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Detection of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus anthracis-like spores in soil from state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Salgado, Jacqueline RS

; Rabinovitch, Leon

; Gomes, Maria de Fátima dos S

; Allil, Regina Celia da SB

; Werneck, Marcelo Martins

; Rodrigues, Rafael B

; Picão, Renata C

; Oliveira Luiz, Fernanda Baptista de

; Vivoni, Adriana M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e200370

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Bacillus anthracis is the aetiologic agent of anthrax, a re-emerging, septicaemic, haemorrhagic and lethal disease that affects humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife. Plasmids pXO1 and pXO2 are attributes that confer pathogenicity to B. anthracis strains. This bacterium was used as biological weapon in the World Wars and in the biological attack in the United States of America at 2001. B. anthracis is classified as a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention. Anthrax is recognised as a re-emerging disease. Several studies concerning the dynamics of B. anthracis cycle in soil revealed that nonpathogenic B. anthracis strains due to lack of pXO2 plasmid are commonly found in some types of soil. OBJECTIVES This study aimed isolation and identification of B. anthracis spores in soil samples of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic approaches were used to identify isolates including MALDI-TOF/MS, motility test, susceptibility to gamma phage and penicillin, survey for pag and cap genes as surrogates of pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids, respectively, and sequencing of 16SrRNA-encoding gene. Physicochemical analysis of the soil samples were carried out to describe soil characteristics. FINDINGS We observed the presence of one B. anthracis pXO1+ and pXO2- isolated from clay loam soil; one B. anthracis-like strain pXO1+ and pXO2-isolated from loamy sand; and 10 Bacillus spp. strains sensitive to phage-gamma that need better characterisation to define which their species were recovered from loamy sand. MAIN CONCLUSIONS This work showed promising results and it was the first study to report results from an active surveillance for B. anthracis in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200370 633 downloads

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents
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Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Szklo, Moyses

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Vasconcellos, Maurício T L de

; Moraes, Ana Júlia Pantoja de

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M

; Muniz, Pascoal Torres

; Jardim, Paulo César B Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr, Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Martins, Stella Maris Seixas

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 11s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e de seus componentes em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS Foram avaliados 37.504 adolescentes, participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (ERICA), estudo transversal de âmbito nacional e de base escolar. Os adolescentes, de 12 a 17 anos de idade, residiam em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A amostra foi estratificada e conglomerada em escolas e turmas. Os critérios da International Diabetes Federation foram utilizados para definir síndrome metabólica. Prevalências de síndrome metabólica foram estimadas segundo sexo, faixa etária, tipo de escola e estado nutricional. RESULTADOS Dos 37.504 adolescentes, 50,2% eram do sexo feminino; 54,3% tinham de 15 a 17 anos e 73,3% estudavam em escolas públicas. A prevalência nacional de síndrome metabólica foi 2,6% (IC95% 2,3-2,9), discretamente maior no sexo masculino e naqueles de 15 a 17 anos na maioria das macrorregiões. A prevalência foi a maior nos residentes na macrorregião Sul, nas adolescentes mais jovens e nos adolescentes mais velhos. A prevalência foi maior nas escolas públicas (2,8% [IC95% 2,4-3,2]) que nas escolas privadas (1,9% [IC95% 1,4-2,4]) e nos adolescentes obesos em comparação aos não obesos. As combinações de componentes mais frequentes, respondendo por 3/4 das combinações, foram: circunferência de cintura elevada, HDL-colesterol baixo e pressão arterial elevada, seguida de circunferência da cintura elevada, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c) baixo e triglicerídeos elevados, e wpor circunferência da cintura elevada, HDL baixa e triacilgliceróis e pressão arterial elevados. A HDL baixa foi o segundo componente mais frequente, mas a maior prevalência de síndrome metabólica (26,8%) foi observada na presença de triglicerídeos elevado. CONCLUSÕES O ERICA é o primeiro estudo nacional a apresentar prevalências de síndrome metabólica e descrever a participação dos seus componentes. Apesar de a prevalência da síndrome metabólica ter sido baixa, as altas prevalências de alguns componentes e de participação de outros na composição da síndrome torna importante o diagnóstico precoce de tais alterações, mesmo que não agrupadas na síndrome metabólica.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated 37,504 adolescents who were participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional, school-based, national study. The adolescents, aged from 12 to 17 years, lived in cities with populations greater than 100,000 inhabitants. The sample was stratified and clustered into schools and classes. The criteria set out by the International Diabetes Federation were used to define metabolic syndrome. Prevalences of metabolic syndrome were estimated according to sex, age group, school type and nutritional status. RESULTS Of the 37,504 adolescents who were evaluated: 50.2% were female; 54.3% were aged from 15 to 17 years, and 73.3% were from public schools. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 2.6% (95%CI 2.3-2.9), slightly higher in males and in those aged from 15 to 17 years in most macro-regions. The prevalence was the highest in residents from the South macro-region, in the younger female adolescents and in the older male adolescents. The prevalence was higher in public schools (2.8% [95%CI 2.4-3.2]), when compared with private schools (1.9% [95%CI 1.4-2.4]) and higher in obese adolescents when compared with nonobese ones. The most common combinations of components, referring to 3/4 of combinations, were: enlarged waist circumference (WC), low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) and high blood pressure; followed by enlarged WC, low HDL-c and high triglycerides; and enlarged WC, low HDL-c, high triglycerides and blood pressure. Low HDL was the second most frequent component, but the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (26.8%) was observed in the presence of high triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS ERICA is the first Brazilian nation-wide study to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and describe the role of its components. Despite the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome being low, the high prevalences of some components and participation of others in the syndrome composition shows the importance of early diagnosis of this changes, even if not grouped within the metabolic syndrome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701 1789 downloads

