Abstract Introduction: Experience with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the pediatric population is limited. Few medical centers have experts specifically trained in pediatric therapeutic endoscopy. As a result, patients are generally referred to adult endoscopists with high experience in the procedure. The aim of this study was to characterize the experience of an adult endoscopy unit with ERCP on pediatric patients, with a special focus on very young patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed indications, technical success rate, final clinical diagnosis, and complica-tions of ERCPs in children <18 years at our tertiary referral hospital center between January 1994 and June 2022. Results: Sixty-five ERCPs were performed on 57 children with a median age of 13 years (range 1-17 years). Eleven ERCPs were performed on 9 patients up to 5 years old. Indications for ERCP were as follows: biliary obstruction (n = 40), mainly due to choledocholithiasis, lithiasic acute pancreatitis (n = 19), recurrent pancreatitis (n = 3), stent extraction (n = 2), and post-operative biliary fistula (n = 1). The cannulation success rate was 95.1%. Therapeutic interventions were performed in 79% of ERCP. All patients were followed up as inpatients. Complications were recorded in two procedures (3.1%), and no procedure-related mortality occurred. Conclusion: In our experience, ERCP in children can be safely performed with high success rates by advanced adult-trained expert endoscopists at a high-volume center.

Resumo Introdução: Existe pouca experiência na realização de colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) na população pediátrica. A maioria dos centros carece de especialistas especificamente treinados em endoscopia terapêutica pediátrica, sendo os doentes geralmente referenciados para Gastroenterologistas de adultos com elevada experiência na técnica. O objectivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a experiência de um departamento de Gastrenterologia de adultos em CPRE pediátrica, com destaque particular nos doentes muito novos. Métodos: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente as indicações, sucesso técnico, diagnósticos e complicações das colan-giopancreatografias retrógradas endoscópicas (CPREs) realizadas no nosso hospital terciário em crianças <18 anos, entre Janeiro de 1994 e Junho de 2022. Resultados: Foram realizadas 65 CPREs em 57 crianças com idade mediana 13 anos (1-17 anos). Doze procedimentos foram realizados em 9 crianças com idade até 5 anos. As indicações para CPRE foram: obstrução biliar (n = 40), sobretudo devido a coledocolitíase, pancreatite aguda litiásica (n = 19), pancreatite recorrente (n = 3), extracção de prótese (n = 2) e fístula biliar pós cirurgia (n = 1). A taxa de sucesso de canulação foi 95.4%. Foram realizados procedimentos terapêuticos em 80.0% das CPREs. Todos os doentes foram vigiados em regime de internamento, tendo-se registado complicações em dois exames (3.1%). Não existiram mortes relacionadas com a técnica. Discussão/Conclusão: A CPRE pode ser realizada na população pediátrica com segurança e elevada taxa de sucesso por Gastrenterologistas de adultos com experiência na técnica, num centro com elevado volume de exames.

Abstract Since the 1970s, maternal corticosteroid therapy has been used successfully to induce labor. This allows for better monitoring of parturients and provision of first aid to neonates, improving neonatal viability, as this treatment induces maturation in a variety of fetal tissues, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. Although the effects of corticosteroids are well known, few studies have investigated the influence of this therapy in Santa Inês sheep. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone at two doses (8 and 16 mg) to induce lambing in Santa Inês ewes at 145 days of gestation and assess its effects on neonatal vitality. For this study, 58 ewes raised in an extensive system were investigated. Pregnancy was confirmed after artificial insemination at a set time or after controlled mounting. Ewes were separated into three groups: an untreated control group (G1: 0 mg) and groups treated with two doses of dexamethasone (G2: 8 mg and G3: 16 mg). In total, 79 lambs were born. Their vitality was assessed based on their Apgar score, weight, temperature, and postnatal behavior. SAS v9.1.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) was used to analyze data, considering a 5% significance level for all analyses. The births in the induced groups occurred 48.4 ± 22.1 h after induction, while the ewes that underwent non-induced labor gave birth 131.96 ± 41.9 h after placebo application (p < 0.05), confirming the efficacy of dexamethasone to induce and synchronize labor. The induced and non-induced neonates had similar Apgar scores, temperatures, weights, and postnatal behavioral parameters (p > 0.05). This study showed that inducing labor in Santa Inês ewes at 145 days of gestation with a full (16 mg) or half dose (8 mg) of dexamethasone is an effective technique and does not compromise neonate vitality. 1970s s viability tissues mortality known sheep ( 1 14 5 mounting G1 G (G1 G2 (G2 G3 mg. . total 7 born score weight temperature behavior v913 v v9 3 v9.1. Institute Cary NC data analyses 484 48 4 48. 221 22 22. induction noninduced non 13196 131 96 131.9 419 41 9 41. p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) scores temperatures weights 0.05. (1 (G v91 v9.1 2 1319 13 131. 00 0.0 v9. 0.

