Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and sheep to the anthelmintic drugs levamisole, ivermectin, and albendazole in the metropolitan region of São Luís Island, Maranhão, Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 150 animals across four different farms; two farms had goats, and the other two had sheep. The samples were then randomly divided into three to four groups of 10 animals: Group I: control, without treatment; Group II: ivermectin treatment; Group III: levamisole treatment; and Group IV: albendazole treatment. Stool samples were collected from the rectal ampulla one day before treatment and 10 days after anthelmintic treatment. Individual coproparasitological examinations were performed using the modified McMaster technique at the Animal Health Laboratory of the Federal Institute of Maranhão, Campus São Luís-Maracanã. The efficacies of the anthelmintic drugs against gastrointestinal nematodes in goats and sheep were: 14.28%, and 13.6% for ivermectin; 0% and 79.4% for levamisole; and 59.8% and 3.43% for albendazole, respectively Gastrointestinal nematodes demonstrated multiple anthelmintic resistance, as the percentage reduction in egg count was less than 95% and the lower limit of the confidence interval was less than 90%. Island Maranhão Brazil 15 1 I control II III IV LuísMaracanã. LuísMaracanã Maracanã. Maracanã Luís-Maracanã 1428 14 28 14.28% 136 13 6 13.6 0 794 79 4 79.4 598 59 8 59.8 343 3 43 3.43 95 90 90% 142 2 14.28 13. 7 79. 5 59. 34 3.4 9 14.2 3. 14.

Resumo Objetivou-se determinar a resistência de nematoides gastrintestinais aos anti-helmínticos levamisol, ivermectina e albendazol em caprinos e ovinos da região metropolitana da Ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 150 animais de quatro propriedades diferentes, sendo 2 com caprinos e 2 com ovinos, e aleatoriamente distribuídos de três a quatro grupos de 10 animais: Grupo I: grupo controle, sem tratamento. Grupo II: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de ivermectina, administrado oralmente na dose de 200 mcg/kg; Grupo III: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de levamisol, administrado oralmente na dose de 7,5mg/kg e Grupo IV: tratado com anti-helmíntico à base de albendazol administrado oralmente na dose de 3mg/kg. Amostras de fezes foram colhidas da ampola retal um dia antes do tratamento e 10 dias após o tratamento anti-helmíntico. Foram feitos exames coproparasitológicos individuais, pela técnica de McMaster modificada, no Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, do Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), Campus São Luís-Maracanã. A ivermectina, na espécie caprina, mostrou eficácia de 14,28%, enquanato para ovina, 13,6 e 52,2%. Considerando o levamisol na espécie caprina, não apresentou eficácia contra os nematoides gastrintestinais, enquanto para ovinos, apresentou eficácia de 79,4%. Já o albendazol, apresentou eficácia de 59,8% para caprinos, e 3,43% para ovinos. Os nematoides gastrintestinais demonstraram resistência múltipla (RAM), visto que a percentagem de redução da contagem de ovos foi inferior a 95% e o limite inferior do intervalo de confiança menor do que 90%. Objetivouse Objetivou se antihelmínticos anti helmínticos Luís Brasil 15 diferentes 1 I controle II antihelmíntico helmíntico 20 mcg/kg mcgkg mcg kg III 75mgkg mgkg 7 5mg mg IV 3mgkg 3mg 3mg/kg antihelmíntico. helmíntico. individuais modificada Animal IFMA, IFMA , (IFMA) LuísMaracanã. LuísMaracanã Maracanã. Maracanã Luís-Maracanã caprina 1428 14 28 14,28% ovina 136 13 6 13, 522 52 52,2% 794 79 4 79,4% 598 59 8 59,8 343 3 43 3,43 RAM, RAM (RAM) 95 90 90% (IFMA 142 14,28 5 52,2 79,4 59, 34 3,4 (RAM 9 14,2 52, 79, 3, 14,