ERICA: prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adolescents
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Kuschnir, Maria Cristina C

; Bloch, Katia Vergetti

; Szklo, Moyses

; Klein, Carlos Henrique

; Barufaldi, Laura Augusta

; Abreu, Gabriela de Azevedo

; Schaan, Beatriz

; Veiga, Gloria Valeria da

; Silva, Thiago Luiz Nogueira da

; Vasconcellos, Maurício T L de

; Moraes, Ana Júlia Pantoja de

; Oliveira, Ana Mayra Andrade de

; Tavares, Bruno Mendes

; Oliveira, Cecília Lacroix de

; Cunha, Cristiane de Freitas

; Giannini, Denise Tavares

; Belfort, Dilson Rodrigues

; Santos, Eduardo Lima

; Leon, Elisa Brosina de

; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

; Fujimori, Elizabeth

; Borges, Ana Luíza

; Magliano, Erika da Silva

; Vasconcelos, Francisco de Assis Guedes

; Azevedo, George Dantas

; Brunken, Gisela Soares

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Britto

; Faria Neto, José Rocha

; Oliveira, Juliana Souza

; Carvalho, Kenia Mara B de

; Gonçalves, Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira

; Monteiro, Maria Inês

; Santos, Marize M

; Muniz, Pascoal Torres

; Jardim, Paulo César B Veiga

; Ferreira, Pedro Antônio Muniz

; Montenegro Jr, Renan Magalhães

; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz

; Vianna, Rodrigo Pinheiro

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Mary

; Martins, Stella Maris Seixas

; Goldberg, Tamara Beres Lederer

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2016, Volume 50 Supl. 1 elocation 11s

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/s01518-8787.2016050006701 11875 downloads

Presence of maternal anti-HBs antibodies does not influence hepatitis B vaccine response in Brazilian neonates
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Junqueira, Ana Luiza N

; Tavares, Viviane R

; Martins, Regina MB

; Frauzino, Kamilla V

; Costa e Silva, Agabo M da

; Rodrigues, Izolina MX

; Minamisava, Ruth

; Teles, Sheila A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2011, Volume 106 Nº 1 Páginas 113 - 116