Abstract The prompt and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks is crucial to curb the swift transmission of its causative agent, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which poses a substantial threat to the nation’s livestock. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of various RT-qPCR methods for the detection of FMDV. The methods evaluated for the 3D region demonstrated similar sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, noticeable distinctions emerged in samples with low RNA concentration. While these methods can be interchangeably utilized with consistent outcomes when handling a large number of samples sent to the laboratory to pinpoint an outbreak, minor variations may assume significance when working with a limited quantity of samples containing low FMDV RNA copies. footandmouth foot mouth agent FMDV, , (FMDV) nations nation s livestock RTqPCR RT qPCR D specificity Nevertheless concentration outbreak copies (FMDV

Resumo O diagnóstico rápido e preciso de surtos de febre aftosa é crucial para conter a rápida transmissão de seu agente causador, o vírus da febre aftosa (FMDV), que representa uma ameaça significativa ao gado do país. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de vários métodos de RT-qPCR para a detecção do FMDV. Os métodos avaliados para a região 3D demonstraram sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças notáveis em amostras com baixa concentração de RNA. Embora esses métodos possam ser utilizados de forma intercambiável com resultados consistentes ao lidar com um grande número de amostras enviadas ao laboratório para identificar um surto, variações sutis podem assumir importância ao trabalhar com uma quantidade limitada de amostras contendo baixas cópias de RNA do FMDV. causador FMDV, FMDV , (FMDV) país RTqPCR RT qPCR D semelhantes entanto surto (FMDV

A new class of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was used in the extraction of levodopa (L-dopa) present in Mucuna cinerea, which has been termed “green” or “designer” solvents, with notable productive and economic/environmental benefits. The seeds of Mucuna cinerea were prepared and submitted to extraction with heating and agitation in a solvent mixture of DES with citric acid, urea, or glycerol. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which confirmed the efficiency of DES in extracting L-dopa. These extractions were carried out to determine the L-dopa extracts in DES with regard to the induction of cellular response activity, demonstrating the synergy between L-dopa and DES. The DES-glycerol extract exhibited a higher proliferative activity than commercial L-dopa after 24 h of treatment. The human glandular kallikrein-1 gene (hGK3) demonstrated higher expression in the treatment with the DES-urea, while the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-6 gene (GRK6) showed higher expression for all extracts compared to commercial L-dopa, with a higher value obtained for DES glycerol, followed by DES urea extract. The DES extraction method is therefore promising and unprecedented, confirming its possible use in the replacement of expensive solvents, supporting the use of ecologically viable DES in the extractions of other plant species. (DES Ldopa L dopa (L-dopa green “green designer “designer economicenvironmental economic environmental benefits acid glycerol HPLC (HPLC Ldopa. dopa. DESglycerol 2 kallikrein1 kallikrein 1 kallikrein- hGK3 hGK (hGK3 DESurea, DESurea DES-urea proteincoupled protein coupled kinase6 kinase 6 kinase- GRK6 GRK (GRK6 Ldopa, dopa, unprecedented species (hGK (GRK