Abstract Introduction Clinical assessment in orofacial motricity is required for the speech therapist to diagnose and treat disorders involving the stomatognathic system. Validated tools can help establish a prognosis and outline intervention methods connected to human development. Objective The goal of the present study was to examine the domains of the oromyofunctional assessment of nursing infants and preschoolers according to sex and age group, as well as the application of the MMBGR Protocol – Nursing Infants and Preschool Children. Methods A quantitative technique was used to conduct an analytical and cross-sectional investigation. The present study included a total of 214 healthy breastfeeding infants and preschoolers of both sexes. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the medians. The Spearman correlation of each test domain was determined. R Core Team 2021 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria) was used, and the significance threshold was set at 5%. Results In intraoral and extraoral examinations, there was a difference between sexes for tongue scores in nursing infants(d =-0.428; p = 0.045), worse in males. When the orofacial functions were considered in nursing infants, there were differences between the sexes for the liquid/solid/semisolid deglutition scores (d = 0.479; p = 0.031), with females performing worse. There were sex differences in solid/semisolid deglutition (d = -0.335; p = 0.043), and speech in preschoolers (d = - 0.478; p = 0.034), including the production of phones/phonemes (d = - 0.599; p = 0.007), which were always worse in males. Conclusion The research revealed sex disparities and related the domains of oromyofunctional assessment, according to scores, of the domains of myofunctional assessment, as recorded in a standardized oromyofunctional assessment protocol by age group. system development group Children crosssectional cross sectional investigation 21 MannWhitney Mann Whitney medians determined 202 Foundation Vienna Austria 5 5% examinations infantsd d =0.428 0428 0.428 0 428 =-0.428 0.045, 0045 0.045 , 045 0.045) males liquidsolidsemisolid liquid solid semisolid 0.479 0479 479 0.031, 0031 0.031 031 0.031) solidsemisolid 0.335 0335 335 -0.335 0.043, 0043 0.043 043 0.043) 0.478 0478 478 0.034, 0034 0.034 034 0.034) phonesphonemes phones phonemes 0.599 0599 599 0.007, 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 2 20 =0.42 042 0.42 42 =-0.42 004 0.04 04 0.47 047 47 003 0.03 03 0.33 033 33 -0.33 0.59 059 59 000 0.00 00 =0.4 0.4 4 =-0.4 0.0 0.3 3 -0.3 0.5 05 =0. 0. =-0. -0. =0 =-0 -0 =-

Abstract Aim: The influence of sleep on the adaptability and relearning rate during learning of complex motor skills is still unknown, limiting the comprehension of the sleep role in motor memory consolidation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the nocturnal sleep influence on retention, adaptability, and relearning rate of the dart-throwing task. Methods: Sixty healthy adults were divided into two groups: SLEEP and WAKE. Both groups practiced an under-arm dart-throwing task. However, WAKE practiced in the morning and performed a retention phase in the evening, and SLEEP practiced in the evening and performed a retention phase in the morning of the next day. The practice and retention phases were separated by 12 h in both groups. There were analyses regarding retention (retention test), adaptability (delayed transfer test), and relearning rate (savings). Results: Both groups improved their performance across the acquisition phase and maintained it in the retention test. The groups did not demonstrate adaptability and did not demonstrate a significant difference in relearning rate. Conclusion: We conclude that nocturnal sleep did not modulate the consolidation of motor memories related to ballistic discrete motor skills.

Resumo Fundamento Alterações do substrato elétrico e anatômico do coração são fatores que originam e perpetuam a fibrilação atrial (FA), porém, os mecanismos envolvidos não foram totalmente elucidados ainda. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel do remodelamento do sistema nervoso cardíaco intrínseco (SNCI), incluindo fibras nervosas e receptores muscarínicos e β-adrenérgicos, na FA permanente humana. Métodos Foram avaliadas 4 amostras em átrios de 13 corações obtidos em necrópsias de pacientes com doença cardíaca e FA permanente, e em 13 controles com as mesmas doenças, porém, sem FA. Utilizando imunoperoxidase e histomorfometria, quantificamos a densidade das fibras do SNCI, bem como a porcentagem positiva de miocárdio para receptores β-adrenérgicos 1, 2 e 3, receptor quinase 5 acoplado à proteína G (GRK-5), e receptores muscarínicos 1 a 5. Os resultados foram comparados usando ANOVA e ANOVA hierarquizada e ajustados pelo volume do átrio esquerdo e, para avaliação da expressão de receptores β e GRK-5, pelo uso de β-bloqueadores. Adotamos como significativo α = 0,05. Resultados Houve aumento na densidade das fibras ( p <0,01), especialmente nas fibras simpáticas ( p =0,02). Quanto aos receptores muscarínicos, só houve diferença nos M1, que estavam aumentados (5,87±4,52 vs 2,85±2,40; p =0,03). Quanto aos componentes do sistema adrenérgicos analisados, houve expressão aumentada de β-3 (37,41 vs 34,18, p =0,04) e GRK-5 (51,16 vs 47,66; p<0,01). O uso de β-bloqueadores não teve impacto na expressão de receptores beta. Conclusão O aumento na inervação do SNCI e a alteração na expressão de receptores em regiões suscetíveis de desencadear FA podem ter um papel na fibrilação atrial permanente.

