Cardanol acts to stabilize asphaltene particles in crude oil, but its derivative polycardanol, synthesized with BF3.O(C2H5)2 as initiator, exhibits divergent behavior, acting as both asphaltenes stabilizer and flocculant. This behavior could be related to structural differences in polycardanol samples. Therefore, in this work, we study the influence of some polymerization conditions (monomer purity, initiator concentration, and reaction time) on the structures and molar masses of the reaction products, and the reaction conversion. The materials were characterized by size exclusion chromatography and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance. When reacting with distilled cardanol, the conversion, the molar mass, and the homogeneity of structures increased as increasing initiator concentration in the range tested (1-3% m/m). For both monomers (different purity degrees), when using a lower initiator concentration (1% m/m), the product contained a larger amount of unreacted monomer and different structures were obtained due to the occurrence of rearrangements. The presence of triolefinic molecules in the monomer provoked crosslinked structures for higher initiator concentration (2-3% m/m). This study elucidated the differences among the reaction products of polycardanol. oil BF3.OC2H52 BF3OC2H52 BFOCH BF3.O C2H5 2 BF3 O BF C H BF3.O(C2H5) flocculant samples Therefore work time conversion resonance cardanol mass 13% 13 1 3% 3 (1-3 m/m. mm m/m . m m/m) degrees, degrees , degrees) 1% (1 m/m, rearrangements 23% 23 (2-3 OC2H52 OC BF3.OC2H5 BF3OC2H5 BF3O BFO CH C2H BF3.O(C2H5 (1- ( (2- OCH OC2H5 BF3.OC2H BF3OC2H BF3.O(C2H (2 OC2H

Abstract This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors’ highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson’s Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Our work presents a comparative study of morphological characteristics and the osteogenic potential of MC3T3-E1 cells on different modified surfaces of titanium: nanostructured TiO2 with 20 and 100 nm nanotube diameter, and sandblasting and acid etching, commercially known as SLA. Nanostructured TiO2surface was prepared by anodizing of titanium plates, while SLA surface was provided by commercial supplier. Surfaces were characterized by SEM, EDS, AFM, and water contact angle measurements. In order to evaluate cell response,in vitrotests of MTT, alkaline phosphatase and staining with alizarin red were performed. From the results ofin vitro tests, 100 nm nanotubular surface showed lower levels of cell mineralization, differentiation and adhesion. In general, 20 nm TiO2nanotubular and SLA surfaces promoted similar response from osteoblasts. As a result, 20 nm nanotubular surface proved to be a possible alternative to SLA surface with potential for use in oral implantology market.

Resumen Este estudio describe la síntesis de resinas poliméricas a base de estireno (STY), metacrilato de glicidilo (GMA) y divinilbenceno (DVB), modificadas químicamente mediante reacciones de sulfonación durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo, para conocer la influencia de la estructura de los materiales en su capacidad de adsorción y evaluar su potencial de aplicación en la remoción de amonio de aguas residuales a niveles que cumplan con la norma técnica NT202, R-10 (INEA, 1986). Los resultados mostraron que, además de la duración de la reacción de sulfonación, factores como el área superficial y el diámetro de los poros también contribuyeron significativamente al proceso de absorción de amonio. La eficácia de las formulaciones fue en orden decreciente DVB(7:3)(2)S, DVB(7:3)(24)S, STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S y GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S. De estos, DVB(7:3)(2)S tenía la mayor área superficial pero tenía una baja capacidad de intercambio iónico. La resina con mayor capacidad de intercambio fue STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S, pero tuvo una eficiencia aproximadamente un 20% menor que la resina anterior, mostrando un resultado muy cercano al de GMA-DVB (7:3)(2)S.

