorption of the molecule, thus explaining the very low IE values obtained. L X X6 01 0 1 0. mol.dm3 moldm3 moldm mol.dm 3 mol dm mol.dm- solution 20 2 2.0 electrochemical experiments metalsolution metal (IE medium 22 4 exposure steelGuanineHCl system steelGuanine molecule obtained dm3 2.

Resumo No período entreguerras a intelectualidade negra da diáspora experimentou uma intensificação dos debates sobre a experiência soviética o anticolonialismo e os limites teóricos do marxismo. Claude McKay e W. E. B. Du Bois são dois representantes de um pensamento negro radical que se deslocou intensamente por meio dos continentes em prol da luta anticolonial e antirracista. Neste artigo são considerados alguns temas desse debate a fim de mapear o contexto do período entreguerras bem como analisar as experiências da diáspora negra na União Soviética pós-Revolução de 1917 na busca por ampliação das estratégias anticoloniais e antirracistas.

Abstract In the interwar period the black intelligentsia of the diaspora experienced an intensification of debates on the Soviet experience anti-colonialism and the theoretical limits of Marxism. Claude McKay and W.E.B. Du Bois are two representatives of a radical black thought that moved intensely across continents in search of the anti-colonial and anti-racist struggle. In this article some themes of this debate will be considered in order to map the linguistic context of the interwar period as well as analyze the experiences of the black diaspora in the post-Revolutionary Soviet Union in the expansion of anti-colonial and anti-racist strategies.

Resumen En el período de entreguerras la intelectualidad negra de la diáspora experimentó una intensificación de los debates sobre la experiencia soviética el anticolonialismo y los límites teóricos del marxismo. Claude McKay y W.E.B. Du Bois son dos representantes de un pensamiento negro radical que se movió intensamente por continentes en busca de la lucha anticolonial y antirracista. En este artículo se considerarán algunos temas de este debate con el fin de mapear el contexto lingüístico del período de entreguerras así como analizar las experiencias de la diáspora negra en la Unión Soviética posrevolucionaria en la expansión de los discursos anticoloniales y estrategias antirracistas.

The antifungal potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by actinobacterial strains Streptomyces sp. (ACTB-77) and Amycolatopsis sp. (ACTB-290) from the rhizosphere of Caatinga plants against Colletotrichum musae was investigated. VOCs produced by these microorganisms (axenic and co-culture) were investigated using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Although no exclusive VOC peaks were observed in the co-culture with ACTB-77, the same experiment involving ACTB-290 yielded five new peaks, including two identified alcohols, suggested as bioreductive products of the corresponding ketones by the fungus. Statistical analysis revealed that co-culture ACTB-77/C. musae has a closer similarity to the fungus than to the actinobacteria, while the co culture ACTB-290/C. musae showed closer similarity to the actinobacteria. These confirmed the more pronounced antifungal activity of the ACTB-290 strain, as observed in the fungus growth inhibition experiments. The antifungal activity of ACTB-290 was associated to its sulfur-containing metabolites, while linalool was suggested as responsible for the ACTB-77 activity.

Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

Resumo O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é um peixe de importância na aquicultura brasileira, especialmente na região amazônica. O arroz silvestre é comum nas planícies inundadas dos rios de aguas barrentas da Amazônia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos combinados do treinamento físico e dos níveis dietéticos de Oryza spp. nos parâmetros hematológicos, consumo de alimentos, eficiência de conversão, taxa de crescimento e desempenho de natação deste peixe. Dietas contendo 45% de arroz apresentaram o melhor desempenho para tambaquis. As dietas contendo 15% e 30% não afetaram esses índices, indicando que alguma quantidade de arroz pode ser usada como fonte de energia alternativa para esta importante espécie dentro da aquicultura.

Abstract The tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a fish of primary importance in South American aquaculture, principally in the Amazon region and has a particularly unique diet in the wild. Oryza spp, or Wild rice as it is commonly known, is native to the floodplains of muddy rivers in the Amazon region. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical performance and the effects of dietary levels of Oryza spp. via the hematological parameters, total food intake, conversion efficiency, growth ratio and swimming performance of this fish. Diets containing 45% Oryza spp. induced the best performance in tambaqui. Diets containing 15% and 30% did not affect these indices, thus indicating that this amount of Oryza can be used as an alternative energy source for this important species within Brazilian aquaculture.

