Abstract Objective To present the different aspects that may be involved in the genesis and maintenance of obesity in children and adolescents. Data source Narrative review of articles published in the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, using the search terms: overweight, obesity, pre-conception, prenatal, infants, schoolchildren, children, and adolescents. The search was conducted in studies written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, including narrative, integrative or systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies, published between 2003 and 2023. Data synthesis A total of 598 studies were initially screened and 60 of them, which showed the main biopsychosocial aspects related to greater risks of excessive adiposity in the pediatric age, were included in the review. The data were presented taking into account the incidence of risk factors and their consequences in six periods: pre-conception, pre-natal, infant, preschool, school age, and adolescence. Conclusions The causal factors described in the scientific literature that have been shown to be related to obesity in childhood and adolescence are presented. adolescents PubMed Scielo Lilacs databases terms overweight preconception, preconception pre conception, conception pre-conception prenatal infants schoolchildren Portuguese Spanish narrative reviews metaanalyses, metaanalyses meta analyses, analyses meta-analyses crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional casecontrol case control 200 2023 59 6 them age periods natal, natal pre-natal infant preschool 20 202 5 2

RESUMEN Latinoamérica presenta una alta prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Entre 1996-2003 la prevalencia en Santiago de Chile fue del 70%; estudios recientes presentan una disminución en esta infección. Actualizar la frecuencia de Hp es fundamental debido a su impacto en la salud asociado. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la tendencia de la infección por Hp en pacientes que asisten a endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) ambulatoria en una población chilena. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron a una primera EDA con test rápido de ureasa entre 2010-2020. La tendencia en el tiempo fue descrita mediante análisis de series de tiempo. Se construyó un modelo Poisson para estimar el riesgo de infección, ajustado por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 355 pacientes [66,9% mujeres; edad media 52 años; Hp 41,6%]. El sexo masculino presentó una mayor frecuencia de infección por Hp [RR 1,13; (IC95%:1,08-1,18)]. La frecuencia de Hp disminuyó significativamente desde 45,1% en 2010 hasta 29% en 2020, con 36% menor probabilidad de presentar infección por Hp en 2020 con respecto al 2010 [RR 0,64; (IC95%:0,55-0,74)]. Se proyectó un descenso progresivo en la tendencia de infección por Hp hasta valores cercanos al 25% para el año 2025. Conclusión: Se observó una reducción significativa en la infección por Hp entre los años 2010-2020. Esta disminución pudiese ser explicada mediante la incorporación de políticas públicas de salud en la última década asociadas a cambios sociosanitarios.

ABSTRACT Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Between 1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decrease in this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact. Objective: Our objective was to describe the trend in Hp infection in patients undergoing ambulatory esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who attended a first EGD with a rapid urease test between 2010-2020. Time trends were described through time series analysis. A Poisson model was constructed to estimate the risk of infection, adjusted for age and gender. Results: 11,355 patients were included [66.9% females; mean age 52 years; Hp 41.6%]. Male gender presented a higher frequency of Hp infection [RR 1.13; (95% CI: 1.08-1.18)]. Hp frequency infection decreased significantly from 45.1% in 2010 to 29% in 2020, with a 36% lower probability of Hp infection in 2020 compared to 2010 [RR 0.64; (95% CI: 0.55-0.74)]. A progressive decline in Hp infection trend was projected, reaching values close to 25% by year 2025. Conclusion: A significant reduction in Hp infection was observed between 2010-2020. This decrease could be explained by the implementation of public health policies in the last decade associated with socio-sanitary changes.