Abstract This study describes the synthesis of polymeric resins based on styrene (STY), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB), modified chemically through sulfonation reactions during different time intervals, to learn the influence of the materials’ structure on their adsorption capacity and evaluate their potential for application in the removal of ammonium from wastewater to levels compliant with the technical standard NT202, R-10 (INEA, 1986). The results showed that besides the duration of the sulfonation reaction, factors such as surface area and pore diameter also contributed significantly to the ammonium absorption process. The efficiency of the formulations was in decreasing order DVB(7:3)(2)S, DVB(7:3)(24)S, STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S and GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S. Of these, DVB(7:3)(2)S had the greatest surface area but had low ion exchange capacity. The resin with the greatest exchange capacity was STY-DVB(7:3)(2)S, but it had efficiency about 20% lower than the former resin, showing a result very near that of GMA-DVB(7:3)(2)S.

Abstract The Moeda Formation (Caraça Group, base of Minas Supergroup) registers the initial rift stages of the Minas Basin in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Southern São Francisco craton, SE-Brazil. We present stratigraphic and U-Pb detrital zircon dating analyses of the Moeda Formation that contribute to the comprehension of its sedimentary evolution in the southernmost Gandarela and Ouro Fino synclines (Central-Eastern Quadrilátero Ferrifero). The Moeda Formation sequence consists of a basal proximal alluvial fan with clast-supported conglomerates, grading upward into an alluvial floodplain with quartz arenites, and upper massive sandstones from distal fluvial fans. Because the Moeda Formation is normally limited by similar lithologies at both its base (Nova Lima Group, Rio das Velhas Supergroup) and top (Batatal Formation, uppermost Caraça Group) and stratigraphic inversion has occurred in the study area, U-Pb detrital zircon dating was also extended to these units to differentiate them stratigraphically. The youngest clusters of detrital zircon ages in the Nova Lima Group and Moeda and Batatal formations were 2716, 2777 and 2786 Ma, respectively. Based on our data and relevant literature, the depositional age of the Moeda Formation was interpreted as between 2716 and 2520 Ma with the Mesoarchean continental crust, the Rio das Velhas Supergroup and the Archean TTG complexes as its main source areas.

Resumo O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.

Abstract The Ministry of Health, through the Primary Health Care Secretariat and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented Primary Health Care (PHC) strategies within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the National Health Secretaries Council (CONASS) and the National Municipal Health Secretariats Council (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human, and financial resources, as well as allow boosting national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research.

The Ministry of Health, through the Secretariat of Primary Health Care and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented strategies of Primary Health Care (PHC) within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the Council National Secretary of State (CONASS) and Municipal Health (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human and financial resources, as well as allowing to boost national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research.

El Ministerio de Salud, a través de la Secretaría de Atención Primaria de Salud y en asociación con la Secretaría de Vigilancia Sanitaria, elaboró ​​e implementó estrategias de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) dentro del alcance del apoyo a los gerentes locales y en asociación con la Secretaría Consejo Nacional de Salud Estado (CONASS) y Salud Municipal (CONASEMS) para combatir COVID-19. Estas acciones tienen a PHC como el principal responsable de varias áreas y recursos físicos, humanos y financieros, además de promover el progreso nacional en el uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación y nuevas alianzas para realizar investigaciones.

O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the kinetics of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) protein levels as well as the maximum effort capacity of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with experimental acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: thirty-two SHRs were divided into (n=8/group): S (sham), SE (sham+exercise), I (AMI), and IE (AMI+exercise). A maximum exercise test (treadmill) was evaluated before AMI or sham surgery. Echocardiography was performed 48h after the surgery. Lactacidemia was assessed at rest and during an intense exercise bout (48h after echocardiography). A two-way ANOVA followed by the post-hoc (Bonferroni) test was used, p<0.05. Results: In the end, the heart was removed for analysis of LDH-B. AMI resulted in lower cardiac output (S vs I: ∆51.3%, p<0.001), ejection fraction (S vs I: ∆60.5%, p<0.001) and shortening fraction (S vs I: ∆72.4%, p<0.001). The IE showed a reduction in exercise capacity when compared with pre-AMI values (1.50±0.1 vs 1.38±0.2 km/h; p=0.030) but not when compared with SE (1.41±0.3 vs 1.38±0.2 km/h; p=0.208). During the exhaustion exercise session, IE group showed lower lactacidemia at 12 min (∆9.7%, p=0.042) and 18 min (∆8.3%, p=0.038). No differences were observed in the protein level of LDH-B among the groups (p=0.573). However, when the AMI factor was considered alone, LDH-B expression was lower (sham vs AMI rats, p=0.040). Conclusion: LDH-B protein levels in cardiac tissue appear to be associated with AMI only. Furthermore, AMI induced a reduction in exercise capacity but did not affect lactacidemia during the intense exercise bout.