Abstract Introduction: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort including patients undergoing mitral valve repair for degenerative MR from 2000 to 2018. The main techniques were Wooler annuloplasty and quadrangular resection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included (median age: 64.0 years). In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Maximum follow-up was 19.6 years, with a median of 4.7 years (992 patient-years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 91.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.7-96.3), 87.6% (95% CI: 80.7-94.5), and 78.1% (95% CI: 65.9-90.3), respectively. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II was an independent predictor of late death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.016). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years was 88.1% (95% CI: 82.0-94.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 74.6-90.2), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.1-87.3), respectively. Left atrial diameter > 56 mm was associated with late reintervention in univariate analysis (HR 1.06; P=0.049). Conclusion: Degenerative MR can be successfully treated with repair techniques without annular support, thus avoiding the technical and logistical drawbacks of ring/band implantation while maintaining good long-term results. EuroSCORE II was a risk factor for late death, and larger left atrium was associated with late reoperation. Introduction ringband ring band rings centers longterm long term (MR Methods 200 2018 resection KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier Results fiftyeight fifty eight age 640 64 0 64. years. . years) Inhospital In hospital 25 2 5 2.5% followup follow up 196 19 6 19. 47 4 7 4. 992 (99 patientyears. patientyears patient patient-years) 10 1 910 91 91.0 95% 95 (95 CI [CI] 85.796.3, 857963 85.7 96.3 , 85 96 3 85.7-96.3) 876 87 87.6 80.794.5, 807945 80.7 94.5 80 94 80.7-94.5) 781 78 78.1 65.990.3, 659903 65.9 90.3 65 9 90 65.9-90.3) respectively (EuroSCORE hazard HR [HR 1.42 142 42 P=0.016. P0016 P P=0.016 016 P=0.016) 881 88 88.1 82.094.2, 820942 82.0 94.2 82 82.0-94.2) 824 82.4 74.690.2, 746902 74.6 90.2 74 74.6-90.2) 757 75 75.7 64.187.3, 641873 64.1 87.3 64.1-87.3) 1.06 106 06 P=0.049. P0049 P=0.049 049 P=0.049) Conclusion results 20 201 2.5 99 (9 patient-years 91. [CI 796 85.796.3 85796 857 85. 963 96. 8 85.7-96.3 87. 794 80.794.5 80794 807 80. 945 94. 80.7-94.5 78. 990 65.990.3 65990 659 65. 903 90. 65.9-90.3 1.4 14 P001 P=0.01 01 88. 094 82.094.2 82094 820 82. 942 82.0-94.2 690 74.690.2 74690 746 74. 902 74.6-90.2 75. 187 64.187.3 64187 641 873 64.1-87.3 1.0 P004 P=0.04 04 2. ( 79 85.796. 8579 85.7-96. 80.794. 8079 80.7-94. 65.990. 6599 65.9-90. 1. P00 P=0.0 09 82.094. 8209 82.0-94. 69 74.690. 7469 74.6-90. 18 64.187. 6418 64.1-87. 85.796 85.7-96 80.794 80.7-94 65.990 65.9-90 P0 P=0. 82.094 82.0-94 74.690 74.6-90 64.187 64.1-87 85.79 85.7-9 80.79 80.7-9 65.99 65.9-9 P=0 82.09 82.0-9 74.69 74.6-9 64.18 64.1-8 85.7- 80.7- 65.9- P= 82.0- 74.6- 64.1-

Resumo Os recifes de coral abrigam uma das maiores biodiversidades de peixes do planeta; no entanto, as informações sobre peixes de recife ainda estão ausentes em muitas regiões. Analisamos a riqueza, distribuição e a conservação de peixes recifais na maior Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) costeira de uso múltiplo do Brasil; área que possui grande extensão de recifes de corais no SWA. Um total de 325 espécies de peixes foram listadas para APA Costa dos Corais, incluindo Chondrichthyes (28 espécies) e Actinopterygii (297). As espécies de peixes foram representadas por 81 famílias e as famílias mais representativas foram Carangidae (23 espécies), Labridae (21) e Gobiidae (15). A riqueza de peixes da APA representou 44% de todas as espécies de peixes registradas no Oceano Atlântico Sudoeste (SWA), destacando a importância em grande escala desta APA. Um total de 40 espécies (12%) estão registradas como Quase Ameaçada (NT), Vulnerável (VU), Em Perigo (EN) ou Criticamente Em Perigo (CR). Este estudo reforça a importância da APA Costa dos Corais na biodiversidade e conservação dos peixes recifais e enfatiza a necessidade urgente de estratégias de conservação.

Abstract Coral reefs harbor one of the largest fish biodiversity on earth; yet information on reef fishes is still absent for many regions. We analyzed reef fish richness, distribution, and conservation on the largest Brazilian multiple use coastal MPA; which cover a large extent of coral reefs at the SWA. A total of 325 fish species have been listed for MPA Costa dos Corais, including Chondrichthyes (28 species) and Actinopterygii (297). Fish species were represented by 81 families and the most representative families were Carangidae (23 species), Labridae (21) and Gobiidae (15). The MPA fish richness represented 44% of all recorded fish species of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) highlighting the large-scale importance of this MPA. A total of 40 species (12%) are registered at Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR). This study reinforces the importance of MPA Costa dos Corais on reef fish biodiversity and conservation and emphasize the urgent need of conservation strategies.

