ABSTRACT Purpose Evaluate three standard operational procedures (SOPs), regarding the application of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test, implemented by the Audiology Department of the Center for Studies in Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH) through the application of a questionnaire and to verify whether the SOPs are effective and assess the necessity for improvement. Methods The study was conducted in three phases: in the first phase, eight speech-language pathologists and seven physicians, with no experience in BAEP, were instructed to read and perform each SOP, eventually all individuals evaluated the SOPs by responding to a questionnaire; in the second phase, the questionnaires were analyzed and the three SOP texts were reviewed; in the third phase, nine speech-language pathologists and six physicians, also with no experience in BAEP, read and re-evaluated the reviewed SOPs through a questionnaire. Results In the first phase, difficulties in understanding the texts were found, raising doubts about the procedures; however, every participant was able to perform the procedure as a whole. In the third phase, after the review, all individuals were able to perform the procedures appropriately and continuously without any doubts. Conclusion The assessment of the SOPs by questionnaires showed the need for adaptation in the texts. After the texts were reviewed according to the suggestions of the health professionals, it was possible to observe that the SOPs assisted in the execution of the task, which was conducted without any difficulties or doubts, being regarded effective and ensuring quality to the service offered.

This is a case study held in Ponta Grossa Municipality, Parana State/Brazil in 2005. It aimed to: promote breast-feeding among pregnant teenagers, as well as to follow up and evaluate breast-feeding quality; verify the difficulties found and provide guidance in order to avoid early waning. The subjects of this study were five teenagers, between thirteen and eighteen years of age, in the third trimester of gestation, and performing their prenatal. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire during the gestational period, and after guiding lectures. In the puerperal period, three home visits were held, and applied a semi-structured interview containing closed and open questions. The research pointed out the following difficulties found by the subjects: pain, fissure and mammary ingurgitation. All of them were breast-feeding in our last visit, free-frequency, and reported their intention to continue for over six months. Results evidenced that follow-up is essential, mainly among teenagers, in gestational as well as puerperal periods for them to realize the importance of breastfeeding, thus preventing early waning. Therefore, health professionals, especially nurses, must be able to advise and assist the practice of breast-feeding.

Es un estudio de caso, de carácter cualitativo que tuvo como objetivos promover el amamantamiento materno entre gestantes adolescentes y así realizar el acompañamiento, evaluar la cualidad del amamantamiento, verificar las dificultades encontradas y proveer orientaciones de modo que el destete precoz fuera evitado. Los sujetos de la investigación fueron cinco adolescentes entre 13 y 18 años, en el tercero trimestre de gestación y que habían realizado el prenatal en el Centro Municipal da Mulher, Ponta Grossa, PR. Los dados fueron colectados por medio de aplicación de cuestionario durante la gestación, y después, fueron realizadas orientaciones por medio de conferencias. En puerperio se realizaron tres visitas en la casa de las adolescentes, y se hizo una entrevista conteniendo preguntas abiertas y cerradas. La investigación mostró que las dificultades encontradas por ellas fueron: dolor, rajas y problemas mamarios. Todas estaban amamantando en la última visita y, sólo una de ellas no exclusivamente. La frecuencia era de libre demanda y las adolescentes relataron pretender amamantar por un periodo mayor que los seis meses. Los resultados mostran que es fundamental el acompañamiento de las madres, principalmente las adolescentes, tanto en la gestación cuanto en el puerperio, para que el amamantamiento sea eficaz y el destete precoz sea evitado. Así, es necesario que los profesionales de la salud, principalmente de enfermería, estén aptos a orientar y ayudar en la práctica del amamantamiento materno.

Estudo de caso realizado em 2005, em Ponta Grossa. Os objetivos foram: promover o aleitamento materno entre gestantes adolescentes; avaliar a qualidade da amamentação; verificar as dificuldades encontradas na amamentação e fornecer orientações para que o desmame precoce seja evitado. Participaram cinco adolescentes entre 13 e 18 anos, no terceiro trimestre gestacional, e que realizavam o Pré-Natal. Os dados foram coletados mediante um questionário durante o período gestacional e após realizadas orientações por meio de palestras. No período puerperal foram realizadas três visitas domiciliares para cada adolescente e uma entrevista semi-estruturada. As dificuldades relatadas foram: dor, fissura e ingurgitamento mamário. Todas estavam amamentando na última visita com livre demanda e relataram pretender amamentar por um período maior que seis meses. Os resultados mostram que é fundamental o acompanhamento, principalmente de adolescentes, no período gestacional e puerperal, com vistas a conscientização da importância da amamentação e de que o desmame precoce seja evitado. Para isso é necessário que os profissionais da saúde, principalmente da Enfermagem, estejam aptos a orientar e auxiliar na prática do aleitamento materno.

A metionina-enceflalina (Met-Ehk) é um pentapeptídeo opióide derivado do pró-normônio proencefalina A. presente em células neuroendócrinas e hematopoéticas. Estudos experimentais evidenciam seu papel na indução, ativação e controle de eventos imunomodula-dores, inclusive com potente efeito inibidor do crescimento tumoral. O presente estudo demonstra que o efeito inibidor da Met-Enk no crescimento de um fibro-histiocitoma, em camundongos BALB/cJ, é influenciado pelo protocolo utilizado, via de administração e dose do pentapeptídeo opióide utilizada no tratamento. A administração de Met_Enk por via intracerebral retardou de forma eficiente o processo de tumorigênese, aumentando a sobrevida dos animais e reduzindo de forma significativa a área tumoral final. Dose baixa (0,25 mg/kg) de Met-Enk administrada por via intracerebral foi ainda mais potente no controle da tumorigênese.

Methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) is an endogenous opioid pentapeptide derived from the prohormone proenkephalin A, present in neuroendocrine and hematopoietic cells. Enkephalins are known to play an important role on the processes of induction, activation and control of immunomodulatory events. Met-Enk has been considered a potent antitumoral agent. The present study shows that Met-Enk exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of a macrophage derived fibrous histiocytoma (MC-II) inoculated intradermally into BALB/cJ mice. Such effect was mainly influenced by the protocol, route of administration and concentration of Met-Enk used for treatment. Neither higher doses of Met-Enk injected intracerebrally or subcutaneously, nor the use of various protocols of treatment, did modify the process of tumorigenesis. In contrast, low dose (0.25mg/kg) of Met-Enk injected intracerebrally together with tumor inoculation, significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival rate.