Resumo O Ministério da Saúde, por intermédio da Secretaria de Atenção Primária à Saúde e em parceria com a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde construiu e implementou estratégias da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no âmbito do apoio aos gestores locais e em articulação com o Conselho Nacional de Secretários Estaduais (CONASS) e Municipais de Saúde (CONASEMS) para o combate ao COVID-19. Essas ações têm a APS como a grande responsável por diversas áreas e recursos físicos, humanos e financeiros, assim como permite impulsionar o avanço nacional para o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação e novas parcerias para realização de pesquisas.

Abstract The Ministry of Health, through the Primary Health Care Secretariat and in partnership with the Secretariat of Health Surveillance, built and implemented Primary Health Care (PHC) strategies within the scope of support to local managers and in partnership with the National Health Secretaries Council (CONASS) and the National Municipal Health Secretariats Council (CONASEMS) to combat COVID-19. These actions have PHC as the main responsible for several areas and physical, human, and financial resources, as well as allow boosting national progress towards the use of information and communication technologies and new partnerships for conducting research.

Abstract The Quadrilátero Ferrífero metallogenetic province is located in the southernmost portion of the São Francisco craton, SE Brazil. The Tamanduá and Cambotas ridges stand out topographically in the northeastern portion of Quadrilátero Ferrífero and show NE-SW and N-S directions, respectively. Those ridges involve metasedimentary rocks of the Tamanduá Group bounded by a fault system. Due to stratigraphic and structural complexities, there is little consensus about the maximum sedimentation age and the stratigraphic position in which Tamanduá Group sediments were deposited. In this work, we took advantage of the excellent exposures in the Tamanduá and Cambotas ridges to present detailed stratigraphic observations combined with U-Pb zircon geochronological data from samples of different stratigraphic levels of Tamanduá Group. Furthermore, we provide U-Pb data from samples of the intrusive Pedra Formosa Suite that cut the whole Tamanduá sequence in the study area. Our observations showed that the Tamanduá Group represents a rift-sag basin-fill succession developed along the eastern border of the São Francisco paleoplate. The basal metaconglomerate and metasandstone package grades upward into marine metasandstone and phyllite. Detrital zircon obtained from the basal unit, Antônio dos Santos Formation, reveals maximum depositional ages between ca. 1981 and 1770 Ma. The upper succession, Cambotas Formation, shows a maximum depositional age from 1769 to 1740 Ma. The Pedra Formosa Suite shows zircons that crystallized at ca. 1740 Ma. The stratigraphic framework and the Orosirian-Statherian ages suggest a correlation with the first rifting event within the São Francisco paleoplate, the precursor of Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Espinhaço basin.

Resumen La formación ética y ciudadana se constituye como uno de los pilares fundamentales de las escuelas modernas latinoamericanas. Desde los inicios del siglo XIX, intelectuales y políticos ven en la institución escolar el medio adecuado de formación social y política de sus habitantes. Algunos autores asumen, desde diversas perspectivas, la escuela como una especie de máquina de ciudadanía. Según nuestro punto de vista, más allá de los cambios políticos e institucionales ocurridos en los últimos doscientos años, esta idea continúa vigente. La escuela entendida como máquina de ciudadanía supone una especie de distancia entre el ciudadano formado y aquel que aún no lo está. Dicha distancia se sostiene en una concepción de la igualdad como objetivo. De acuerdo con esta forma de pensar la ciudadanía, los niños no son iguales a los ciudadanos formados. En el mejor de los casos, la ciudadanía que afirma la escuela es, al menos en sus inicios, incompleta, inacabada y debe ser formada. La pregunta que inspira nuestro trabajo es: ¿quiénes son aquellos que llamamos ciudadanos, aquellos a los que nuestros esfuerzos pedagógicos están dirigidos?