Abstract Background The distinction between sensory neuronopathies (SN), which is by definition purely sensory, and sensory polyneuropathies (SP) and sensory multineuropathies (SM) is important for etiologic investigation and prognosis estimation. However, this task is often challenging in clinical practice. We hypothesize that F-wave assessment might be helpful, since it is able to detect subtle signs of motor involvement, which are found in SP and SM, but not in SN. Objective The aim of the present study was to determine whether F-waves are useful to distinguish SN from SP and SM. Methods We selected 21 patients with SP (12 diabetes mellitus, 4 transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy, 4 others), 22 with SM (22 leprosy), and 26 with SN (13 immune-mediated, 10 idiopathic, 3 others) according to clinical-electrophysiological-etiological criteria. For every subject, we collected data on height and performed 20 supramaximal distal stimuli in median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves, bilaterally, to record F-waves. Latencies (minimum and mean) and persistences were compared across groups using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni tests. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results All groups were age, gender, and height-matched. Overall, there were no significant between-group differences regarding F-wave latencies. In contrast, F-wave persistence was able to stratify the groups. Peroneal F-wave persistence was higher, bilaterally, in the SN group compared to SM and SP (p < 0.05). In addition, F-waves persistence of the ulnar and tibial nerves was also helpful to separate SN from SP (p < 0.05). Conclusion F-wave persistence of the peroneal nerves might be an additional and useful diagnostic tool to differentiate peripheral sensory syndromes. SN, , (SN) (SP (SM estimation However practice Fwave F wave involvement Fwaves waves 2 12 (1 mellitus polyneuropathy others, others (2 leprosy, leprosy leprosy) 13 immunemediated, immunemediated immune mediated, mediated immune-mediated 1 idiopathic clinicalelectrophysiologicaletiological electrophysiological etiological criteria subject median bilaterally Fwaves. waves. minimum mean KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis tests Pvalues P values 005 0 05 0.0 age gender heightmatched. heightmatched matched. matched height-matched Overall betweengroup latencies contrast higher p 0.05. . 0.05) addition syndromes (SN ( 00 0.

Resumo Antecedentes A distinção entre neuronopatias sensitivas (SN) e polineuropatias sensitivas (SP) e multineuropatias sensitivas (SM) é importante para a investigação etiológica e para o prognóstico. Contudo, esta tarefa é desafiadora na prática clínica. Hipotetizou-se que a avaliação das ondas-F pode ser útil, por ser capaz de detectar envolvimento motor nas SP e SM, mas não nas SN. Objetivo Determinar se as ondas-F podem ajudar a distinguir entre SN, SP e SM. Métodos Selecionou-se 21 pacientes com SP (12 diabetes mellitus, 4 ATTR-FAP e 4 com outras neuropatias), 22 com SM (22 hanseníases) e 26 com SN (13 imunomediadas, 10 idiopáticas e 3 com outras neuronopatias), de acordo com critérios clínicos, etiológicos e eletrofisiológicos. Para cada indivíduo, foi aferida a altura e foram aplicados 20 estímulos distais supramáximos nos nervos mediano, ulnar, fibular e tibial, bilateralmente, para registrar as ondas-F. Uma comparação foi feita, por grupo, das latências (mínimas e médias) e persistências pelos testes Kruskal-Wallis e Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0.05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Todos os grupos foram pareados por idade, sexo e altura. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos quanto às latências das ondas-F. A persistência da onda-F foi capaz de estratificar os grupos, sendo as dos nervos fibulares bilateralmente maiores no grupo SN que nos grupos SM e SP (p < 0.05). Adicionalmente, a persistência das ondas-F dos nervos ulnares e tibiais também foi útil para distinguir SN de SP (p < 0.05). Conclusão A persistência das ondas-F dos nervos fibulares pode ser uma ferramenta adicional e útil para diferenciar síndromes sensitivas periféricas. (SN (SP (SM prognóstico Contudo clínica Hipotetizouse Hipotetizou ondasF ondas F Selecionouse Selecionou 2 12 (1 mellitus ATTRFAP ATTR FAP neuropatias, neuropatias , neuropatias) (2 hanseníases 13 imunomediadas 1 neuronopatias, neuronopatias) clínicos eletrofisiológicos indivíduo mediano ulnar tibial ondasF. F. feita mínimas médias KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis Bonferroni 005 0 05 0.0 significativos idade ondaF onda 0.05. . 0.05) Adicionalmente periféricas ( 00 0.