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by right ventricular failure and diminished cardiac output, potentially leading to renal and bone impairments. In contrast, resistance exercise training (RT) offers cardiovascular and bone health benefits. This study aimed to assess the impacts of stable PAH induced by monocrotaline (MCT) and RT on renal morphometry, as well as bone morphometry and biomechanical properties in male Wistar rats. Four experimental groups, untrained control (UC, n=7), trained control (TC, n=7), untrained hypertensive (UH, n=7), trained hypertensive (TH, n=7), were defined. After the first MCT or saline injection (20 mg/kg), trained rats were submitted to a RT program (i.e., Ladder climbing), 5 times/week. Seven days later the rats received the second MCT or saline dose. After euthanasia, renal and femoral histomorphometry and femoral biomechanical properties were assessed. PAH reduced renal glomerular area and volume, which was prevented by the RT. While PAH did not harm the femoral morphometry, structural and mechanical properties, RT improved the femoral parameters (e.g., length, percentage of trabeculae and bone marrow, ultimte and yield loads). Experimental stable PAH promotes renal but not bone damages, whereas RT prevents renal deteriorations and improves the femoral morphological and biomechanical properties. (PAH output impairments contrast (RT benefits (MCT groups UC, UC (UC n=7, n7 n n=7 , 7 n=7) TC, TC (TC UH, UH (UH TH, TH (TH defined 20 (2 mg/kg, mgkg mg/kg mg kg mg/kg) i.e., ie i e (i.e. climbing, climbing climbing) timesweek times week times/week dose euthanasia assessed volume e.g., eg g (e.g. length marrow loads. loads . loads) damages n= 2 ( i.e. (i.e e.g. (e.g i.e e.g

ABSTRACT Lectins are proteins that recognize and bind to carbohydrates in a reversible and specific manner. In this work, a lectin from Crotalaria incana L. seeds was purified by Sephadex G-50 affinity chromatography. The purified lectin was named CiL and presented affinity towards D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, α-methyl-D-mannoside and derivatives. CiL was stable over a wide range of temperatures and pH values, and it was divalent cation-dependent. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that CiL is composed of two subunits with apparent masses of 29 and 30 kDa. The amino acid sequence of five tryptic peptides was obtained through mass spectrometry. Partial primary structure data indicated the similarity between CiL and lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris, Cladrastis kentukea, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Crotalaria pallida and C. juncea. CiL showed no toxicity to Artemia salina nauplii at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, thus reinforcing the potential of this protein for further studies in other biological models and elucidation of possible effects. manner work L G50 G 50 G-5 chromatography Dmannose, Dmannose D mannose, mannose D-mannose Dglucose, Dglucose glucose, glucose D-glucose Dgalactose, Dgalactose galactose, galactose D-galactose αmethylDmannoside α methyl mannoside derivatives values cationdependent. cationdependent cation dependent. dependent cation-dependent SDSPAGE SDS PAGE 3 kDa spectrometry vulgaris kentukea culinaris sativum C juncea mgmL mg mL mg/mL effects G5 5 G-

Abstract With the growing demand for solutions to prevent and resolve faults in gas-insulated substations that affect the operation of the electrical system, a fault simulation laboratory for gas-insulated substations was developed to develop solutions for monitoring and locating these faults. The laboratory is composed of instruments for a fault location system based on traveling wave theory. The laboratory also has computational programs for fault simulation control and signal acquisition, in addition to having tools to analyze the data. The results were obtained through tests carried out that confirmed the laboratory's ability to simulate the operation of faults in gas-insulated substations, which allowed demonstrating the capacity of the fault location system using the theory of traveling waves. gasinsulated gas insulated acquisition data laboratorys s waves

ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus is the causative agent of the vesicular stomatitis disease, which mainly affects cattle, swine, and horses causing significant economic losses. Many other animal species, including humans, can be also affected by the disease. Up to now, the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis disease is not well understood. Previous epidemiological studies in Central America described the existence of an association between the presence of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus antibodies and environmental risk factors such as mean annual rainfall, temperature, and elevation. Additionally, molecular epidemiology studies revealed that the phylogenetic relationship between vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus isolates is more related to ecological factors than temporal factors. We have performed a genetic analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus samples isolated from animals in different geographical regions in Venezuela. We sequenced the hypervariable region of the phosphoprotein gene of 51 samples collected over eight years. The virus was found in a wide range of environmental conditions, at high and low altitudes and with variable levels of precipitation and temperatures. In contrast with previous reports, our phylogenetic analysis showed that viruses from different ecological regions did not present significant genetic differences. cattle swine losses species humans now understood rainfall temperature elevation Additionally Venezuela 5 years conditions temperatures reports differences

RESUMEN: El texto examina la dinámica político-ideológica y el contenido de la hegemonía empresarial en la política para la enseñanza mediana (secundaria) en Pernambuco. El análisis se vuelve a los intelectuales organizadores de la política, los aparatos privados de hegemonía, las orientaciones político-ideológicas y el comportamiento de los sectores y representantes de los subalternos frente al Procentro y, posteriormente, al Programa de Educación Integral. Para tanto, fue realizado un análisis de documentos oficiales y de instituciones privadas a la luz de categorías gramscianas, con destaque para la revolución pasiva y transformismo. Se concluye que la hegemonía empresarial en la política expresa un movimiento de modernización restauradora de la racionalidad gerencial, revisando aspectos ideológicos secundarios a la hegemonía empresarial para incorporar, residualmente, demandas de los subalternos. Eso resulta en un proyecto, en el plan de apariencia, más “social” e “inclusivo” de gerencialismo que, enseguida, ocasiona en fenómenos de transformismos como expresiones para apasivar las oposiciones al modelo gerencial. Se destaca también que el movimiento de modernización restauradora analizada en Pernambuco es parte de un bloco histórico dirigido por sectores progresivos de la política y de la sociedad civil que caracteriza una revolución pasiva a la brasileña y su social-liberalismo (CASTELO, 2011). RESUMEN políticoideológica político ideológica secundaria (secundaria políticoideológicas ideológicas posteriormente Integral tanto gramscianas transformismo gerencial incorporar residualmente proyecto apariencia social “social inclusivo “inclusivo enseguida socialliberalismo liberalismo CASTELO, CASTELO (CASTELO 2011. 2011 . 2011) 201 20 2

RESUMO: O texto examina a dinâmica político-ideológica e o conteúdo da hegemonia empresarial na política para o ensino médio em Pernambuco. A análise se debruça sobre os intelectuais organizadores da política, os aparelhos privados de hegemonia, as orientações político-ideológicas e o comportamento dos setores e representantes dos subalternos frente ao Procentro e, posteriormente, ao Programa de Educação Integral. Para tanto, foi realizada a análise de documentos oficiais e de instituições privadas à luz de categorias gramscianas, com destaque para revolução passiva e transformismo. Conclui-se que a hegemonia empresarial na política em tela expressa um movimento de modernização-restauradora da racionalidade gerencial, revisando aspectos ideológicos secundários à hegemonia empresarial para incorporar, residualmente, demandas dos subalternos. Isso resulta num projeto, no plano da aparência, mais “social” e “inclusivo” de gerencialismo que, por sua vez, ocasiona fenômenos de transformismos como expressões de apassivamento das oposições ao modelo gerencial. Destaca-se, também, que o movimento de modernização-restauradora analisada em Pernambuco é parte de um bloco histórico dirigido por setores progressivos da política e da sociedade civil que caracteriza uma revolução passiva à brasileira e seu social-liberalismo (CASTELO, 2011). RESUMO políticoideológica político ideológica políticoideológicas ideológicas posteriormente Integral tanto gramscianas transformismo Concluise Conclui modernizaçãorestauradora modernização restauradora gerencial incorporar residualmente projeto aparência social “social inclusivo “inclusivo vez Destacase, Destacase Destaca se, Destaca-se também socialliberalismo liberalismo CASTELO, CASTELO (CASTELO 2011. 2011 . 2011) 201 20 2