Resumo A formação ética e cidadã se constitui como um dos pilares fundamentais das escolas modernas latino-americanas. Desde o início do século XIX, intelectuais e politicos vêm na instituição escolar um meio adequado para a formação social e política de seus habitantes. Alguns autores defendem, a partir de perspectivas diversas, a escola como um tipo de máquina de cidadania. Segundo nosso ponto de vista, para além das mudanças politicas e institucionais ocorridas nos últimos duzentos anos, essa ideia continua vigente. A escola entendida como máquina de cidadania supõe g um tipo de distância entre o cidadão formado e aquele que ainda não está ¿ formado. Essa distância está sustentada numa concepção de igualdade como objetivo a ser alcançado. De acordo com esse modo de pensar a cidadania, as crianças não são iguais aos cidadãos formados. No melhor dos casos, a cidadania que a escola afirma é, pelo menos no início, incompleta, inacabada e deve ser formada. A pergunta que inspira nosso trabalho é: quem são aqueles que chamamos de cidadãos, aqueles aos quais nossos esforços pedagógicos estão dirigidos?

Abstract Ethical and citizen education is one of the fundamental pillars of modern Latin American schools. Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, intellectuals and politicians have seen school as a special locus for the social and political formation of their inhabitants. Several authors defend, in different perspectives, that school is a type of citizenship machine. Even though political and institutional changes have taken place in the last two hundred years, we argue that this idea still remains valid. The school understood as a citizenship machine supposes a type of distance between the formed citizen and the one that is not yet formed. This distance is based on a conception of equality as an objective to be achieved. According to this way of conceiving citizenship, children are not equal to educated citizens. In other words, the citizenship which is affirmed by school is that one that has to be formed through the educational process. The question that inspires our work is: who are those we call citizens, those to whom our pedagogical efforts are directed?

Résumé La formation éthique et citoyenne constitue l'un des piliers fondamentaux des écoles modernes latino-américaines. Depuis le début du XIXe siècle, les intellectuels et les hommes politiques considèrent les institutions scolaires comme le moyen approprié de formation sociale et politique de leurs habitants. Plusieurs auteurs perçoivent l'école, à partir de perspectives différentes, comme une sorte de machine de citoyenneté. Selon nous, audelà des changements politiques et institutionnels intervenus au cours des deux cents dernières années, cette idée est toujours en vigueur. L'école entendue comme une machine de citoyenneté suppose une sorte de fossé entre les citoyens éduqués et ceux qui ne sont pas encore éduqués. Ce fossé est fondé sur une conception d'égalité en tant qu'objectif. Conformément à cette manière de concevoir la citoyenneté, les enfants ne sont pas égaux aux citoyens éduqués. Au mieux, la citoyenneté affirmée par l'école est, du moins en principe, incomplète, inachevée, et elle doit être éduquée. La question qui inspire ce travail est: qui sont ceux que l'on appelle des citoyens? Est-ce qu'ils sont ceux pour lesquels nos efforts pédagogiques sont faits?

Abstract The Quadrilátero Ferrífero is an important mineral province located in Southern São Francisco craton, SE Brazil. Its prominent feature is the Gandarela syncline that was formed as part of the regional deformation event in the southernmost part of the craton at ca. 2,000 Ma. The syncline exposes several economically important units of Rio das Velhas and Minas supergroups, widely known for their gold and iron ore mineral deposits. This work focused on the upper Minas Supergroup — Cercadinho Formation and Sabará Group in the Gandarela syncline. We showed detail stratigraphic surveys combined with U-Pb detrital zircon analysis. Data reveal the development of high- to low-density turbidity systems. The first one is related to the deposition of Cercadinho Formation that marks the siliciclastic infilling of the Minas basin. For the Sabará Group, a fine turbidite system of foredeep depocenter is inferred. The detrital zircon analysis indicates that their sediments were derived from Archean, Rhyacian, and Orosirian exhumed terrains, besides granitoids positioned to the south and east of Quadrilátero Ferrífero. We proposed the age of 2,036 ± 25 Ma as the maximum age of deposition of Sabará Group, whose sedimentation occurs in the first stages of Minas accretionary orogeny.