Resumen. El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad endémica en porcinos que tiende a la cronicidad. Los esfuerzos se centran en prevención y control para minimizar el daño, pues no existe tratamiento. Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) y oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) en la alimentación de cerdas reproductoras afectadas con PRRS sobre su desempeño productivo, de salud y en su progenie. Cuarenta y ocho cerdas de primer parto se distribuyeron al azar en cuatro tratamientos (Tr1, testigo; Tr2, DHA; Tr3, EP; Tr4, DHA+EP). El ensayo con el segundo parto siguió el mismo diseño. Tr3 y Tr4 obtuvieron más peso de lechones al nacer en ambos partos (P < 0.05) que los demás. En ambos partos, la adición de DHA y EP resultó en menos cantidad de momias (P < 0.05) y menor costo que los otros tratamientos. Tr3 tuvo mayor número de lechones vivos en ambos partos, mientras que Tr4 solo en el segundo parto (P < 0.05). En el primer parto, se destetaron más lechones en Tr2 y Tr3 (P > 0.05); pero Tr2 superó a los demás en el segundo parto (P > 0.05). Por ELISA, todos los cerdos desarrollaron anticuerpos contra PRRS. Los grupos que recibieron DHA y/o EP tuvieron concentraciones séricas de IgG superiores al testigo (P < 0.05). Se concluye que la adición de DHA y EP mejora la respuesta productiva y mayores concentraciones de IgG en ambos partos, además de reducir el costo de producción de las cerdas.

Abstract. Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is an endemic disease in pigs that tends to become chronic. Efforts are focused on prevention and control to minimize damage, as no treatment exists. The effect of adding docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (plant extracts, PE) in the feeding of breeding sows affected with PRRS on their productive performance, health and progeny was evaluated. Forty-eight first-parturition shows were randomly distributed into four treatments (Tr1, control; Tr2, DHA; Tr3, PE; Tr4, DHA+PE). The second parturition assay followed the same design. Tr3 and Tr4 got more piglet weight at birth in both parturitions (P < 0.05) than the others. In both deliveries, the addition of DHA and PE resulted in fewer mummies (P < 0.05) and lower cost than the other treatments. Tr3 had a higher number of live piglets in both parturitions, while Tr4 only got that in the second parturition (P < 0.05). More piglets were weaned in Tr2 and Tr3 (P > 0.05) in the first parturition; but Tr2 outperformed the others in the second parturition (P > 0.05). By ELISA, all pigs developed antibodies against PRRS. The groups receiving DHA and/or PE had higher serum IgG concentrations than control (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of DHA and PE improves the productive response and induced higher concentrations of IgG in both parturitions, in addition to reducing the production cost of sows.

RESUMEN: Las arterias sigmoideas son ramas de la arteria mesentérica inferior e irrigan al colon sigmoideo. Se originan del tronco de las arterias sigmoideas. Esta es la descripción más frecuente según los autores consultados. El objetivo fue analizar las variaciones en el origen y distribución de las arterias sigmoideas mediante disección. Se utilizaron 13 preparados cadavéricos formolizados al 10 %. Se disecó la cavidad abdominal para identificar a las arterias sigmoideas. Se evidenció su bifurcación paralela al colon sigmoideo. Se lo delimitó mediante reparos palpables. Patrón I: 4 casos (30,8 %). Variante de la arcada sigmoidea como rama colateral de la arteria mesentérica inferior. Tipo Ia: 1 caso (25 %). Sin asociaciones. Tipo Ib: 1 caso (25 %). Asociada al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo Ic: 2 casos (50 %). Asociada a arterias sigmoideas accesorias. Patrón II: 6 casos (46,2 %). Variante del tronco común entre arteria cólica izquierda y arterias destinadas al colon sigmoideo. Tipo IIa: 3 casos (50 %). Sin asociaciones. Tipo IIb: 2 casos (33,3 %). Asociado al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo IIc: 1 caso (16,7 %). Asociado a arterias sigmoideas accesorias. Patrón III: 3 casos (23 %). Variante clásica. Se definió por la ausencia del tronco común con la arteria cólica izquierda y de la arcada sigmoidea. Tipo IIIa: 2 casos (66,7 %). Un número variable de arterias sigmoideas nacen como ramas colaterales de la arteria mesentérica inferior, sin asociarse al tronco sigmoideo. Tipo IIIb: 1 caso (33,3 %). La arteria cólica izquierda emite como rama colateral la primera arteria sigmoidea y se asocia al tronco sigmoideo. 1. El patrón II es el prevalente en este trabajo (46,2 %). 2. La variante clásica no es la predominante en esta investigación (23 %). 3. La arcada sigmoidea tiene 53,8 % de incidencia.