ABSTRACT: The text examines the political-ideological dynamic and the contents of the business hegemony in high school politics in Pernambuco. The analysis deals with the intellectual organizers in politics, the private hegemony devices, the political-ideological orientations, and the behavior of sectors and subordinate representatives regarding Procentro and, later, the Programa de Educação Integral (Full Education Program). For such, official documents and private institutions were analyzed, making use of Gramscian categories, with passive revolution and transformism as standouts. The conclusion is that the business hegemony in politics is expressed in a movement of modernization-restauration of managing rationality, revising ideological aspects that are secondary to the business hegemony in order to incorporate, residually, demands from the subordinates. That results, in terms of appearances, in a more “social” and “inclusive” project of management which, in turn, translates into transformism phenomena as expressions of passivation of opposition to the management model. It also stands out that the movement of modernization-restauration analyzed in Pernambuco is part of a historical block headed by progressive sectors in politics and civil society that characterizes a Brazilian-style passive revolution and its social liberalism (CASTELO, 2011). ABSTRACT politicalideological political devices orientations later Full Program. Program . Program) such categories standouts modernizationrestauration modernization restauration rationality incorporate residually subordinates results appearances “social inclusive “inclusive which turn model Brazilianstyle Brazilian style CASTELO, CASTELO (CASTELO 2011. 2011 2011) 201 20 2

Abstract This paper investigates mold materials for polypropylene (PP) injection molding, including CuBe alloy (high thermal conductivity), AISI P20 mold steel (the conventional material for injection molds), and polyurethane resin (rapid tooling). Characterization of molded parts involved microstructural analysis, tensile tests, warping, and degree of crystallinity assessments. The results show that the higher thermal conductivity of the mold’s inserts reduced the injection molding cycle time and produced thicker skins, which resulted in smaller spherulite sizes in the core of the samples, reduced the crystallinity degree, and consequently reduced the maximum strain property. The thermal conductivity of the molds’ inserts was shown to be more significative than the skin thickness and mold temperature for the size of the spherulites when they are formed. In addition, CuBe alloys showed to be a strong competitor with additive manufacturing-produced molds with conformal cooling channels to reduce injection molding cycle time. PP (PP high conductivity, , conductivity) P P2 molds, molds) rapid tooling. tooling . tooling) analysis tests warping assessments s skins samples property formed addition manufacturingproduced manufacturing

Resumo O gênero Amblyomma (Arachnida: Ixodidae) é amplamente distribuído na América do Sul, com 34 espécies ocorrendo no Brasil. Amblyomma nodosum Neumann 1889 é uma espécie que se alimenta predominantemente de Passeriformes, durante os estágios imaturos (larvas e ninfas), e de tamanduás (Myrmecophagidae) durante os estágios adultos. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar, pela primeira vez, um caso incomum de parasitismo por adultos de A. nodosum em um Sapo-cururu (Rhinella icterica), capturado na cidade de Nossa Senhora da Glória, estado de Sergipe (Nordeste do Brasil) na Caatinga, e também investigar a presença de DNA de Rickettsia no material coletado. DNA foi extraído de todos os espécimes (N=8) coletados e submetidos a ensaios de cPCR baseados no gene endógeno 16S rRNA de carrapatos e no gene gltA de Rickettsia sp. Todas as amostras (8/8; 100%) foram positivas para o gene endógeno 16S rRNA e dois amplicons (obtidos de um macho e uma fêmea) foram purificados e sequenciados. A análise BLASTn das sequências revelou um alto grau de similaridade (95-100%) com sequências de A. nodosum previamente depositadas no GenBank, enquanto a análise filogenética agrupou as sequências obtidas no mesmo clado das sequências de A. nodosum do Brasil. Arachnida (Arachnida Ixodidae Sul 3 Brasil 188 Passeriformes larvas ninfas, ninfas , ninfas) Myrmecophagidae (Myrmecophagidae relatar vez Sapocururu Sapo cururu Rhinella icterica, icterica icterica) Glória Nordeste Caatinga coletado N=8 N8 N 8 (N=8 S sp 8/8 88 (8/8 100% 100 obtidos fêmea sequenciados 95100% 95100 95 (95-100% GenBank 18 N= (N= 8/ (8/ 10 9510 9 (95-100 1 (N (8 951 (95-10 ( (95-1 (95- (95 (9

