RESUMO A introdução da soja tolerante a 2,4-D (ENLIST®) oferece um novo potencial para a aplicação de herbicidas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo: (a) avaliar o efeito das combinações de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle de Conyza spp., e (b) a seletividade da associação de herbicidas pós-emergentes em soja, garantindo uma aplicação eficaz sem comprometer a saúde da cultura. Um experimento de campo com soja tolerante ao 2,4-D utilizou um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos incluíram várias combinações de 2,4-D com glifosato, chlorimuron, cloransulam, imazethapyr, bentazona e imazamox. Estes foram aplicados como um único tratamento ou sequencialmente 15 dias após o tratamento (DAT) usando glufosinato de amônio, juntamente com dois controles sem aplicação de herbicida. Os resultados mostraram menos de 15% de fitotoxicidade em todos os tratamentos. Aos 21 DAT, apenas os tratamentos aplicados sequencialmente mostraram controle significativo, com eficácia superior a 80% contra Conyza spp. Em contraste, as aplicações únicas das combinações de herbicidas com 2,4-D foram ineficazes para o controle pós-emergência de Conyza spp. 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® forma objetivo (a pósemergentes pós emergentes spp b (b cultura casualizados 1 repetições glifosato chlorimuron cloransulam imazethapyr imazamox DAT (DAT amônio herbicida significativo 80 contraste pósemergência emergência 4D 24 2, (ENLIST 8

ABSTRACT The introduction of 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans (ENLIST®) offers a new potential for herbicide application. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) evaluate the effect of combinations of post-emergent herbicides on the control of Conyza spp. and (b) assess the selectivity of the post-emergent herbicide association in soybeans, ensuring effective application without compromising the health of the crop. A field experiment with 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans utilized a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments across four replications. Treatments included various combinations of 2,4-D with glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, bentazon, and imazamox. These were applied either as a single treatment or sequentially 15 days after treatment (DAT) using glufosinate-ammonium alongside two controls without herbicide application. The results showed less than 15% control across all treatments. At 21 DAT, only the treatments applied sequentially showed significant control, with effectiveness exceeding 80% against Conyza spp. In contrast, the single applications of the herbicide combinations with 2,4-D were ineffective for post-emergence control of Conyza spp. 2,4Dtolerant 24Dtolerant Dtolerant 2,4 D tolerant 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® Therefore (a postemergent post emergent spp b (b crop 1 replications 2,4D 24D glyphosate chlorimuronethyl, chlorimuronethyl chlorimuron ethyl, ethyl chlorimuron-ethyl cloransulammethyl, cloransulammethyl cloransulam methyl, methyl cloransulam-methyl imazethapyr bentazon imazamox DAT (DAT glufosinateammonium glufosinate ammonium 80 contrast postemergence emergence 4Dtolerant 24 2, (ENLIST 4D 8

Resumo Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, mudanças ocorreram em diversos campos, fazendo-se importante conhecer os contextos de risco social e psíquico que marcam condições de vulnerabilidade e vulneração, vividas por crianças e bebês, a despeito de crianças: refugiadas, residentes em favela e crianças vítimas de violência intrafamiliar. Objetivo: Conhecer possíveis riscos à saúde mental de crianças, em situação de vulnerabilidade, no período da pandemia de Covid-19, na realidade brasileira. Método: Estudo de mídia, com vistas à análise do contexto sociopolítico, favorecendo a visão crítica de leituras de mundo distintas, fundamental para compreensão do objeto pretendido. Resultado: A partir dos dados levantados, estruturou-se categorias específicas à cada grupo estudado, a saber: 1) crianças refugiadas: precariedade do abrigo; dimensão legal; perdas e lutos; e xenofobia. 2) crianças residentes periféricas: perdas e lutos; violência à criança; acesso à saúde; e fome. 3) violência intrafamiliar: direitos da criança em situação de violência; violência doméstica na pandemia e meios extradomiciliares que amparam a criança. Os resultados obtidos em cada um dos objetivos específicos, denunciam especificidades de cada um dos grupos: as crianças refugiadas, além de perderem direitos vivenciam perda da sua origem, dificultando o endereçamento do seu sofrimento a um “outro”. As crianças residentes em periferias, além de serem afetadas pela pandemia, sofreram efeitos da necropolitica, advinda da herança colonial. Crianças vítimas de violência intrafamiliar enfrentaram agravos decorrentes do isolamento social e adoecimnto psíquico dos cuidadores. Considera-se, por fim que sem a denúncia necessária, os riscos de esquecimento de tão grave problemática pode se fazer efetivar e os recursos necessários ao cuidado não se fazerem urgentes. A análise da mídia favoreceu lidar com uma lacuna no campo científico, possibilitando a criação de reflexões da condição de vulneração de populações invisibilizadas.