Abstract Background The primary factors that originate and perpetuate atrial fibrillation (AF) are electrical and anatomical substrate alterations. However, the central mechanisms governing AF perpetuation have not been elucidated yet, which is reflected on the modest results of the treatment in patients with long persistent AF. Objective To evaluate if human intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ICANS) remodeling, including nervous system fibers and muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors, play a role in permanent AF. Methods Heart necropsy samples from thirteen patients with heart disease and permanent AF and thirteen controls without AF were used. By using immunoperoxidase and histomorphometry quantification, we identified the following: the density of all fibers of the ICANS, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers; and the percentage of myocardium positive for β-adrenergic receptors 1, 2 and 3; G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5 (GRK-5); and muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. The results were compared using ANOVA and nested ANOVA and were adjusted according to the left atrium volume for all variables, and β-blocker use to evaluate the expression of β-receptors and GRK-5. Results There was an overall increase in the density of fibers of the ICANS (p=0.006), especially in atrial sympathetic nerve fibers (p=0.017). Only M1 muscarinic receptors were increased (5.87 vs 2.35, p=0.032). For adrenergic receptors, the results were positive for increased expression of β-3 (37.41 vs 34.18, p=0.039) and GRK-5 (51.16 vs 47.66; p<0.001). β-blocker use had no impact on β-receptor expression. Conclusion Increased ICANS innervation and remodeling receptor expression in regions prone to triggering AF may play a role in permanent AF.

Abstract Paper aims To fulfill risk-based thinking (RBT), most companies opt for widespread methods as FMEA, even with their limitations. This research aims to develop a model for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) relying on literature, practical and normative aspects, to accomplish RBT required by ISO 9001:2015. Originality This study represents an original contribution once its analysis and results guide a highlighted need in the literature. By discussing RBT from three different perspectives, this paper provides relevant insights for researchers and practitioners in quality and risk management. Research method The action research was conducted within a Brazilian SME, where the risk management model was implemented and analyzed through five cycles. The techniques to collect data were participant observation, documentary analysis, and semi-structured interviews, analyzed through attribute agreement analysis. Main findings Unlike the isolated use of widespread methods, this model contains all the aspects needed for RBT. Its applicability is directly related to the level of experience on risks and ISO 9001, emphasizing the organizational aspects needed. Implications for theory and practice A comprehensive model allows SMEs to understand better the concepts associated with RBT while incorporating an adapted approach to their contexts. Researchers can use the model to analyze its applicability for SMEs from different contexts.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o uso da resina de poliéster na preservação de peças anatômicas para estudo da anatomia humana. MÉTODOS: foram utilizadas 150 peças anatômicas, sendo as mesmas não fixadas (frescas), fixadas em formol a 10% e moldes vasculares de órgãos injetados com acetato de vinil e a resina de poliéster. A solução utilizada foi composta de resina de poliéster com seu diluente monômero de estireno e catalisador (peroxol). Foram obtidos, após a inclusão nesta solução, modelos em resina transparente, que permitiam a plena observação das estruturas e conservação da peça utilizada. RESULTADOS: na avaliação das peças, foi observado grau de extrema transparência, promovendo uma completa visualização das estruturas com a perfeita preservação da anatomia. A duração média para a completa finalização da inclusão foi 48 horas. Apenas 14 peças (9,3%) foram inutilizadas durante o preparo. CONCLUSÃO: a resina de poliéster pode ser utilizada para a preservação de peças anatômicas para o ensino da anatomia humana, de maneira prática, estética e duradoura.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of polyester resin in preserving anatomical specimens for the study of human anatomy. METHODS: We used 150 anatomical specimens, comprised of unfixed (fresh), fixed in 10% formalin and vascular casts of organs injected with vinyl acetate and polyester resin. The solution used consisted of polyester resin with the diluent styrene monomer and catalyst (peroxol). After embedding in this solution, models in transparent resin were obtained, allowing full observation of structures and conservation of the specimens used. RESULTS: upon evaluation of the specimens, we observed a high degree of transparency, which promoted a complete visualization of structures with perfect preservation of the anatomy. The average time for the completion of the embedding was 48 hours. Only 14 specimens (9.3%) were lost during the preparation. CONCLUSION: Polyester resin can be used for preserving anatomical specimens for teaching human anatomy in a practical, aesthetic and durable way.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta histológica após a implantação de dois tipos de cerâmicas bioativas em defeitos criados na tíbia de ratos. Dezesseis ratos da raça Wistar, pesando 300g, foram divididos em dois grupos: PerioGlass (PG) (n=8) e Biogran (BG) (n=8). Defeitos ósseos unicorticais de 3 mm de diâmetro foram realizados na tíbia dos animais e preenchidos com os dois tipos de partículas cerâmicas. Os animais foram sacrificados aos 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias no pós-operatório. O material preparado para processamento e exame histológico em microscopia óptica foi corado com hematoxilina-eosina e tricrômio de Mallory. Aos 7 dias ambos os grupos apresentaram septos ósseos neoformados, mais intensos no grupo PG. Isto também foi observado aos 14 dias. Nos períodos posteriores (30 e 60 dias), ambos os grupos apresentaram tecido ósseo mais maduro ao redor das partículas cerâmicas. As trabéculas ósseas formadas em todos os períodos experimentais foram justapostas com as partículas. Podemos concluir que ambos os materiais promoveram o preenchimento ósseo em toda a extensão do defeito independente de suas granulações comprovando suas propriedades osteocondutivas.

