ABSTRACT The evaluation of segregating populations in plant breeding programs is an onerous and time-consuming process. Early identification of populations with genetic potential can be done by m + a methodology. However, the possibility of a modification in the traditional methodology in order to make it more efficient, that is, faster and cheaper, was envisaged. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the genetic gains obtained by both methodologies, the traditional one and the proposed modification. For this, ten segregating bean-cowpea populations were evaluated at two distinct levels of homozygous F3:4 and F3:5. Genetic values were predicted by two different statistical genetic models. This was possible due to the methodology proposed here to present a much shorter execution time than the traditional methodology. Thus, with a shorter evaluation time, the breeding program manager can plan the evaluation of a larger number of populations in a short time.

RESUMO Genótipos podem responder aos ambientes de forma diferente; por isso, o estudo de adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva é importante para auxiliar melhorista na identificação e recomendação de cultivares. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi inferir acerca da adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi visando subsidiar a recomendação de cultivares para a produção de grãos verdes no estado do Ceará. Para isto, foram conduzidos cinco ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU) em localidades distintas pertencentes à duas regiões climáticas do estado do Ceará: Tropical quente semiárido brando (Acaraú, Pentecoste e Crato) e Tropical quente semiárido (Mauriti e Madalena). Foram avaliados 20 genótipos de feijão- caupi, sendo 12 linhagens elite e oito cultivares, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas análises de variância e em seguida análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade da produtividade de grãos verdes por meio da técnica multivariada GGE biplot. Os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e interação G×E foram significativos, evidenciando respostas diferenciadas dos genótipos nas diferentes localidades. No aprofundamento das análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade, os resultados do método GGE biplot revelaram que os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 72,17% da variação total, permitindo projeções bidimensionais fidedignas. A cidade de Crato foi indicada como local ideal para teste e as linhagens MNC05-847B-123 e MNC00-595F-27 se mostraram produtivas, adaptadas e estáveis, devendo serem recomendadas para produção de grãos verdes no estado do Ceará.

ABSTRACT Genotypes can respond differently to environments; thus, studies on adaptability and production stability are important to assist breeders in the identification and recommendation of cultivars. The objective of this work was to determine the adaptability and production stability of cowpea genotypes focused on subsidize recommendations of cultivars for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Five assays were conducted in different locations in two climatic regions of the state of Ceará: a tropical mild hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Acaraú, Pentecoste, and Crato, and a tropical hot semiarid region encompassing the municipalities of Mauriti and Madalena. Twenty cowpea genotypes-12 elite lines and 8 cultivars-were evaluated for cultivation value and use, using a randomized block design, with four replications. The results were subjected to analyses of variance and adaptability and green grain yield stability analyses by GGE biplot multivariate analysis. The effects of genotypes, environments, and G×E were significant, denoting different responses of genotypes in different locations. The results of the adaptability and stability analyses by the GGE biplot method showed that the two principal components explained 72.17% of the total variation, allowing reliable bidimensional projections. The municipality of Crato was the ideal location for tests and the lines MNC05-847B-123 and MNC00-595F-27 showed good production, adaptation, and stability, and can be recommended for green grain production in the state of Ceará, Brazil.

Abstract The Saanen goat breed has been widely explored in breeding programmes; however, there are few reports about the breed’s genetic and molecular composition. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the proteomic profile of spermatozoa from Saanen breeding goats. Five breeding animals with proven fertility were selected, the spermatozoa were collected, and the protein was extracted. Subsequently, the proteins were separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the proteins were then identified with the SwissProt database. A total of 31 proteins involved in reproduction were identified, including binding proteins on spermatozoa for fusion with the egg, acrosomal membrane proteins, metabolic enzymes, heat shock proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and spermatozoa motility proteins. The characterization of such proteins clarifies the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis and the modifications that ensure the success of fertilization.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com esse estudo caracterizar acessos de amendoim da coleção de germoplasma do CCA/UFC e verificar concordância entre os grupos botânicos preexistentes com as estimativas de diversidade genética. Para isso, foi conduzido um ensaio com 43 acessos de amendoim no delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Para caracterização dos acessos foram utilizados 21 descritores morfoagronômicos, os quais revelaram grande variação genética. O caráter massa de cem grãos se mostrou o principal fator discriminante, com porcentagem relativa de discriminação de 22,1%. Pelo agrupamento obtido com o método de ligação completa, foi possível visualizar no dendrograma a formação de sete grupos com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis. Pela análise dos componentes principais também foi constatada grande diversidade fenotípica entre os acessos da coleção. Os três primeiros componentes explicaram 81% da variação total. Posteriormente, foi construído um gráfico tridimensional para visualização da dispersão dos acessos, na qual se verificou a formação de oito grupos. Constatou-se concordância de média magnitude entre os grupos botânicos e diversidade genética, tanto pela classificação observada no dendrograma quanto pela dispersão gráfica, comprovando a dissimilaridade entre acessos de grupos botânicos distintos. Assim, cruzamentos entre acessos do grupo botânico Spanish ou Valência com aqueles pertencentes ao Virginia devem gerar populações-base com elevado potencial genético.

ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to characterize peanut accessions of germplasm collection of the CCA/UFC and check consistency between the pre-existing botanical groups to estimates of genetic diversity. For this were conducted a trial with 43 accessions of peanut in a randomized block design with three replications. To characterization were used 21 morphological descriptors, where revealed large genetic variation. The mass hundred grains trait showed the main discriminating factors, with relative percentage of 22.1%. The cluster obtained with the linkage complete method, it was possible to view the dendrogram the formation of seven groups based on the Mahalanobis distance. By principal components analysis was identified phenotypic diversity among genotypes. The first three components explained 81% of the total variation. Subsequently, built a three-dimensional scatter chart for access of visualization, eight groups being formed. There was medium magnitude of agreement between the botanical groups and genetic diversity, both by the dendrogram and graphic dispersion proving the dissimilarity between genotypes of different botanic groups. Therefore, crossings between group access botanical Spanish or Valencia with those belonging to the Virginia group should generate segregating populations with high genetic potential.

RESUMO A precocidade é importante para o feijão-caupi por representar a possibilidade de aumentar e/ou estabilizar a produção em regiões com longos períodos de estiagem. Objetivou- se avaliar a variabilidade genética e selecionar progênies de feijão-caupi extraprecoces. Foram avaliadas 15 progênies F3:6 em 2014 e 62 progênies F7 em 2015, juntamente com duas cultivares comerciais em experimentos conduzidos no perímetro irrigado Baixo Acaraú, localizado no município de Marco, CE. Foram avaliados os caracteres: número de dias para o florescimento (NDF), número de dias para a maturação (NDM), altura de planta (ALT), comprimento de vagem (CPV), número de grãos por vagem (NGV), número de grãos por planta (NGP), massa de 100 grãos (M100G) e massa total (MTOT). Os dados foram analisados em DBIL e DBC, segundo a metodologia de modelos mistos, via procedimento REML/BLUP. Foram estimados os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos. Identificou-se variabilidade entre as progênies, alta herdabilidade e elevada acurácia em todos os caracteres avaliados. As progênies apresentaram comportamento superior às testemunhas para NDF e NDM. O arranjo em látice apresentou maior eficiência que o DBC, pelo maior ganho obtido com a seleção nos caracteres NDF, NDM, ALT, NGV, NGP e MTOT. Os genótipos 12, 15, 30, 33, 41, 43 e 52 encontram-se entre os dez superiores, por apresentarem valores genéticos elevados em três ou mais caracteres. Os genótipos 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 e 52 destacam-se como os mais precoces.

ABSTRACT The precocity of cowpea is important because it indicates the possibility of increasing and/or stabilizing production in regions with long periods of drought. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variability and select extra-early cowpea progenies. Fifteen F3:6 progenies were evaluated in 2014 while sixty-two F7 progenies were evaluated in 2015. Two commercial cultivars were used in experiments performed in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, CE. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDF), number of days for maturity (NDM), plant height (PH), pod length (PL), number of seeds per pod (NSP), number of grains per plant (NGP), weight of 100 grains (W100G) and total weight (MTOT). Data were analyzed in lattice and RBD, according to the methodology of mixed models by the REML/BLUP procedure. Also, the components of variance and genetic values were estimated. Variability among progenies, high heritability and high accuracy were identified for all traits. For NDF and NDM, the progenies presented higher behavior than the controls. The lattice arrangement contributed to a greater gain with the selection of NDF, NDM, PH, NSP, NGP and WTOT. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 41, 43 and 52 are among the top ten because they have high genetic values in three or more traits. The genotypes 12, 15, 30, 33, 43 and 52 highlight extra-earliness (precocity).