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, changes occurred in several fields, making it important to know the contexts of social and psychic risk that mark conditions of vulnerability and vulnerability, experienced by children and babies, despite children: refugees, residents in favelas and children’s victims of domestic violence. Objective: To know possible risks to the mental health of children, in a situation of vulnerability, in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the Brazilian reality. Method: Media study, with a view to analyzing the sociopolitical context, favoring a critical view of different world readings, fundamental for understanding the intended object. Result: From the collected data, specific categories were structured for each group studied, namely: 1) refugee children: precariousness of the shelter; legal dimension; losses and mourning; and xenophobia. 2) children living in peripheral areas: losses and bereavements; child violence; access to health; and hunger. 3) domestic violence: rights of children in situations of violence; domestic violence in the pandemic and extra-domiciliary means that support the child. The results obtained in each of the specific objectives, denounce specificities of each of the groups: refugee children, in addition to losing rights, experience the loss of their origin, making it difficult to address their suffering to an “other”. Children residing in peripheries, in addition to being affected by the pandemic, suffered the effects of necropolitics, arising from the colonial heritage. Children victims of intrafamily violence faced injuries resulting from social isolation and mental illness of caregivers. Finally, it is considered that without the necessary denouncement, the risks of forgetting such a serious problem can become effective and the resources necessary for care do not become urgent. Media analysis favored dealing with a gap in the scientific field, enabling the creation of reflections on the vulnerable condition of invisible populations.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os colunistas de economia dos principais jornais brasileiros a partir do conceito de comunidade epistêmica. Para tanto, o artigo realizou uma prosopografia desses colunistas e, em seguida, analisou os dados coletados por meio da análise de redes sociais. O trabalho revela, por um lado, a pluralidade da rede quando analisada a partir da formação acadêmica e, por outro, a centralidade dos colunistas ortodoxos quando se leva em conta a trajetória profissional completa deles, algo que reforçaria a utilidade do conceito de comunidade epistêmica. epistêmica tanto e seguida sociais revela lado outro deles

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the economics columnists of the main Brazilian newspapers based on the concept of epistemic community. Therefore, the article carried out a prosopography of these columnists and then analyzed the data collected by social network analysis. The work reveals, on the one hand, the plurality of the network when analyzed from the perspective of academic training and, on the other hand, the centrality of orthodox columnists when considering their complete professional trajectory, something that would reinforce the usefulness of the concept of epistemic community. community Therefore analysis reveals hand trajectory

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar a los columnistas de economía de los principales diarios brasileños a partir del concepto de comunidad epistémica. Para ello, este artículo realizó una prosopografía de estos columnistas y, luego, analizó los datos recopilados mediante el análisis de redes sociales. El trabajo revela, por un lado, la pluralidad de la red cuando se analiza desde la perspectiva de la formación académica y, por otro, la centralidad de los columnistas ortodoxos al tomar en cuenta la trayectoria profesional completa de sus integrantes, lo que reforzaría la utilidad del concepto de comunidad epistémica. epistémica ello y luego sociales revela lado otro integrantes