ABSTRACT In the Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero, a package of metapelitic rocks previously attributed to the Archean Rio das Velhas Supergroup crops out in Piranga locality. This study presents the mineral chemistry and U-Pb-Hf zircon geochronology on foliated staurolite-garnet mica schists. Garnet and staurolite index minerals are syn- to post-kinematic towards the main schistosity. Garnet porphyroblasts display well-developed compositional zoning of Mg-Fe-Mn-Ca, with increase of almandine and pyrope and decrease of spessartine towards the rim, implying in prograde metamorphic pattern. Estimates of P-T values for the metamorphic peak resulted in temperatures between 630 to 650ºC and pressure around 7 kbar. Pseudosections show well-defined stability fields in amphibolite facies, with a metamorphic path displaying progressive increase in P-T conditions. Maximum depositional age of 1,875 ± 51 Ma is established for the Piranga mica schists pointing to a depositional history that is younger than those previously described. Metamorphic Cambrian ages characterize the strong influence of deformational processes related to the final stages of Brasiliano Orogeny in the Southeastern Quadrilátero Ferrífero.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) in reducing the necrosis area in an experimental model of cutaneous ischemic flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection to simulate a smoker patient. Methods In an experimental study, 30 rats were enrolled and divided into two experimental groups of 15 animals all submitted to a subcutaneous nicotine injection to create ischemic cutaneous flaps on their backs. Other 10 animals were used only to obtain adipose tissue derived stem cells (ADSC). The first group (n=15) received ADSC treatment at the end of surgery while the other group, the control (n=15), received no other interventions. After euthanasia, a decal was performed on the whole area of the flap, accurately defining the transition from necrosis to healthy region. Photos of all animals were collected and evaluated by scales standardized by Paint-Autocad- 2015 software to define the area of flap necrosis in each rat. Student T test was performed to compare the groups, considering a p< 0.05 significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM® 18 version. Results Through the analysis of the images by the program Paint-Autocad-2015 and the area of decal obtained by the transparent sheet, we obtained a mean of 46% necrosis of the total area of the flap in the treatment group and 69.4% in the control group. In the descriptive analysis, a mean of 3.7 cm of necrosis CI 95% (3.2 - 4.2) was evident in the treatment group whereas a mean value of 5.56 CI 95% (5.2 - 5.9) was found in control group, with p value <0.001 for this comparison. Conclusion The application of adipose-derived stem cells reduces the percentage of necrosis in an experimental model of randomized cutaneous flap in rats submitted to subcutaneous nicotine injection.

ABSTRACT The ability of pathogens to survive cheese ripening is a food-security concern. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of two alternative methods of analysis of Listeria during the ripening of artisanal Minas cheese. These methods were tested and compared with the conventional method: Lateral Flow System™, in cheeses produced on laboratory scale using raw milk collected from different farms and inoculated with Listeria innocua; and VIDAS®-LMO, in cheese samples collected from different manufacturers in Serro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These samples were also characterized in terms of lactic acid bacteria, coliforms and physical-chemical analysis. In the inoculated samples, L. innocua was detected by Lateral Flow System™ method with 33% false-negative and 68% accuracy results. L. innocua was only detected in the inoculated samples by the conventional method at 60-days of cheese ripening. L. monocytogenes was not detected by the conventional and the VIDAS®-LMO methods in cheese samples collected from different manufacturers, which impairs evaluating the performance of this alternative method. We concluded that the conventional method provided a better recovery of L. innocua throughout cheese ripening, being able to detect L. innocua at 60-day, aging period which is required by the current legislation.