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Recently, it was suggested that maternal hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs) acquired transplacentally could play a negative role in newborn infants' immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine. We compared the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine response in infants born to mothers previously vaccinated against HBV (n = 91) to infants born to mothers who were not previously vaccinated (n = 221). All newborn infants received three intramuscular doses (10 μg) of HBV vaccine (Butang®) at 0,1 and six months. The first dose was administered at the maternity hospital within 12 h of birth. The geometric mean titres of anti-HBs were not different among newborn infants born to mothers who were anti-HBs-negative (492.7 mIU/mL) and anti-HBs-positive (578.7 mIU/mL) (p = 0.38). Eight infants did not respond to the HBV vaccine. Of them, six were born to anti-HBs-negative mothers and two were born to mothers with anti-HBs titres less than 50 mlU/mL. Despite the mother's anti-HBs-positive status, our data show a good immunogenicity of the Brazilian HBV recombinant vaccine in neonates.

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Prevalência, fatores de risco e genótipos da hepatite C entre usuários de drogas
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Lopes, Carmen L R

; Teles, Sheila A

; Espírito-Santo, Márcia P

; Lampe, Elisabete

; Rodrigues, Fabiana P

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita C

; Marinho, Thaís A

; Reis, Nádia R

; Silva, Ágabo M C

; Martins, Regina M B

Revista de Saúde Pública

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Ago 2009, Volume 43 Supl. 1 Páginas 43 - 50

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em usuários de drogas e identificar os genótipos e subtipos virais circulantes. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado com 691 usuários de drogas de 26 centros de tratamento de uso de drogas filantrópicos, particulares e públicos de Goiânia (GO) e Campo Grande (MS), entre 2005 e 2006. Dados sociodemográficos e fatores de risco para infecção pelo HCV foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas. Amostras sangüíneas foram testadas para a detecção de anticorpos para o HCV. As amostras positivas foram submetidas à detecção do RNA-HCV pela reação em cadeia da polimerase com iniciadores complementares às regiões 5' NC e NS5B do genoma viral e genotipadas pelo line probe assay (LiPA) e por seqüenciamento direto, seguido de análise filogenética. Prevalência e odds ratio foram calculados com intervalo de 95% de confiança. Os fatores de risco com p<0,10 pela análise univariada foram analisados por regressão logística hierárquica. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: A prevalência para anti-HCV foi 6,9% (IC 95%: 5,2;9,2). A análise multivariada de fatores de risco indicou que idade superior a 30 anos e uso injetável de drogas se mostraram associados à infecção pelo HCV. O RNA-HCV foi detectado em 85,4% (41/48) das amostras anti-HCV positivas. Trinta e três amostras foram do genótipo 1 pelo LiPA, subtipos 1a (63,4%) e 1b (17,1%), e 8 (19,5%) do genótipo 3, subtipo 3a. A análise filogenética da região NS5B mostrou que 17 (68%), 5 (20%) e 3 (12%) amostras foram dos subtipos 1a, 3a e 1b, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram uma prevalência elevada da infecção e do subtipo 1a do HCV em usuários de drogas, sendo o uso injetável de drogas o principal fator de risco para essa infecção.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and identify risk factors associated and circulating HCV genotypes and subtypes. METHODS: Study conducted including 691 drug users attending 26 charitable, private and public drug treatment centers in Goiânia and Campo Grande, central-western Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors for HCV infection were collected during interviews. Blood samples were tested for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV). Positive samples were submitted to HCV RNA detection by PCR with primers complementary to 5' NC and NS5B regions of viral genome and genotyped by line probe assay (LiPA) and direct nucleotide sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence and odds ratio were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Risk factors were first estimated in the univariate analysis (p<0.10) and then analyzed by hierarchical logistic regression. Statistical significance was assessed at a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The prevalence of anti-HCV was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.2-9.2). The multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed that age over 30 years and injecting drug use were associated with HCV infection. HCV RNA was detected in 85.4% (41/48) of anti-HCV-positive samples. Thirty-three samples were genotyped as genotype 1 by LiPA, subtypes 1a (63.4%) and 1b (17.1%), and 8 samples (19.5%) were genotype 3, subtype 3a. The phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B region showed that 17 (68%), 5 (20%), and 3 (12%) samples were subtypes 1a, 3a, and 1b, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results show a high prevalence of HCV infection and predominance of subtype 1a among drug users in Brazil. In addition, injecting drug use was a major risk factor associated with HCV infection.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C en usuarios de drogas e identificar los genotipos y subtipos virales circulantes. MÉTODOS: Estudio realizado con 691 usuarios de drogas de 26 centros de tratamiento de uso de drogas filantrópicos, particulares y públicos de Goiania y Campo Grande (Centro-Oeste), entre 2005 y 2006. Datos sociodemográficos y factores de riesgo para infección por el HCV fueron obtenidos por medio de entrevistas. Muestras sanguíneas fueron evaluadas para la detección de anticuerpos para el HCV. Las muestras positivas fueron sometidas a la detección de RNA-HCV por la reacción en cadena de polimerasa con iniciadores complementarios a las regiones 5' NC y NS5B del genoma viral y genotipadas por el line probe assay (LiPA) y por secuenciación directa, seguido del análisis filogenético. Prevalencia y odds ratio fueron calculados con intervalo de 95% de confianza. Los factores de riesgo con p<0,10 por el análisis univariado fueron analizados por regresión logística jerárquica. Valores de p<0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia para anti-HCV fue 6,9% (IC 95%:5,2;9,2). El análisis multivariado de factores de riesgo indicó que edades superiores a 30 años y uso inyectable de drogas se mostraron asociados a la infección por el HCV. El RNA-HCV fue dectado en 85,4% (41/48) de las muestras anti-HCV positivas. Treinta y tres muestras fueron del genotipo 1 por el LiPA, subtipos 1a (63,4%) y 1b (17,1%), y 8 (19,5%) del genotipo 3, subtipo 3a. El análisis filogenético de la región NS5B mostró que 17 (68%), 5 (20%) y 3 (12%) muestras fueron de los subtipos 1a, 3a y 1b, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran una prevalencia elevada de la infección y del subtipo 1a del HCV en usuarios de drogas, siendo el uso inyectable de drogas el principal factor de riesgo para esa infección.