Inga edulis fruits, an important cultivation commonly associated with coffee and cacao farming, were collected from Baturité, located in Ceará, Brazil. Polysaccharides from Inga edulis pods were extracted using citric acid solution, and the impact of the extraction conditions in the properties of the resultant polysaccharide such as the degree of methyl-esterification behavior and galacturonic content were evaluated utilizing Taguchi approach, an efficient and easy statistical tool. For the study, the extraction conditions applied were pH (2.4, 5 and 7), time (1, 2 and 3 h) and temperature (70, 80 and 90 °C). The condition which provides the higher degree of methyl esterification allied to higher galacturonic acid content was pH 2.4, time 1 h and temperature 90 °C. For this condition, the extraction yield obtained was 3.97% m/m polysaccharide/botanical material. The emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability were also evaluated, and the emulsions with lower concentrations of polysaccharide provided the best results about emulsifying action. In the best of our efforts in research, the characterization of polysaccharide from fruit pods of Inga edulis is reported for the first time and this research contributes to the knowledge about botanical potential of this vegetal species and reinforces its potential as industrial crop. fruits farming Baturité Ceará Brazil solution methylesterification approach tool study 24 4 (2.4 7, 7 , 7) 1, (1 70, 70 (70 8 9 C °C . °C) 2.4 397 97 3.97 mm m polysaccharidebotanical material action crop (2. ( (7 2. 39 3.9 (2 3.

Abstract Tea is identified as the second most consumed drink in the world, and its frequent intake is related to several benefits to human health, considering its antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, diuretic, calming, and above all, antioxidant effects. These effects are often associated with the action of the phenolic compounds contained in these infusions. In Brazil, among the most consumed infusions are the teas of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and green/black tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Therefore, said popularity is the reason why the mentioned species were chosen to be evaluated on inflammatory enzymes. The activity of phospholipases A2 was reduced by more than 25% after treatment with black tea and yerba mate. The most significant inhibition of protease activity was observed after incubation with black tea (40.74%), green tea (31.48%) and yerba mate (25.93%). Infusions of black and green tea reduced hemolysis in semisolid and liquid media, and for the latter, reductions of up to 50% of hemolytic activity were observed, indicating an anti-inflammatory potential of the samples. Plasma incubations with green tea, black tea and lemon balm and subsequent addition of venom (1:10 ratio; tea:PBS, v:v) prolonged the coagulation time of citrated plasma by approximately twice compared to the positive control. All controls with pure tea had a thrombolytic character, in higher proportions than the venom control, especially chamomile (273.55% dissolution). Phenolic compounds derived from phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins are identified as the main agents that promote the biological effects observed in this study. This is mainly due to their anti-catalytic properties exerted on inflammatory enzymes and as chelating agents of enzymatic co-factors. The evaluated teas showed potential for nutraceutical use, thus pointing to the possibility of use as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases linked to hemostasis. world health antimutagenic anticarcinogenic antimicrobial antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, antihistamine diuretic calming all Brazil Matricaria L., L L. , L.) Cymbopogon D.C. DC D C (D.C. Stapf, Stapf Stapf) Melissa Pimpinella Ilex A St.Hil, StHil St. Hil St St.-Hil) Mentha greenblack Camellia L.. . Therefore 25 40.74%, 4074 40.74% 40 74 (40.74%) 31.48% 3148 31 48 (31.48% 25.93%. 2593 25.93% 93 (25.93%) media latter 50 samples 110 1 10 (1:1 ratio teaPBS, teaPBS PBS, PBS tea:PBS vv v v:v control character 273.55% 27355 273 55 (273.55 dissolution. dissolution dissolution) acids flavonoids study anticatalytic catalytic cofactors. cofactors co factors. factors co-factors hemostasis D.C (D.C St.Hil St.-Hil 2 407 40.74 4 7 (40.74% 31.48 314 3 (31.48 259 25.93 9 (25.93% 5 11 (1: 273.55 2735 27 (273.5 40.7 (40.74 31.4 (31.4 25.9 (25.93 (1 273.5 (273. 40. (40.7 31. (31. 25. (25.9 ( 273. (273 (40. (31 (25. (27 (40 (3 (25 (2 (4

RESUMO Objetivos: Relatar o primeiro caso de transplante duplo – fígado e rim – em monobloco como alternativa cirúrgica em paciente com aterosclerose avançada e calcificação extensa de vasos arteriais aortoilíacos. Métodos: As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com a paciente, registro de imagem dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais a paciente foi submetida e revisão da literatura. Conclusão: A técnica descrita pode representar uma alternativa eficiente e segura em circunstâncias nas quais a anastomose vascular, arterial ou venosa é impossibilitada por desafios anatômicos em decorrência de doença vascular prévia. Objetivos aortoilíacos Métodos prontuário literatura Conclusão prévia