Biodiesel made from oils is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids methyl esters, and, consequently, presents high tendency to oxidize. Biodiesel made from fats, on the other hand, is mainly comprised by saturated chains. Although it is highly stable, they easily crystalize at low temperatures. Blends from both can exhibit optimized properties. In this work, oxidative stability, expressed by induction period (IP), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of blends from palm, palm kernel, babassu, tallow or lard biodiesels with soy one were measured. Biodiesel samples were prepared by two steps transesterification methodology with KOH catalysis followed by H2SO4. IP increases, as the fat biodiesel content in the blend is higher, as expected. Blends comprised by 60% of fat biodiesel by volume had their IP increased from 1.5 (lard) to 2 times (palm kernel), compared to soy one. At this level, IP was found 8 h or higher, except for palm, which 80% was required. CFPP was observed at 8 °C or lower for the blends containing up to 60% of all the fat biodiesel, except for the palm one, which a 20% content must not be surpassed. Palm kernel 80% biodiesel blend reached the Brazilian specification, that is, IP higher than 12 h and CFPP lower than 5 °C.

RESUMO O comportamento biológico dos tumores varia de acordo com a espécie animal, a localização na cavidade, a fase clínica e a natureza histopatológica. As neoplasias orais são geralmente incomuns em animais de companhia. Os rabdomiossarcomas são formações malignas, sólidas e agressivas, com alto potencial metastático. Os sinais clínicos são variáveis e o diagnóstico definitivo só pode ser alcançado por meio da análise histopatológica do material colhido. Em alguns casos, o estudo imuno-histoquímico pode ser necessário para confirmar o diagnóstico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar pontos importantes sobre essa condição incomum em cães, utilizando um relato de caso de rabdomiossarcoma lingual, no qual não se evidenciaram metástases após o diagnóstico, nem recorrência local após a excisão cirúrgica com ampla margem de segurança. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico precoce, a correta interpretação dos exames complementares e a abordagem terapêutica adequada contribuíram para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida do paciente em questão.

ABSTRACT The biological behaviour of the tumours vary according to the species in which they occur, its location within the cavity, clinical stage and histopathological nature. Lingual neoplasms are generally uncommon in companion animals. Rhabdomyosarcomas are malignant, solid, aggressive formations with high metastatic potential. The clinical signs are variable and a definitive diagnosis can only be reached through histopathological analysis of biopsy and necropsy specimen. In some cases, immunohistochemical study may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. This paper aims to highlight important points about this uncommon condition in dogs, using a case report of lingual rhabdomyosarcoma, which showed no evidence of metastasis after diagnosis, nor of local recurrence after surgical excision with a wide safety margin. It was concluded that early diagnosis, the correct interpretation of the complementary tests and the appropriate therapeutic approach contributed to improving the quality of life and survival of the patient in question.

There is no definite recommendation for testing platelet aggregation (PA) in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) due to inconclusive evidence on the usefulness of platelet function tests to guide therapy and improve clinical outcomes. The evaluation of PA with multiple electrode impedance platelet aggregometry (MEA) may be useful to manage antiplatelet therapy and possibly influence patient outcome. The primary aim of this study was to measure PA with MEA in Brazilian patients with ACS and evaluate the association between PA and adverse clinical outcomes. Forty-seven consecutive patients admitted with ACS to a Brazilian tertiary-care public hospital were studied and PA was evaluated using MEA. Patients were followed for six months for the occurrence of all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke. Suboptimal inhibition of PA was found in 7 patients (14.9%); 5 (10.6%) in response to ASA (acetylsalicylic acid), 2 (5.0%) to clopidogrel, and none to ticagrelor. Inadequate PA inhibition in response to ASA was significantly associated with the composite end point, but there was no significant association for insufficient PA inhibition in response to clopidogrel. This study suggested that the evaluation of PA in ACS using MEA may identify non-responders to ASA. Larger studies are necessary to define, in a public health scenario, the value of MEA in the management of ACS.

RESUMO Foi realizado um levantamento florístico de Epithemia (Bacillariophyceae) na área do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brasil, com o objetivo de conhecer a diversidade taxonômica e a variabilidade morfológica do gênero. Ao total, 31 lâminas de diatomáceas foram examinadas das quais cinco foram usadas no presente estudo. Cinco espécies foram identificadas: E. proboscidea Kützing, E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. gibberula (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov e Epithemia sp., com dominância de espécies perifíticas. Um táxon foi registrado pela primeira vez para o Brasil (E. proboscidea Kützing) e dois táxons para a área do PEFI (E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing e E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov).

ABSTRACT A survey of Epithemia (Bacillariophyceae) was carried out in the Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, SP, Brazil, in order to know the taxonomic diversity and the morphological variability of the genus. A total of 31 diatoms slides were analyzed of which five were used in this study. Five species were identified: E. proboscidea Kützing, E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. gibberula (Ehrenberg) Kützing, E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov and Epithemia sp., with the dominance of periphytic species. One taxon was recorded for the first time in Brazil (E. proboscidea Kützing) and two taxa in the PEFI area (E. gibba (Ehrenberg) Kützing and E. operculata (C. Agardh) Ruck & Nakov).