Abstract The Amblyomma genus (Arachnida: Ixodidae) is widely distributed in South America, with 34 species occurring in Brazil. Amblyomma nodosum Neumann 1889 is a species that predominantly feeds on Passeriformes during immature stages (larvae and nymphs) and anteaters (Myrmecophagidae) during adult stages. The aim of the present study is to report, for the first time, an unusual case of parasitism by adults of A. nodosum on a yellow cururu toad (Rhinella icterica) captured in the city of Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe state (Northeastern Brazil) in the Caatinga biome, and also investigate the presence of DNA of Rickettsia in the collected material. DNA was extracted from all specimens collected (N=8) and subjected to PCR assays based on the tick 16S rRNA endogenous gene and gltA gene for Rickettsia sp. All samples (8/8; 100%) were positive for the 16S rRNA endogenous gene and two amplicons (obtained from one male and one female) were purified and sequenced. The BLASTn analysis of the sequences revealed a high degree of similarity (95-100%) with A. nodosum sequences previously deposited on GenBank, while the phylogenetic analysis clustered the sequences obtained in the same clade as A. nodosum sequences from Brazil. Arachnida (Arachnida Ixodidae America 3 Brazil 188 larvae nymphs Myrmecophagidae (Myrmecophagidae report time A Rhinella icterica Glória Northeastern biome material N=8 N8 N 8 (N=8 S sp 8/8 88 (8/8 100% 100 female sequenced 95100% 95100 95 (95-100% GenBank 18 N= (N= 8/ (8/ 10 9510 9 (95-100 1 (N (8 951 (95-10 ( (95-1 (95- (95 (9

Abstract Objective: The present study revisited three classification systems of orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) (Chandler, Mortimore & Wormald, and Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima) and observed which of them presented the best clinical applicability. Methods: Clinical data and CT scan findings of patients with orbital infection were retrospectively collected. To compare the three classification systems, we revised and graded all CT images accordingly, and divided the patients into four groups: Eyelid cellulitis (EC), orbital cellulitis (OC), subperiosteal abscess (SA), and orbital abscess (OA). The groups were compared regarding the presence of sinus opacification, the need for hospitalization and/or surgical treatment, and the presence of further complications/sequelae. Results: 143 patients were included. The median number of sinuses involved in patients in the OC, SA, and OA groups was 2.0. ARS was rarely associated with signs of EC (present in both Chandler’s and Mortimore & Wormald’s classifications. The hospitalization rate was significantly lower in the EC group compared to the other three groups. Surgery was performed in all cases in the OA group, in 58.1% in the SA group, 19.4% in the OC group, and 12.5% in the EC group (p-value < 0.0001 ). Complications were present at higher rates in the OA group compared to the other three groups. Conclusions: ARS was rarely associated with Eyelid Cellulitis. The stratification in the other three groups showed to be clinically relevant. Velasco e Cruz & Anselmo-Lima's classification system proved valid, simple, and effective for categorizing orbital complications of ARS. Level of evidence: 3. Objective (ARS Chandler, Chandler (Chandler Wormald AnselmoLima Anselmo Lima Anselmo-Lima applicability Methods collected accordingly EC, , (EC) (OC) (SA) OA. . (OA) opacification andor or treatment complicationssequelae sequelae complications/sequelae Results 14 included 20 2 0 2.0 Chandlers s Wormalds classifications 581 58 1 58.1 194 19 4 19.4 125 12 5 12.5 pvalue p value 00001 0001 0.000 ) Conclusions Cellulitis relevant AnselmoLimas valid simple evidence 3 (EC (OC (SA (OA 2. 58. 19. 12. 0000 000 0.00 00 0.0 0.