ABSTRACT Objectives: Report the first case of a combined transplant – liver and kidney – in a single block as a surgical alternative in a patient with advanced atherosclerosis and extensive calcification of aortoiliac arterial vessels. Methods: Information was obtained through a medical record review, interviews with the patient, image records of the diagnostic procedures, and a literature review. Conclusion: The described surgical technique may represent an efficient and safe alternative when arterial or venous anastomosis is impossible due to anatomical challenges due to previous vascular disease. Objectives vessels Methods review procedures Conclusion disease

ABSTRACT Increasing orchard density is an alternative approach for enhancing productivity of the fig tree. In addition to promoting better utilization of productive areas, increased density allows for the optimization of plant management. In some situations, it may be necessary to alter the pruning system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the practices of reducing spacing and lopping shoots enhance green fig production for industrial purposes. The research was conducted in southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil (21°14’S and 45°00’W, 918 m in height) in an area with a tropical highland climate. A 3 × 2 factorial scheme was adopted, with three different plant spacings (0.50, 0.75, or 1 m, totaling plant densities of 8,000, 5,333, and 4,000 fig trees per hectare, respectively), and plants were managed with and without the lopping of productive shoots. The spacing between planting rows was standardized to 2.5 m. Two productive shoots were retained on all trees. In the lopping treatment, after the emergence of the 16th leaf, the shoot was topped (i.e., the apical bud was removed), and two new shoots were selected per productive shoot. Additional loppings were performed later, always after the emergence of the sixth leaf, totaling three loppings. Data were collected from each plot, which consisted of three useful plants, during two production cycles. It was concluded that smaller spacings decreased production per plant, but they increased green fig productivity. Lopping productive shoots increased fruit weight, the number of fruits per plant, and fig production. tree areas management situations system purposes State 21°14S 2114S S 21°14 21 14 45°00W, 4500W W 45°00 W, 45 00 45°00’W 91 height climate adopted 0.50, 050 0 50 (0.50 075 75 0.75 8000 8 000 8,000 5333 5 333 5,333 4000 4 4,00 hectare respectively, respectively , respectively) 25 2. treatment th leaf i.e., ie i e (i.e. removed, removed removed) later plot cycles weight 14S 2114 21°1 00W 45°00W 4500 45°0 9 0.50 05 (0.5 07 7 0.7 800 8,00 533 33 5,33 400 4,0 i.e. (i.e 211 21° 450 45° 0.5 (0. 0. 80 8,0 53 5,3 40 4, i.e (0 8, 5, (

Abstract Pollen dispersal by insects determines the patterns of reproductive encounters between plants with flowers that have spatially or temporally segregated sexes. Pollinators exhibit varied responses to environmental gradients, such as those in grassland-forest ecotones. Individual-based interaction networks are useful yet underexplored tools to understand how interactions vary across these gradients. To test how a grassland-forest ecotone gradient affects these interactions, we studied pollination networks of Butia odorata individuals, a key palm tree species in a threatened South American grassland ecosystem. We assessed, through Structural Equation Models (SEMs), how network metrics (specialization and modularity) and pollinator richness and abundance (total, peripheral, core) respond to gradients of habitat and population structure in the grassland-forest ecotone. Networks with more spatially isolated palms showed greater specialization and modularity. Pollinator richness was dependent on the habitat context and pollinator role. The peripheral pollinators were negatively affected by palm density. The core pollinators were positively affected by tree cover, which, in turn, was positively associated with palm density and proximity to the forest. Our results suggest that palm population density can modulate the presence of peripheral pollinators, while increased tree cover in the grassland matrix can promote pollinator diversity by decreasing the dominance of core species. sexes grasslandforest forest ecotones Individualbased Individual based individuals ecosystem assessed SEMs, SEMs , (SEMs) modularity total, total (total role which turn (SEMs

ABSTRACT This case report discusses the migration of a foreign body from the breast to the mediastinum, which is rarely reported, and highlights complications associated with Okibari acupuncture. This technique involves the insertion of metal fragments into the skin. A 53-year-old woman underwent mammography showing acupuncture-related metallic fragments in the breast. Cardiac evaluation revealed the presence of metallic fragments in the right ventricle and myocardium. Despite the fragments‘ location in the mediastinum, the patient remained asymptomatic, leading us to take a conservative approach. This case highlights the importance of awareness of the potential complications of foreign bodies and emphasizes the need for careful monitoring. mediastinum reported acupuncture skin 53yearold yearold 53 year old acupuncturerelated related myocardium asymptomatic approach monitoring 5