SUMMARY: The sigmoid arteries are branches of the inferior mesenteric artery and supply the sigmoid colon. They originate from the trunk of the sigmoids. This is the most frequent description according to the consulted authors. The objective is to analyze the variations in the origin and distribution of the sigmoid arteries through dissection. 13 cadaveric preparations formalized at 10 % and instruments were used. The abdominal cavity was dissected to identify the sigmoid arteries. Its bifurcation parallel to the sigmoid colon is evident. It is delimited by palpable repairs. Pattern I: 4 cases (30.8 %). Variant of the sigmoid arcade as a collateral branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. Type Ia: 1 case (25 %). No associations. Type Ib: 1 case (25 %). Associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type Ic: 2 cases (50 %). Associated with accessory sigmoid arteries. Pattern II: 6 cases (46.2 %). Variant of the common trunk between the left colic artery and arteries destined for the sigmoid colon. Type IIa: 3 cases (50 %). No associations. Type IIb: 2 cases (33.3 %). Associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type IIc: 1 case (16.7 %). Associated with accessory sigmoid arteries. Pattern III: 3 cases (23 %). Classic variant. It was defined by the absence of the common trunk with the left colic artery and the sigmoid arcade. Type IIIa: 2 cases (66.7 %). A variable number of sigmoid arteries arise as collateral branches of the inferior mesenteric artery, without being associated with the sigmoid trunk. Type IIIb: 1 case (33.3 %). The left colic artery gives off the first sigmoid artery as a collateral branch and is associated with the sigmoid trunk. 1. Pattern II is the most prevalent in this study (46.2 %). 2. The classic variant is not the predominant one in this research (23 %). 3. The sigmoid arcade has a 53.8 % incidence.

Abstract Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is an autosomal dominant inherited sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy with over 130 pathogenic variants identified in the TTR gene. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy is a disabling, progressive and life-threatening genetic condition that leads to death in ~ 10 years if untreated. The prospects for ATTRv-PN have changed in the last decades, as it has become a treatable neuropathy. In addition to liver transplantation, initiated in 1990, there are now at least 3 drugs approved in many countries, including Brazil, and many more are being developed. The first Brazilian consensus on ATTRv-PN was held in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in June 2017. Given the new advances in the area over the last 5 years, the Peripheral Neuropathy Scientific Department of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology organized a second edition of the consensus. Each panelist was responsible for reviewing the literature and updating a section of the previous paper. Thereafter, the 18 panelists got together virtually after careful review of the draft, discussed each section of the text, and reached a consensus for the final version of the manuscript. ATTRvPN ATTRv PN (ATTRv-PN 13 gene disabling lifethreatening life threatening 1 untreated decades transplantation 1990 countries Brazil developed Fortaleza 2017 paper Thereafter draft text manuscript 199 201 19 20 2