Summary Background and aims: Serra do Itapetinga houses one of the most important remnants of Atlantic Forest in the macrometropolis of Sao Paulo, the most populous region of Brazil. In the context of monographic works on Brazilian Nothoscordum species, a new species with current distribution restricted to Serra do Itapetinga was identified, and is described and illustrated here. M&M: Recognition of the new species is based on morphological, molecular and cytological data. Descriptions and morphological comparisons were obtained from examination of herbarium collections or living plants. Based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (ndhF and matK) DNA markers, a molecular phylogeny including the described species is presented. Its conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Results: Nothoscordum itapetinga bears free staminal filaments, a typical morphological character of sect. Nothoscordum. Its placement in sect. Nothoscordum is also supported by molecular data and base chromosome number. We provide its chromosome count along with karyotype formula and DNA content. Comments on its distribution, habitat and conservation are furnished. Conclusions: With the data available the new species is considered Critically Endangered (CR). The localities of occurrence suffered decades of impacts resulting from intensive and uncontrolled use, in addition to human-induced fires, which modified the vegetation structure and floristic composition. Urgent measures are required to ensure the survival of the remaining populations of N. itapetinga.

Resumo Introdugao e objetivos: A Serra do Itapetinga abriga um dos mais importantes remanescentes de Floresta Atlántica da Macrometrópole Paulista, a regiáo mais populosa do Brasil. No contexto do tratamento monográfico de Nothoscordum para o país, uma nova espécie com distribuipáo atual restrita á Serra do Itapetinga foi identificada e é aqui descrita e ilustrada. M&M: O reconhecimento da nova espécie está baseado tanto em dados morfológicos como moleculares e citogenéticos. As descripóes e comparares morfológicas foram feitas a partir da análise de materiais vivos ou depositados nas colepóes dos herbários consultados. Com base em marcadores nuclear (ITS) e plastidiais (ndhF e matK) uma filogenia molecular incluindo a espécie descrita é apresentada. O seu estado de conservapáo foi avaliado de acordo com diretrizes e critérios da IUCN. Resultados: Nothoscordum itapetinga apresenta filamentos estaminais livres, uma característica típica da sepáo Nothoscordum. Seu posicionamento nesta sepáo também é suportado por dados moleculares e número cromossomico básico. Sáo fornecidos seu número cromossomico, fórmula cariotípica e conteúdo total de DNA. Comentários sobre sua distribuipáo, hábitat e conservapáo sáo apresentados. Conclusoes: Com base nos dados disponíveis, a nova espécie é considerada Criticamente em Perigo de extinpáo. As localidades de ocorréncia sofreram décadas de impactos do uso intensivo e náo ordenado, além de incendios florestais, e que alteraram parte de sua estrutura e composipáo florística. Apees urgentes sáo consideradas fundamentais para garantir a sobrevivéncia das populapóes remanescentes de N. itapetinga.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza la trayectoria de vida de Antonio Varela, hombre pardo, hijo de una mujer manumitida, nacido en el año 1805, Capitán de la Guardia Nacional, señor de esclavos y reconocido propietario de tierras en la Villa de Piranga, antiguo distrito del municipio de Mariana, en Minas Gerais. A partir de sus relaciones familiares, de compadrazgo y de vecindad en torno a la propiedad de la tierra, este artículo demuestra lo caminos de la movilidad social y las estrategias del ascenso económico, explorando una trayectoria que estuvo restricta a una sociabilidad cotidiana geográficamente erigida. De esta forma, este artículo evidencia una cartografía de la libertad y del ascenso económico y social, dando destaque a los nuevos espacios de sociabilidad que permitieron un nuevo lugar social para Varela en la jerarquía local. pardo manumitida 1805 Nacional Piranga Mariana Gerais familiares tierra erigida forma local 180 18 1