4592 downloads

Prevalência, fatores de risco e genótipos da hepatite C entre usuários de drogas
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Lopes, Carmen L R

; Teles, Sheila A

; Espírito-Santo, Márcia P

; Lampe, Elisabete

; Rodrigues, Fabiana P

; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita C

; Marinho, Thaís A

; Reis, Nádia R

; Silva, Ágabo M C

; Martins, Regina M B

Revista de Saúde Pública

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Ago 2009, Volume 43 Supl. 1 Páginas 43 - 50

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

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Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in Afro-Brazilian isolated communities in Central Brazil
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Kozlowski, Aline G

; Motta-Castro, Ana RC

; Nascimento, Laura B

; Silva, Ágabo MC

; Teles, Sheila A

; Villar, Livia M

; Gaspar, Ana MC

; Martins, Regina MB

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2007, Volume 102 Nº 1 Páginas 121 - 123

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

To investigate hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection rates among isolated African-descendant communities in Central Brazil, 947 subjects were interviewed about demographic characteristics in all 12 isolated Afro-descendant communities existing in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil, between March 2002 and November 2003. Blood samples were collected and sera were tested for HAV antibodies (total and IgM anti-HAV) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall prevalence of HAV infection was 75.6% (95% CI: 72.7-78.3), ranging from 55.4 to 97.3%, depending on the communities studied. The prevalence of anti-HAV increased significantly with age, from 13.8% in the age 0-5 age group to 96.6% in those older than 40 years. The findings point out an intermediate endemicity of HAV infection in some Afro-Brazilian isolated communities in Central Brazil. In addition, the high proportion of susceptible young subjects could be target of future HAV vaccination programs.