Resumen Con el fin de explorar las posibles aproximaciones entre Glauber Rocha y Ailton Krenak, este ensayo investiga los ecos y las relaciones entre dos figuras distintas en sus atribuciones, lugares sociales y ambiciones político-estéticas, pero que comparten un compromiso con cuestiones urgentes en el debate público de sus respectivos tiempos históricos. Así, proponemos un diálogo transversal entre los dos pensadores a partir de la dimensión onírica (la institución del sueño), que quizás sea la que mejor atraviese sus afinidades y diferencias. Aunque parezca inusual una asociación entre Glauber Rocha y los amerindios, o entre Ailton Krenak y el Cinema Novo, el ensayo enfatiza la afinidad intempestiva de la institución del sueño en las resonancias y disidencias entre los manifiestos de Glauber Rocha “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) y “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) y los libros de Ailton Krenak, Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2020) y A vida não é útil (2021). atribuciones políticoestéticas, políticoestéticas político estéticas, estéticas político-estéticas históricos Así sueño, , sueño) diferencias amerindios Novo Eztetyka Fome 1965 (1965 sonho 1971 (1971 2020 (2020 2021. 2021 . (2021) 196 (196 197 (197 202 (202 (2021 19 (19 20 (20 1 (1 2 (2 (

Resumo A fim de explorar as possíveis aproximações entre Glauber Rocha e Ailton Krenak, este ensaio investiga os ecos e as relações entre duas figuras distintas em suas atribuições, lugares sociais e ambições político-estéticas, mas que compartilham um engajamento em questões urgentes no debate público de seus respectivos tempos históricos. Assim, propomos um diálogo transversal entre os dois pensadores a partir da dimensão onírica (a instituição do sonho), que talvez melhor atravesse suas afinidades e diferenças. Embora pareça inusitada uma associação entre Glauber Rocha e os ameríndios, ou entre Ailton Krenak e o Cinema Novo, o ensaio enfatiza a afinidade intempestiva da instituição do sonho nas ressonâncias e dissidências entre os manifestos de Glauber Rocha “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) e “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) e os livros de Ailton Krenak, Ideias para adiar o fim do mundo (2020) e A vida não é útil (2021). atribuições políticoestéticas, políticoestéticas político estéticas, estéticas político-estéticas históricos Assim sonho, , sonho) diferenças ameríndios Novo Eztetyka Fome 1965 (1965 1971 (1971 2020 (2020 2021. 2021 . (2021) 196 (196 197 (197 202 (202 (2021 19 (19 20 (20 1 (1 2 (2 (

Abstract In order to explore possible connections between Glauber Rocha and Ailton Krenak, this essay investigates the echoes and relationships between these two figures who are different in their attributions, social positions, and political-aesthetic ambitions, but who share a commitment to urgent issues in the public debate of their respective historical times. Thus, we propose a transversal dialogue between the two thinkers in the oneiric dimension (the institution of the dream), which will perhaps best traverse their affinities and differences. Although an association between Glauber Rocha and the Amerindians or between Ailton Krenak and the Cinema Novo may seem unusual, this essay highlights the untimely affinity of the institution of the dream in the resonances and dissidences between Glauber Rocha's manifestos “Eztetyka da Fome” (1965) and “Eztetyka do sonho” (1971) and Ailton Krenak's books, Ideas to Postpone the End of the World (2020) and Life is Not Useful (2021). attributions positions politicalaesthetic political aesthetic ambitions times Thus dream, , dream) differences unusual Rochas s Eztetyka Fome 1965 (1965 sonho 1971 (1971 Krenaks books 2020 (2020 2021. 2021 . (2021) 196 (196 197 (197 202 (202 (2021 19 (19 20 (20 1 (1 2 (2 (

Abstract Maxillofacial trauma can occur with high frequency while playing sports. Skeletal and soft tissue lesions can occur, with different degrees of severity and impact for the athlete. Sports-related facial fractures most frequently affect the nose, zygoma and mandible, regardless of the country and sport. During initial evaluation it is important to distinguish between stable injuries that can be treated on the sidelines or after the match and emergencies requiring prompt hospital transfer. Athletes could benefit from a more personalized approach to treatment, aimed at optimizing the timeframe for return to play. There is a lack of evidence-based studies on return to play after facial trauma, and currently no specific guidelines exist. Return to sport depends on a variety of factors, such as type of fracture, the risk of impact within the sport, the player's motivation for an early return and the surgeon's knowledge and experience.

