RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à realização da consulta de enfermagem admissional específica para o SARS-CoV-2 em indivíduos privados de liberdade com COVID-19 em unidades prisionais do Brasil Central. Método: Estudo transversal analítico conduzido entre maio a setembro de 2020 por meio de entrevistas individuais e testes de imunocromatografia de fluxo lateral para detecção de anticorpos IgM/IgG para SARS-CoV-2. A análise foi realizada por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer, sendo considerado desfecho a consulta de enfermagem admissional específica para oSARS-CoV-2. Resultados: Entre os 1.272 investigados, 21,3%; (IC 95%: 19,1-23,6) testaram reagentes para anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2. Destes, 10,3% (IC 95%: 7,0-14,6) realizaram a consulta de enfermagem específica para SARS-CoV-2. Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram diminuição do paladar (33,2%) e do olfato (32,8%), dores no corpo (28,8%) e febre (28,4%).A análise apontou associações entre contato com caso sintomático para COVID-19 (p=0,039), contato no pátio com preso com COVID-19 (p=0,012) e dor de garganta (p=0,010), com o desfecho. Conclusões: A baixa prevalência de consulta de enfermagem específica para o SARS-CoV-2 e a alta prevalência de COVID-19 reforçam a necessidade de implementação obrigatória dessa estratégia em grupos que vivem em ambientes fechados. Ademais, a consulta de enfermagem baseada no processo de enfermagem deve ser adotada como medida de saúde pública. RESUMO Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Central Método 202 IgMIgG IgM IgG SARSCoV2. 2. Quiquadrado Qui quadrado Fischer oSARSCoV2. oSARSCoV2 oSARSCoV oSARS oSARS-CoV-2 Resultados 1272 1 272 1.27 investigados 21,3% 213 21 3 IC 95% 95 19,123,6 191236 19,1 23,6 23 6 19,1-23,6 Destes 103 10 10,3 7,014,6 70146 7,0 14,6 7 0 14 7,0-14,6 33,2% 332 33 (33,2% 32,8%, 328 32,8% , 32 8 (32,8%) 28,8% 288 28 (28,8% 28,4%.A 284A 28,4% .A 4 p=0,039, p0039 p p=0,039 039 (p=0,039) p=0,012 p0012 012 (p=0,012 p=0,010, p0010 p=0,010 010 (p=0,010) Conclusões fechados Ademais pública SARS-CoV COVID1 COVID- 20 oSARS-CoV- 127 27 1.2 21,3 9 123 19,123, 19123 191 19, 236 23, 19,1-23, 10, 014 7,014, 7014 70 7, 146 14, 7,0-14, 33,2 (33,2 32,8 (32,8% 28,8 (28,8 284 28,4 p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,039 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 (p=0,010 oSARS-CoV 12 1. 21, 19,123 1912 19,1-23 7,014 701 7,0-14 33, (33, 32, (32,8 28, (28, p00 p=0,0 (p=0,03 (p=0,0 19,12 19,1-2 7,01 7,0-1 (33 (32, (28 p0 p=0, (p=0, 19,1- 7,0- (3 (32 (2 p=0 (p=0 ( p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the performance of specific admission nursing consultations for SARS-CoV-2 in individuals deprived of liberty with COVID-19 in prison units in Central Brazil. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted between May and September 2020 through individual interviews and lateral flow immunochromatography tests to detect IgM/IgG antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. The analysis was performed using the Chi-square or Fischer’s exact tests, with the outcome being the specific admission nursing consultation for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Among the 1,272 individuals investigated, 21.3% (95% CI: 19.1-23.6) tested positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Of these, 10.3% (95% CI: 7.0-14.6) underwent a specific nursing consultation for SARS-CoV-2. The most prevalent signs and symptoms were loss of taste (33.2%) and smell (32.8%), body aches (28.8%), and fever (28.4%). The analysis indicated associations between contact with symptomatic COVID-19 case (p=0.039), contact in the yard with a prisoner with COVID-19 (p=0.012), and sore throat (p=0.010), with the outcome. Conclusions: The low prevalence of specific nursing consultations for SARS-CoV-2 and the high prevalence of COVID-19 reinforce the need for mandatory implementation of this strategy in groups living in closed environments. Furthermore, nursing consultations based on the nursing process must be adopted as a public health measure. ABSTRACT Objective SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil Method crosssectional cross sectional 202 IgMIgG IgM IgG SARSCoV2. 