Resumo Polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar associada a transtirretina (ATTRv-PN) é uma polineuropatia sensitivo-motora e autonômica hereditária autossômica dominante com mais de 130 variantes patogênicas já identificadas no gene TTR. A ATTRv-PN é uma condição genética debilitante, progressiva e que ameaça a vida, levando à morte em ~ 10 anos se não for tratada. Nas últimas décadas, a ATTRv-PN se tornou uma neuropatia tratável. Além do transplante de fígado, iniciado em 1990, temos agora 3 medicamentos modificadores de doença aprovados em muitos países, incluindo o Brasil, e muitas outras medicações estão em desenvolvimento. O primeiro consenso brasileiro em ATTRv-PN foi realizado em Fortaleza em junho de 2017. Devido aos novos avanços nesta área nos últimos 5 anos, o Departamento Científico de Neuropatias Periféricas da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia organizou uma segunda edição do consenso. Cada panelista ficou responsável por rever a literatura e atualizar uma parte do manuscrito. Finalmente, os 18 panelistas se reuniram virtualmente após revisão da primeira versão, discutiram cada parte do artigo e chegaram a um consenso sobre a versão final do manuscrito. ATTRvPN ATTRv PN (ATTRv-PN sensitivomotora sensitivo motora 13 TTR debilitante vida 1 tratada décadas tratável fígado 1990 países Brasil desenvolvimento 2017 manuscrito Finalmente 199 201 19 20 2

Abstract In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics. decades DMD, DMD , (DMD) reviewed evidencebased evidence twopart two part publication disorder limited treatment rehabilitation fields Furthermore ongoing countries Therefore topics (DMD

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, houve progressos significativos no diagnóstico e no tratamento da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD), considerada a distrofia muscular mais comum na infância. Diretrizes internacionais foram publicadas e revisadas recentemente. Um grupo de especialistas brasileiros desenvolveu um padrão de atendimento baseado em revisão de literatura, com recomendações graduadas pautadas em evidências compiladas em uma publicação dividida em duas partes. A implementação de melhores práticas de manejo ajudou a modificar a história natural desta doença crônica, progressiva, que, no passado, oferecia uma expectativa de vida muito limitada para crianças do sexo masculino. Desde a publicação desse consenso anterior, o diagnóstico, o tratamento com esteroides, a reabilitação e os cuidados sistêmicos ganharam novas possibilidades a partir da divulgação dos resultados de trabalhos originais em algumas dessas áreas. Além disso, as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos estão em andamento, e algumas intervenções já foram aprovadas para uso em determinados países. Nesse contexto, identificamos a necessidade de rever as recomendações anteriores sobre o manejo dos pacientes brasileiros com DMD. Nosso objetivo principal foi elaborar uma atualização baseada em evidências sobre esses tópicos do consenso. décadas DMD, DMD , (DMD) infância recentemente literatura partes crônica progressiva que passado masculino anterior esteroides áreas disso andamento países contexto (DMD