ABSTRACT The paper examines the life of Antônio Varela, born in 1805, a pardo man whose mother was a freed woman, who became captain of the National Guardo of Brazilian Imperial State, a slave master, and a major landowner in the village of Piranga, a former district of the municipality of Mariana in Minas Gerais. This paper discusses his relationships with family, god parentage, and neighbors in the area where he owned land. In doing so, it highlights the routes of social mobility and economic ascension strategies, and explores the geographically-structured quotidian sociability that circumscribed his life course. This paper presents a cartography of freedom and socioeconomic ascension, emphasizing the new spaces of sociability that enabled Varela to raise his standing in the local hierarchy. 1805 woman State master Piranga Gerais family parentage land so strategies geographicallystructured geographically structured course hierarchy 180 18 1

RESUMO O artigo analisa a trajetória de vida de Antônio Varela, homem pardo, filho de uma mulher alforriada, nascido no ano de 1805, capitão da Guarda Nacional, senhor de escravos e reconhecido proprietário de terras na vila da Piranga, antigo distrito do município de Mariana, em Minas Gerais. A partir de suas relações familiares, de compadrio e de vizinhança em torno da posse da terra, este artigo demonstra os caminhos da mobilidade social e as estratégias da ascensão econômica, explorando uma trajetória que esteve circunscrita a uma sociabilidade cotidiana geograficamente erigida. Assim, este artigo evidencia uma cartografia da liberdade e da ascensão econômica e social, dando destaque aos novos espaços de sociabilidade que permitiram um novo lugar social para Varela na hierarquia local. pardo alforriada 1805 Nacional Piranga Mariana Gerais familiares terra erigida Assim local 180 18 1

Abstract Disorderly use of water resources has led to depletion, causing environmental and social issues. A relevant aspect to be observed in water supply systems is physical losses which occur during the system’s entire operational process. Many different software packages allow simulations of pressures and flow in water networks. The most used is EPANET. The epanet2toolkit is a recently developed R package that performs the interaction between EPANET and R. Based on this tool, a set of functions is developed to study and evaluate a theoretical network. The objective is to find an ideal network configuration (design) mainly for pressure management which simultaneously reduces physical losses. Water network parameters, such as roughness, reservoir levels, and diameters are used as parameters. A Monte Carlo simulation is generated, based on random values of these network parameters. From these, an ideal pressure scenario is found, resulting in a reduction of 11.6% in the occurrence of physical losses concerning the base case. depletion issues system s process networks epanettoolkit epanet toolkit tool design (design parameters roughness levels generated found 116 11 6 11.6 case 1 11.

Resumo O uso desordenado dos recursos hídricos tem levado ao esgotamento, resultando no surgimento de questões ambientais e sociais. Um aspecto relevante a ser observado nos sistemas de abastecimento de água são as perdas físicas que ocorrem durante todo o processo operacional do sistema. Muitos pacotes de software diferentes permitem simulações de pressões e fluxos em redes de água. O mais utilizado é o EPANET. O epanet2toolkit é um pacote R recentemente desenvolvido que realiza a interação entre EPANET e R. Com base nesta ferramenta, são desenvolvidos um conjunto de funções para estudar e avaliar uma rede teórica. O objetivo é encontrar uma configuração de rede ideal (projeto) principalmente para gerenciamento de pressão que reduza simultaneamente as perdas físicas. Os elementos da rede hídrica, como rugosidade, níveis dos reservatórios e diâmetros são utilizados como parâmetros. Uma simulação de Monte Carlo é gerada, com base em valores aleatórios dos parâmetros desta rede. A partir destes, é encontrado um cenário de pressão ideal, resultando em uma redução de 11,6% na ocorrência de perdas físicas em relação ao caso base. esgotamento sociais sistema epanettoolkit epanet toolkit ferramenta teórica projeto (projeto hídrica rugosidade gerada destes 116 11 6 11,6 1 11,