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Antiretroviral resistance and genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from the Federal District, Central Brazil
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Cerqueira, Daniela M

; Amorim, Regina MS

; Silva, Ruiter R

; Camara, Geni NL

; Brígido, Marcelo M

; Martins, Cláudia RF

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Dez 2004, Volume 99 Nº 8 Páginas 877 - 882

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In the context of universal access to antiretroviral therapy, the surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity and resistance becomes pivotal. In this work our purpose was to describe the genetic variability; prevalence of drug-resistance mutations; and genotypic resistance profiles in HIV-1 infected individuals under antiretroviral treatment, from the Federal District, Brasília, Central Brazil. The entire viral protease and codons 19 to 234 of the reverse transcriptase gene from 45 HIV-1 isolates were amplified and sequenced for subtyping and genotyping. By phylogenetic analysis, 96% of the samples clustered with subtype B and the remaining 4% with HIV-1 subtype F sequences. One major protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutation, I50V, was detected in 38% of the samples. Minor mutations were also found at the protease gene: L10I/V (7%), K20M (2%), M36I (11%), L63P (20%), A71T (2%), and V77I (7%). Many mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to nucleoside or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were detected: M41L (11%), E44D (4%), D67N (11%), T69D (2%), K70R (11%), L74V (2%), L100I (4%), K103N (18%), V118I (9%), Y181C (11%), M184V (18%), G190A (4%), T215Y (4%), and K219E (4%). This study has shown that 84% of the studied population from the Federal District, showing evidences of therapy failure, presented viral genomic mutations associated with drug resistance. The main antiretrovirals to which this population showed resistance were the PI amprenavir (38%), the NNRTIs delavirdine, nevirapine (31%), and efavirenz (24%), and the NRTIs lamivudine (18%), abacavir, and zidovudine (13%).

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among an afro-descendant community in Brazil
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Motta-Castro, Ana RC

; Yoshida, Clara FT

; Lemos, Elba RS

; Oliveira, Jaqueline M

; Cunha, Rivaldo V

; Lewis-Ximenez, Lia L

; Cabello, Pedro H

; Lima, Kátia MB

; Martins, Regina MB

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Jan 2003, Volume 98 Nº 1 Páginas 13 - 17

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Furnas dos Dionísios is an Afro-Brazilian black community whose descendants were mainly fugitive slaves that established themselves in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. The population is comprised mainly of low socioeconomic individuals who are engaged in agricultural activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) and its correlation with epidemiological data obtained from the community. The studied population totaled 260 individuals with ages varying from 1 to 79 years (median 20). One hundred thirty-three (51.2%) were females and 127 (48.8%) were males. A high prevalence for anti-HBc was observed (42.7%), with present infection detected in 9.2% of the subjects who were also HB surface antigens (HBs Ag) positive; 27.3% were anti-HBc and anti-HBs reactive, and 6.2% had anti-HBc as only marker. The prevalence for anti-HBc was proportional to age, reaching its highest peak in age categories greater than 50. No serological marker was detected in children under the age of 2 years, however anti-HBc was present in 12 subjects with ages between 2 and 14 years, of these 8 (7.4%) were HBsAg positive. Among individuals over the age of 15 years, 99 were anti-HBc reactive, of these 16 (10.5%) were also HBsAg positive, thus suggesting an increased prevalence of HBV carriers among children and adolescents. The risk factors observed in this community that were significantly associated with anti-HBc positivity were age (over 20 years) and having an anti-HBc positive mother. Both HBeAg and anti-HBe were detected in 44.4% of the samples tested. HBsAg subtypes found in the studied population were adw2 (77.7%) and ayw2 (23.3%). While intrafamilial transmission was most likely responsible for HBV infection among children, other routes such as sexual contact might be considered for individuals with ages over 15 years.

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10.

Anti-HCV prevalence and risk factors analysis in pregnant women in central Brazil
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Martins, Regina M. B

; Vanderborght, Bart O. M

; Rouzere, Caroline

; Cardoso, Divina D. P

; Azevedo, Marli S. P

; Yoshida, Clara F. T

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 1995, Volume 90 Nº 1 Páginas 11 - 11

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

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