INTRODUCTION: Low-intensity laser (LILT) and LED therapy are indicated in repairing surgical incisions, which occur in cardiac surgery. One major concern in this case is the presence of metallic wire used for sternal sutures, its temperature may rise while using a laser or LED. This study aimed to analyze the tensiometric properties of the skin tissue with longitudinal incision and metallic wire implant used for sternal suture irradiated with LILT and LED. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects (Rattus norvegicus) were submitted to thoracic incision with implantation of metallic wire, and subsequently divided into five groups: GI (control group); GII (laser group 6J/cm²); GIII (laser group 10J/cm²); GIV (LED group 6 J/cm²); and GV (LED 10J/cm²). Photobiomodulation was performed on a daily basis for eight consecutive days and the local temperature was measured before and after phototherapy. After euthanasia the tissues were subjected to tensiometric and histological analysis. RESULTS: All irradiated groups showed increase in break strength (p = 0.009), and decrease in tissue deformation strength compared with the control group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Both LILT and LED can promote wound healing at the tested doses with increased tissue resistance, although its elasticity is reduced. The imprecision of the assessing instruments precluded an accurate measurement of a possible local tissue heating post irradiation and future studies are need to elucidate this effect.

The biological activity of seven extracts from leaves of different Jatropha curcas L (Euphorbiaceae) accessions was evaluated on Spodoptera frugiperda. Methanol extracts were incorporated into an artificial diet and offered to the larval stage of S. frugiperda. The parameters evaluated were length of larval and pupal stages, mortality of larval and total cycle stage, and weight of pupae. The extracts of the EMB accessions showed the best result for larval mortality at 60.00 and 56.67%, compared with the control, respectively. Hexane partition of the methanol extract of the leaves of PM-14 accessions allowed the identification of phytosterols, phytol and n-alkanols.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) caracteriza-se pelo depósito de placa aterosclerótica na parede arterial coronária. Sua manifestação é dependente da interação entre fatores de risco ambientais e genéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a freqüência do polimorfismo MTHFR/C677T em pacientes com doença arterial coronária e sua associação com o nível de Hcy plasmática. Fatores de risco para DAC também foram avaliados. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Retrospectivo com análise cega quantitativa, no Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 127 indivíduos. Todos responderam a um questionário para análise dos fatores de risco para DAC. O polimorfismo MTHFR/C677T, investigado por análise de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição, foi correlacionado com número de artérias afetadas e grau de obstrução arterial, determinadas pela cinangiocoronariografia, e com o nível de Hcy plasmática. RESULTADOS: Tabagismo (p = 0,02) and HDLc (p = 0,01) foram associados com DAC. O alelo C foi o mais prevalente em pacientes (0,61) e controles (0,66; p = 0,49). O polimorfismo MTHFR/C677T não apresentou associação com níveis de Hcy plasmática. Entretanto, nos pacientes com genótipo TT observou-se a prevalência de obstrução coronariana acima de 95% (p = 0,02) e a presença de duas artérias lesadas (p = 0,04). CONCLUSÕES: Associou-se o genótipo TT com o grau de obstrução arterial coronária acima de 95% e a presença de duas artérias lesadas; confirma-se, assim, a relação de variantes genéticas em subgrupos específicos de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by the deposition of atherosclerotic plaque on the coronary artery wall. Its manifestations depend on interactions between environmental and genetic risk factors. The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism in patients with CAD and its association with plasma homocysteine levels. Risk factors for CAD were also evaluated. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective with blind quantitative analysis, at Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-seven individuals were studied. All completed a questionnaire to analyze risk factors for CAD. MTHFR polymorphism was investigated by restriction fragment length analysis and correlated with the number of affected arteries and degree of arterial obstruction determined by coronary cineangiography, and with plasma homocysteine levels measured by liquid chromatography/sequential mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Smoking (p = 0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01) were associated with CAD. The C allele was the most prevalent in patients (0.61) and controls (0.66). There was no correlation between MTHFR/C677T polymorphism and plasma homocysteine levels. However, in patients with the TT genotype there was a correlation with the prevalence of coronary obstruction greater than 95% (p = 0.02) and the presence of two affected arteries (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The TT genotype is associated with coronary artery obstruction greater than 95% and the presence of two affected arteries. This confirms the relationship between genetic variants in specific patient subgroups and cardiovascular diseases.