Special Article Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment for many disorders and international data shows a growing trend. Method We aimed to evaluate the temporal trends in HSCT transplant rates in Argentina. A time-series analysis was performed for the period 2009 to 2018 using the national database from the National Central Coordinating Institute for Ablations and Implants. Crude and standardized transplant rates were calculated. A permutation joinpoint regression model analysis was used to identify significant changes over time. Results Altogether, 8,474 transplants were reported to INCUCAI by 28 centers (autologous 67.5%); the main indication was multiple myeloma (30%). The WHO age-sex standardized HSCT rates for the entire country were 153.3 HSCT/10 million inhabitants (95% CI 141.7-165.8) in 2009 and 260.1 HSCT/10 million inhabitants (95% CI 245.5-275.5) in 2018. There was a large gap in HSCT rates among the states and regions. The transplant rate was higher for autologous transplants throughout the years. Within the allogeneic group, the related donor transplant rate was higher than the unrelated donor transplant rate. The joinpoint regression analysis of HSCT rates for the whole country over time showed an observed annual percentage change of 6.3% (95% CI 5.4-7.3; p< 0.01). No changes were observed for unrelated donors during the study period. Conclusions Age-sex standardized HSCT rates in Argentina are increasing, mainly due to autologous and family donor allogeneic transplants. A wide variation across the country was found, demonstrating differences in the access to transplantation among Argentine regions. trend timeseries series 200 201 Implants calculated Altogether 8474 8 474 8,47 2 67.5% 675 67 5 67.5%) 30%. 30 30% . (30%) agesex age sex 1533 153 3 153. HSCT10 10 HSCT/1 95% 95 (95 141.7165.8 14171658 141.7 165.8 141 7 165 141.7-165.8 2601 260 1 260. 245.5275.5 24552755 245.5 275.5 245 275 245.5-275.5 regions years group 63 6 6.3 5.47.3 5473 5.4 7.3 4 5.4-7.3 p 0.01. 001 0.01 0 01 0.01) Agesex Age increasing found 20 847 47 8,4 67.5 (30% 15 HSCT1 HSCT/ 9 (9 7165 141.7165. 1417165 1417 141. 1658 165. 14 16 141.7-165. 26 5275 245.5275. 2455275 2455 245. 2755 275. 24 27 245.5-275. 6. 5.47. 547 54 5. 73 7. 5.4-7. 00 0.0 84 8, 67. (30 ( 716 141.7165 141716 141.7-165 527 245.5275 245527 245.5-275 5.47 5.4-7 0. (3 71 141.716 14171 141.7-16 52 245.527 24552 245.5-27 5.4- 141.71 141.7-1 245.52 245.5-2 141.7- 245.5-

Abstract SCSBRS126 Dueto is a late-maturing high yield performing cultivar released by Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc. It has high tillering capacity, but poor resistance to lodging, medium resistance to blast, with long, slender grains and good sensory/cooking traits, and it has lower sterility under cold stress at microsporogenesis/anthesis and under heat at anthesis. SCSBRS SCSBRS12 latematuring late maturing EpagriEmbrapaUdesc Epagri Embrapa Udesc Epagri/Embrapa/Udesc capacity lodging blast long sensorycooking sensory cooking traits microsporogenesisanthesis microsporogenesis anthesis SCSBRS1

Abstract Papaya is a nutritious fruit cultivated worldwide under suitable climate conditions. This plant is polygamous, bearing female, male, and hermaphrodite sex types determined by sex chromosomes XX, XY, and XYh, respectively. In this paper, a molecular sex determination of papaya var. ‘Maradol’ was carried out based on PCR and specific primers. Specific molecular markers resulted in sixty-nine hermaphrodites and twenty-one female plants, matching 100% to the flower morphology. Nevertheless, since the summer stressing conditions rose in the greenhouse, sex reversal to male phenotype was observed in 43% of hermaphrodite plants due to high-temperature conditions. A specific male marker could not detect that change, supporting the proposal that sex reversal is caused by harsh environmental conditions aimed at epigenetic modification and genes related to hormones. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of molecular sex determination and the importance of controlling the growing requirements of papaya to avoid sex reversal. polygamous XX XY XYh respectively paper var ‘Maradol Maradol primers sixtynine sixty nine twentyone twenty one 100 morphology Nevertheless greenhouse 43 hightemperature high temperature change hormones 10 4 1

Abstract In previous studies carried out in Durango, 115 species of scolitins were reported, the majority in temperate forests, some studies have been carried out near the main roads, since the work published by Wood (1982) to date, only eight species have been added. This work was carried out for a period of one year from december 2019 to November 2020. Ecoiapar traps baited with ethanol were used. The highest specific richness that occurred was eight species in site four, while the lowest corresponded to site two with five species. On the other hand, the highest abundance was from site six with 119 captures, while Monarthrum tuberculatum was the most abundant species during the study. 13 new state records are reported Corthylus burgosi, C. nudus, Hylocurus femineus, Hylurgops longipennis, Monarthrum ca. scutellare, M. dentigerum, M. huachucae, M. tuberculatum, M. xalapensis, Pityophthorus ca. miniatus, P. cacuminatus, P. infulatus, P. virilis, P. granulatus, and one for Mexico Pityophtorus infulatus. The results represent an increase of 12.17% of the known diversity for the state of Durango, compared to the 115 species previously registered, which amounts to a total of 129 species for the state.