Resumo Trauma maxilofacial ocorre frequentemente durante a prática de desportos. Lesões esqueléticas e de tecidos moles podem ocorrer com diferentes graus de gravidade e impacto para o atleta. As fraturas faciais relacionadas com o desporto afetam mais frequentemente o nariz, o zigoma e a mandíbula, independentemente do país e do desporto. Durante a avaliação inicial é importante distinguir entre lesões estáveis que podem ser tratadas fora do campo ou após o jogo, e emergências que requerem transferência hospitalar imediata. Os atletas podem beneficiar de uma abordagem mais personalizada no tratamento, de forma a otimizar o regresso à competição. Atualmente, e devido à falta de estudos baseados na evidência, não existem diretrizes específicas sobre o regresso à competição após traumatismos da face. O regresso à competição depende de diversos fatores, como o tipo de fratura, o risco de impacto dentro do desporto, a motivação do jogador para um regresso precoce e o conhecimento e experiência do cirurgião.

Abstract Objective: To describe the process of translation into Brazilian Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation of the French Reflux Symptom Score-12 questionnaire used for the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux. Methods: This was across-cultural translation and adaptation study of a health instrument, with a cross-sectional design. It was carried out in eight stages: translation from French into Brazilian Portuguese, cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the first version (pilot test 1), adaptation by a panel of experts, application of the second version (pilot test 2), back translation, reviewing by a committee in conjunction with the author of the original instrument and, application of the final version. The Brazilian Portuguese versions of the questionnaire were applied to individuals with symptoms and signs of laryngopharyngeal reflux who underwent pHmetry and esophageal manometry at the study site. Results: In pilot test 1, the first version of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to 30 patients. The patients had no difficulty to understand any of the 12 symptom items, but 15 patients (50%) had difficulty interpreting the symptom frequency score. After adapting the format of the frequency score, a version 2 of the RSS-12 in Brazilian Portuguese was applied to another 23 patients, who completed the questionnaire in full without any difficulty. Along with the review committee, the author of the original RSS-12 considered the version 2 to be adequate and did not propose any changes, so it was approved as the final version of the Brazilian Portuguese RSS-12. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, called Reflux Symptom Score-12 PT-BR, shows good understanding and linguistic, conceptual and content equivalence, in relation to the original Reflux Symptom Score-12. Objective crosscultural cross Score12 Score Score-1 Methods acrosscultural across crosssectional sectional design stages experts 1 , 1) 2, 2) site Results RSS12 RSS RSS-1 3 items 50% 50 (50% score changes RSS12. 12. Conclusion PTBR, PTBR PT BR, BR PT-BR linguistic equivalence Score12. Score1 Score- RSS1 RSS- 5 (50 (5 (

RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objeto a presença de membros do Conselho Monetário Nacional (CMN) em think tanks a partir de 1995. Quanto a este objeto, testamos a hipótese de que há vinculação de fato entre os membros do CMN e think tanks. A pesquisa levanta também duas outras hipóteses auxiliares: os think tanks funcionam como mecanismo de entrada para os cargos, aparecendo anteriormente na trajetória do Conselheiro; e que os membros do Conselho de perfil ideacional ortodoxo tendem a participar mais de think tanks que os demais. (CMN 1995 auxiliares cargos Conselheiro demais 199 19 1

ABSTRACT This essay has for object the presence of members of the National Monetary Council (CMN) in think tanks since 1995. The problem of research of the work is if there is a de facto link between the CMN members and think tanks. The essay also has two auxiliary problems: whether CMN members previously linked to their positions and then entered think tanks or whether think tanks function as an entry mechanism for positions; and whether members of the Council with an orthodox ideational profile tend to participate in think tanks more than the rest. (CMN 1995 problems rest 199 19 1