The main goal of this study was to histologically evaluate the healing of surgically created defects on the tibiae of adult male rats after implantation of two types of bioactive glass. Sixteen adult Wistar rats (body weight of 300g) were divided into two groups: PerioGlas (PG) (n=8) and BioGran (BG) (n=8). Unicortical bone defects with 3-mm diameter were performed in both tibiae of the animals and filled with two types of glass particles. The rats were then sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days, and the tissues were prepared for histological processing, sectioning, and staining with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Mallory trichrome, and analyzed under light microscope. Within 7-14 days, both groups presented connective tissue septa with new bone formation, more intense in the PG group. In the subsequent periods (30 and 60 days), both groups presented more mature bone tissue around the glass particles. Bone trabeculae formed in all experimental periods were juxtaposed to the glass particles. It can be concluded that both materials promoted comparable bone formation over the entire extension of the defect, independently of the size of the granules, thus confirming their biological osteoconductive property.

A regeneração periodontal e do rebordo ósseo utilizando barreiras físicas são procedimentos bem estabelecidos em cirurgias reconstrutivas. As características do biomaterial e o desenho da membrana empregados na regeneração tecidual guiada desempenham um papel importante na obtenção de bons resultados. O objetivo deste estudo experimental histológico foi comparar o uso de dois tipos de barreiras físicas na regeneração óssea guiada em defeitos criados na tíbia de ratos. Quinze animais foram divididos em três grupos: grupo I (barreira não-porosa de politetrafluoretileno), grupo II (blocos de hidroxiapatita de coral) e grupo III (controle que não recebeu nenhuma barreira). A análise histológica demonstrou várias quantidades de osso neoformado com ambos os tipos de barreiras. A barreira de politetrafluoretileno mostrou melhores resultados do que a hidroxiapatita. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a regeneração óssea pode ser conseguida com a técnica de submersão da barreira física.

Regeneration of periodontal and alveolar ridge defects utilizing membranes is a well-established procedure in reconstructive surgery. Biomaterial characteristics and membrane design employed in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) techniques play an important role in good results. The purpose of this histologic experimental study in rats was to compare the use of two physical barriers in the osteopromotion by using GTR principles in bone defects created in tibias. Fifteen animals divided into 3groups were used: group I (non-porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) barrier), group II (coral hydroxyapatite (HA) blocks), and group III (defects that received no physical barrier). Histological examination showed varied amounts of newly formed bone beneath both types of barriers. The non-porous PTFE barrier showed better results than the HA group. The results of this study suggest that bone regeneration can be successfully enhanced by a submerged membrane technique.