Resumen En estudios previos realizados en Durango se han reportado 115 especies de escolitínos, la mayoría en bosques templados cercanos a las carreteras principales. Desde el trabajo publicado por Wood (1982) a la fecha se han agregado solo ocho especies. El presente trabajo se realizó de diciembre de 2019 a noviembre de 2020 utilizando trampas Ecoiapar cebadas con etanol. La mayor riqueza especifica fue de ocho especies en el sitio cuatro, mientras que la menor correspondió al sitio dos con cinco especies. Por otra parte, la mayor abundancia fue en el sitio seis con 119 capturas, siendo Monarthrum tuberculatum la especie más abundante durante el estudio. Se reportan 13 nuevos registros estatales Corthylus burgosi, C. nudus, Hylocurus femineus, Hylurgops longipennis, Monarthrum ca. scutellare, M. dentigerum, M. huachucae, M. tuberculatum, M. xalapensis, Pityophthorus ca. miniatus, P. cacuminatus, P. infulatus, P. virilis, Pseudopityophthorus granulatus, y una para México, Pityophthorus infulatus. Los resultados representan un aumento del 12.17 % de la riqueza conocida para el estado de Durango, respecto a las 115 especies registradas previamente, lo que asciende a un total de 129 especies para el estado.

RESUMEN El conocimiento en detalle de las propiedades de los residuos orgánicos permite inferir su potencialidad de uso como enmiendas orgánicas (EO) para mejorar la salud de los suelos. El objetivo de estudio fue caracterizar residuos orgánicos de diverso origen y bajo diferentes transformaciones a través de metodologías químicas y espectrométricas. Además, verificar si estos residuos pueden comportarse de forma similar en base a sus propiedades para facilitar su aplicación. Fueron seleccionados diecisiete residuos orgánicos de diferente origen y procesos de transformación. En cada uno de ellos, se determinó materia orgánica (MO), carbono orgánico (CO), nitrógeno total (Nt), fósforo total (P), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE) y se los caracterizó mediante la técnica UV-visible a partir de la extracción de sus sustancias húmicas. Los residuos presentaron entre si una amplia variación en los parámetros evaluados. El agrupamiento multivariado de residuos orgánicos contrastantes por todas las propiedades evaluadas definió cuatro grupos: no transformados, semitransformados, biotransformados, y maduros. Analizado en forma conjunta se evidenció que CO, MO, relación C:N, Nt, y los coeficientes de absorbancia entre 254 y 665 nm (E2/E6) y 254 y 465 nm (E2/ E4) son las variables más relevantes para agrupar. Comparando por grupo de residuos, la diferencia más abrupta se observó en CO, siendo el grupo no transformado (687 g kg-1)> semitransformado (534 g kg-1)> biotransformado (439 g kg-1)> maduros (181 g kg-1). Considerando cada parámetro en forma individual, los residuos cumplen mayormente con los requisitos mínimos para su utilización como EO. El análisis combinado de propiedades químicas y espectrométricas colabora a un mejor entendimiento del nivel de complejidad estructural de los materiales, otorgando información relevante al momento de definir sus aptitudes de uso como EO.