2. Chisquare Chi square Fischers Fischer s Results 1272 1 272 1,27 investigated 213 21 3 21.3 95% 95 (95 CI 19.123.6 191236 19.1 23.6 23 6 19.1-23.6 these 103 10 10.3 7.014.6 70146 7.0 14.6 7 0 14 7.0-14.6 33.2% 332 33 (33.2% 32.8%, 328 32.8% , 32 8 (32.8%) 28.8%, 288 28.8% 28 (28.8%) 28.4%. 284 28.4% . 4 (28.4%) p=0.039, p0039 p p=0.039 039 (p=0.039) p=0.012, p0012 p=0.012 012 (p=0.012) p=0.010, p0010 p=0.010 010 (p=0.010) Conclusions environments Furthermore measure SARS-CoV COVID1 COVID- 20 127 27 1,2 21. 9 (9 123 19.123. 19123 191 19. 236 23. 19.1-23. 10. 014 7.014. 7014 70 7. 146 14. 7.0-14. 33.2 (33.2 32.8 (32.8% 28.8 (28.8% 28.4 (28.4% p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.039 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.012 (p=0.010 12 1, ( 19.123 1912 19.1-23 7.014 701 7.0-14 33. (33. 32. (32.8 28. (28.8 (28.4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.03 (p=0.01 19.12 19.1-2 7.01 7.0-1 (33 (32. (28. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 19.1- 7.0- (3 (32 (28 p=0 (p=0. (2 p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la realización de una consulta de enfermería de ingreso específica para SARS-CoV-2 en personas privadas de libertad con COVID-19 en unidades penitenciarias del Centro de Brasil. Método: Estudio analítico transversal realizado entre mayo y septiembre de 2020 mediante entrevistas individuales y pruebas de inmunocromatografía de flujo lateral para detección de anticuerpos IgM/IgG contra SARS-CoV-2. El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fischer, considerando como resultado la consulta de enfermería específica de ingreso por SARS-CoV-2. Resultados: Entre los 1.272 investigados, el 21,3%; (IC del 95%: 19,1-23,6) probaron reactivos para detectar anticuerpos contra el SARS-CoV-2. De ellos, el 10,3% (IC 95%: 7,0-14,6) realizó alguna consulta de enfermería específica por SARS-CoV-2. Los signos y síntomas más prevalentes fueron disminución del gusto (33,2%) y del olfato (32,8%), dolores corporales (28,8%) y fiebre (28,4%). El análisis mostró asociaciones entre el contacto con un caso sintomático de COVID-19 (p=0,039), el contacto en el patio con un preso con COVID-19 (p=0,012) y el dolor de garganta (p=0,010) con el desenlace. Conclusiones: La baja prevalencia de consultas específicas de enfermería por SARS-CoV-2 y la alta prevalencia de COVID-19 refuerzan la necesidad de la implementación obligatoria de esta estrategia en grupos que viven en ambientes cerrados. Además, se debe adoptar como medida de salud pública la consulta de enfermería basada en el proceso de enfermería. RESUMEN Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil Método 202 IgMIgG IgM IgG SARSCoV2. 2. Chicuadrado Chi cuadrado Fischer Resultados 1272 1 272 1.27 investigados 21,3% 213 21 3 IC 95% 95 19,123,6 191236 19,1 23,6 23 6 19,1-23,6 ellos 103 10 10,3 7,014,6 70146 7,0 14,6 7 0 14 7,0-14,6 33,2% 332 33 (33,2% 32,8%, 328 32,8% , 32 8 (32,8%) 28,8% 288 28 (28,8% 28,4%. 284 28,4% . 4 (28,4%) p=0,039, p0039 p p=0,039 039 (p=0,039) p=0,012 p0012 012 (p=0,012 p=0,010 p0010 010 (p=0,010 desenlace Conclusiones cerrados Además SARS-CoV COVID1 COVID- 20 127 27 1.2 21,3 9 123 19,123, 19123 191 19, 236 23, 19,1-23, 10, 014 7,014, 7014 70 7, 146 14, 7,0-14, 33,2 (33,2 32,8 (32,8% 28,8 (28,8 28,4 (28,4% p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,039 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 12 1. 21, 19,123 1912 19,1-23 7,014 701 7,0-14 33, (33, 32, (32,8 28, (28, (28,4 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,03 (p=0,0 19,12 19,1-2 7,01 7,0-1 (33 (32, (28 p0 p=0, (p=0, 19,1- 7,0- (3 (32 (2 p=0 (p=0 ( p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Infection control measures have been responsible for a decline in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in hemodialysis patients. In Brazil, these measures have been in place since 1996. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current HBV and HCV epidemiology among hemodialysis patients in the State of Tocantins comparing them with those found 14 years ago. There was a significant decline in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV prevalence from 4% and 13% in 2001 to 0.8% and 2.8% in 2014-2015, respectively (p < 0.05). Variables related to hemodialysis environment such as working shift and length of time on hemodialysis treatment were no longer associated to HCV and HBV exposure in 2014-2015. A high prevalence of self-reported hepatitis B vaccination was observed in both periods, but only 30% of the individuals showed serological profile of effective previous immunization, suggesting a low compliance with surveillance of hepatitis B immunization in hemodialysis centers. The significant decline in viral hepatitis B and C prevalence in hemodialysis patients in Tocantins underscores the importance of infection control measures, but the low frequency of protective serological profile after immunization against hepatitis B points to the need for greater vigilance of the patients’ vaccination.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus and C virus infections and their genotypes and analyze the risk factors for the markers of exposure to hepatitis B virus in female sex workers in a region of intense sex trade. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study performed with four hundred and two female sex workers in Goiânia, Brazil. Data have been collected using the Respondent-Driven Sampling. The women have been interviewed and tested for markers of hepatitis B and C viruses. Positive samples have been genotyped. The data have been analyzed using the Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool, version 5.3, and Stata 11.0. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence for hepatitis B virus and C virus were 17.1% (95%CI 11.6–23.4) and 0.7% (95%CI 0.1–1.5), respectively. Only 28% (95%CI 21.1–36.4) of the participants had serological evidence of vaccination against hepatitis B virus. Being older (> 40 years), being single, having a history of blood transfusion and use of cocaine, and ignoring the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections were associated with positivity for hepatitis B virus (p < 0.05). We have detected the subgenotype A1 of hepatitis B virus (n = 3) and the subtypes of hepatitis C virus 1a (n = 3) and 1b (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS We can observe a low prevalence of infection of hepatitis B and C viruses in the studied population. However, the findings of the analysis of the risk factors show the need for more investment in prevention programs for sexual and drug-related behavior, as well as more efforts to vaccinate this population against hepatitis B. The genotypes of the hepatitis B virus and C virus identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus and C virus infections and their genotypes and analyze the risk factors for the markers of exposure to hepatitis B virus in female sex workers in a region of intense sex trade. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study performed with four hundred and two female sex workers in Goiânia, Brazil. Data have been collected using the Respondent-Driven Sampling. The women have been interviewed and tested for markers of hepatitis B and C viruses. Positive samples have been genotyped. The data have been analyzed using the Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool, version 5.3, and Stata 11.0. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence for hepatitis B virus and C virus were 17.1% (95%CI 11.6–23.4) and 0.7% (95%CI 0.1–1.5), respectively. Only 28% (95%CI 21.1–36.4) of the participants had serological evidence of vaccination against hepatitis B virus. Being older (> 40 years), being single, having a history of blood transfusion and use of cocaine, and ignoring the symptoms of sexually transmitted infections were associated with positivity for hepatitis B virus (p < 0.05). We have detected the subgenotype A1 of hepatitis B virus (n = 3) and the subtypes of hepatitis C virus 1a (n = 3) and 1b (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS We can observe a low prevalence of infection of hepatitis B and C viruses in the studied population. However, the findings of the analysis of the risk factors show the need for more investment in prevention programs for sexual and drug-related behavior, as well as more efforts to vaccinate this population against hepatitis B. The genotypes of the hepatitis B virus and C virus identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.