ABSTRACT Knowing the organic residues properties allows to infer its potential use as organic amendments (AO), to improve soil health. The objective of the study was to assess organic residues of diverse origin and under different transformations through chemical and spectrometric characterization. In addition, verify if these residues can behave in a similar way based on their specific properties to facilitate their application. Seventeen organic residues of different origin and under different transformation processes were selected. In each of them, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (Nt), total phosphorus (P), pH, electrical conductivity (EC) were determined, and then, they were analyzed by a UV-vis technique from their humic substances extraction. The residues presented a wide variation among themselves in the parameters evaluated. The multivariate grouping of contrasting organic residues considering chemical and spectrometric properties defined four groups: nontransformed, semitransformed, biotransformed, and mature. Analyzed jointly, it was evidenced that OC, OM, C:N ratio, Nt, absorbance coefficients 254 to 665 (E2/E6) and 254 to 465 (E2/E4) ratios were the most relevant variables to each group. Comparing groups of organic residues, the most valuable difference was detected in OC, being nontransformed (687 g kg-1)> semitransformed (534 g kg-1)> biotransformed (439 g kg-1)> mature (181 g kg-1) groups. Considering each parameter individually, the residues largely meets the minimum requirements for its use as OA. Combining chemical and spectro-metric properties contributes to a better understanding of the level of structural complexity of these materials, providing relevant information when defining their suitability for use as OA.

ABSTRACT Nowadays there are different ways of destroying the environment, but when we refer to urban fauna, we immediately relate it to life and therefore it must be respected and above all valued by society, which must comply with the rights established for living beings that inhabit the planet. Therefore, when talking about urban fauna, emphasis is also placed on environmental education, which has become an instrument that allows man to participate in the prevention, control and surveillance of illegal trafficking and mistreatment of fauna. The infringement of the rights of urban fauna has led to the implementation of different sanctions resulting in deprivation of liberty or economic sanctions. The present study aims to determine the scope of environmental education to prevent animal abuse and the illegal sale of urban fauna in the city of Babahoyo through a qualitative-quantitative research modality using surveys. The results showed that the population of Babahoyo does not know the regulations governing the rights of wildlife and has a low level of environmental education. As solutions, training is proposed to achieve a responsible ecological behavior in society.

RESUMEN En la actualidad surgen diferentes formas de destruir el medio ambiente, pero al referirse a la fauna urbana, inmediatamente lo relacionamos con vida por ende debe ser respetada, pero sobre todo valorada por la sociedad que debe cumplir con los derechos que se establecen para los seres vivos que habitan en el planeta. Por los que al hablar de fauna urbana también se hace énfasis a la educación ambiental que se ha convertido en un instrumento que permite al hombre participar en la prevención, control y vigilancia del tráfico ilegal y el maltrato de la fauna. La infracción de los derechos de la fauna urbana ha conllevado a implementar diferentes sanciones derivadas en privación de libertad o sanción económica. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el alcance de la educación ambiental para prevenir el maltrato animal y la venta ilegal de la fauna urbana en la ciudad de Babahoyo a partir de modalidad de investigación cualicuantitativa con uso de encuestas. De los resultados se obtuvo que la población de Babahoyo desconoce las normativas que regulan los derechos de la fauna y poseen una baja educación ambiental. Como soluciones se propone una capacitación para lograr una conducta ecológica responsable en la sociedad.

Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and serum concentrations of retinol, correlating them with IGF-1 concentrations in preschoolers with DS. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 47 children with DS aged 24 to 72 months, in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. VAD was determined by the relative dose-response (RDR) test. Retinol serum concentration ≤ 0.70 μmol/L and IGF-1 serum concentration below the 3rd percentile for sex and age were considered to represent deficiency. C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined at the beginning of the study. Weight, height, and information about fever and/or diarrhea were obtained at the beginning of the study. Results: VAD prevalence was 25.5% (12/47), and 74.5% (35/47) of the children had deficient retinol before the intervention. CRP was not associated with VAD. Mean IGF-1 were 103.5 ng/mL (SD = 913) for the group with VAD and 116.3 ng/mL (SD = 54.9) for the group with no VAD (p-value = 0.85); 8.5% (4/47) of the children showed deficient IGF-1, but without VAD. No association was observed between VAD and IGF-1 deficiency. A moderate positive correlation was observed between pre-intervention retinol and IGF-1 (ρ = 0.37; p-value = 0.01). Conclusion: a high prevalence of VAD and deficient retinol was observed and there was a positive correlation between serum retinol and IGF-1.