SUMMARY Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may affect the clinical course of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV1). Both infections are common in endemic areas because these viruses share similar routes of transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV1/2 in a population of HIV1-infected patients in the state of Goiás, Midwestern Brazil. Of the 505 studied patients, four (0.79%) were positive for anti-HTLV1/2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with HTLV1 infection confirmed by line immunoassay (LIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all of the ELISA-positive samples. No cases of HTLV2 infection were observed. The prevalence of HTLV1/HIV1 coinfection was 0.79% (4/505; 95% CI: 0.25-2.16). All the coinfected patients reported sexual risk behaviors and only one reported intravenous drug use. Sequencing of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) region and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the four HTLV1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental a subgroup of the Cosmopolitan (1a) subtype, the most frequent subgroup detected in Brazil. This study shows a low prevalence of HTLV1/2 in HIV1-infected patients in Midwestern Brazil.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) may impact the clinical course of tuberculosis (TB). Both infections are highly endemic in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in TB patients in Central-West Brazil and to perform a genetic characterisation of the respective isolates. Of the 402 patients, six (1.49%) were positive for anti-HTLV and five (1.24%; 95% confidence interval: 0.46-3.05) were infected with HTLV-1/2. Genetic characterisation demonstrated that the four HTLV-1 isolates belonged to the Transcontinental subgroup A of the Cosmopolitan subtype a and that the HTLV-2 isolate belonged to subtype a (HTLV-2a/c). The prevalence of HTLV infection observed in this study is higher than that observed in local blood donors and the HTLV-1 and 2 subtypes identified are consistent with those circulating in Brazil.

Introduction: The collection of recyclable waste materials is a widespread activity among the urban poor. Today, this occupation attracts an increasingly large number of individuals. Despite its economic and environmental importance, this activity is associated with unsafe and unhealthy working conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiological profile of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a population of recyclable waste collectors in central Brazil. Methods: Recyclable waste collectors from all 15 recycling cooperatives in Goiânia City were invited to participate in the study. The participants (n = 431) were interviewed and screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HBsAg- and anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for HBV DNA and genotyped. Results: The overall prevalence of HBV infection (HBsAg- and/or anti-HBc-positive) was 12.8%. An age over 40 years and illicit drug use were associated with HBV infection. HBV DNA was detected in 2/3 HBsAg-positive samples and in 1/52 anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative samples (an occult HBV infection rate of 1.9%), in which the genotypes/subgenotypes A/A1, D/D3 and F/F2 were identified. Only 12.3% of the recyclable waste collectors had serological evidence of previous HBV vaccination. Conclusions: These findings highlight the vulnerability of recyclable waste collectors to HBV infection and reinforce the importance of public health policies that address the health and safety of this socially vulnerable population.

The prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was investigated in 149 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative injecting drug users (IDUs) in the Central-West Region of Brazil. Of these individuals, 19 were positive for HBV DNA, resulting in an occult HBV infection prevalence of 12.7% (19/149); six of these 19 individuals had anti-HBV core and/or anti-HBV surface antibodies and 13 were negative for HBV markers. All IDUs with occult hepatitis B reported sexual and/or parenteral risk behaviours. All HBV DNA-positive samples were successfully genotyped. Genotype D was the most common (17/19), followed by genotype A (2/19). These findings reveal a high prevalence of occult HBV infection and the predominance of genotype D among IDUs in Brazil's Central-West Region.

INTRODUCTION: Little information regarding hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among Brazilian female prisoners exists. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections and identified viral genotypes among female prisoners in Goiás, Central Brazil. METHODS: Women incarcerated in the largest prison in the State of Goiás were invited to participate in the study. All female prisoners were interviewed and tested for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and antibody against HCV (anti-HCV) by ELISA. HBsAg and anti-HCV positive samples were tested for HBV DNA and HCV RNA and genotyped, respectively. RESULTS: Participants (n=148; 98.6%) completed the study with an overall HBV prevalence of 18.9%. Age >30 years, a low education level, sex with a sexually transmitted diseases carrier, and a male sexual partner serving in the same penitentiary were associated with HBV infections. Only 24% of the women were anti-HBs positive suggesting previous HBV vaccination. Nine female prisoners (6.1%) were anti-HCV positive. Age >40 years, injecting drug use and length of incarceration were statistically associated with anti-HCV antibodies. Five samples were HCV RNA positive and classified as genotypes 1 (subtypes 1a; n=3 and 1b; n=1) and 3 (subtype 3a; n=1). The HBsAg-reactive sample was HBV DNA positive and genotype A. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the necessity of public policies to control hepatitis B and C infections and emphasize the importance of hepatitis B vaccination in prison environments.