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Computational Insight and Anticancer Effect of Cinnamic Acid-Derivative Amide Compounds AcidDerivative Acid Derivative
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Alarcón-López, Aldo Y.

; Hernández-Serda, Manuel A.

; Aguirre-Vidal, Pablo

; Cárdenas-Granados, Luis A.

; Vázquez-Valadez, Víctor H. Martínez-Soriano, Pablo A. Briseño-Lugo, Paola Velázquez-Sánchez, Ana M. Rul-Ramírez, Elizabeth Jiménez-Jiménez, María Luisa Becerril-Ricco, Jared Guevara, Alhel Adán-Ladrón de Tinajero-Rodríguez, José Manuel Ortiz, Elizabeth Ángeles, Enrique

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2024, Volume 35 Nº 6 elocation e-20230195

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In this research, a meticulous screening process was conducted using four servers: Drug Target Explorer, Swiss Target Predictor, SEA Predictor, and Target Hunter. The primary objective was to identify a series of potential biological targets related to the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis in cancer cells using cinnamic acid derivatives. This study focused on five specific targets, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), all of which are well known to play a significant role in cancer cell dynamics. To explore both molecular recognition and molecular dynamics, a series of in silico investigations (docking and molecular dynamics) were carried out using a collection of 14 cinnamic acid derivatives, including cinnamic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a notable reference molecule due to its widely recognized anticancer effects. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro data revealed a potentially promising cytotoxic effect of (E)-N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2-propenamide (LQM755) on a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS cells), which are characterized by the overexpression of the MMP9 protein. Therefore, the chemical compound LQM755 provides an initial perspective in the field of cancer therapy. research servers Explorer Predictor Hunter derivatives MMP9, MMP , (MMP9) AIF, AIF (AIF) aldoketo aldo keto C AKR1C3, AKR1C3 AKRC AKR (AKR1C3) B B1 AKR1B10, AKR1B10 AKRB (AKR1B10) mitogenactivated mitogen activated MAPK14, MAPK14 MAPK (MAPK14) dynamics docking CAPE (CAPE effects Furthermore EN3,4dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide EN34dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide ENdichlorophenylmethylphenoxyphenylpropenamide E N 3,4 dichlorophenyl methyl 3 4 phenoxyphenyl 2 propenamide LQM (LQM755 cellline line AGS cells, cells) Therefore LQM75 therapy (MMP9 (AIF AKR1C (AKR1C3 AKR1B1 (AKR1B10 MAPK1 (MAPK14 EN3 4dichlorophenylmethyl34phenoxyphenyl2propenamide EN dichlorophenylmethyl 34 3, (LQM75 LQM7 (MMP (AKR1C AKR1B (AKR1B1 (MAPK1 dichlorophenylmethylphenoxyphenylpropenamide (LQM7 (AKR1B (MAPK (LQM

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230195

Caracterización de la salinidad en suelos de la planicie del río San Pedro, Nayarit, México
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Ortega-Escobar, Héctor Manuel

; Martínez-Rodríguez, Oscar Germán

; Can-Chulim, Álvaro

; Cruz-Crespo, Elia

; Bojórquez-Serrano, José Irán

; García-Paredes, Juan Diego

; Sánchez-Bernal, Edgar Iván

; Madueño-Molina, Alberto

; Mancilla-Villa, Oscar Raúl

Terra Latinoamericana

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Dez 2023, Volume 41 elocation e1606

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: La planicie del río San Pedro, que tiene una formación fluvio-deltaica, es una de las superficies costeras que fueron afectadas por la intrusión marina durante la última glaciación. En esta zona, la agricultura es la principal actividad económica, sin embargo, las actividades agrícolas intensivas, su pasado geo-morfológico, la actual interdependencia con el sistema marino y el transporte de sales a través de los sedimentos y aguas, hacen que esta región sea susceptible a la acumulación de sales en los suelos. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la salinidad de la superficie agrícola de la planicie del río San Pedro, se hicieron dos muestreos de suelos en 91 sitios en un periodo de dos años. Se tomaron muestras de 0.0 a 0.3 m y de 0.0 a cada 0.1 m hasta profundidades de 1 m y 3 m. Se recolectaron 50 muestras de agua freática, además se obtuvieron extractos de saturación (1: θsat) de las distintas muestras de suelos. A los extractos de suelo y aguas freáticas, se les determinó el pH, CE, cationes y aniones mayoritarios, se calculó el parámetro relación de adsorción de sodio en su formulación original y ajustada (RAS or , RAS aj ) y el porciento de sodio intercambiable (PSI). El pH, CE y RAS or del agua freática estuvieron dentro de los intervalos de 6.94-8.37, 199-4660 µS cm-1 y 0.16-32.30 (mmolc L-1)1/2, mientras que en los extractos de saturación entre 4.81-8.58, 0.08-72.4 dS m-1 y 0.11-33.09 (mmolc L-1)1/2 respectivamente. Los problemas de salinidad en la zona de estudio están estrechamente relacionados con la intrusión de sales provenientes del sistema marino.

Summary: The floodplain of the San Pedro River, a fluvial-delta formation, is one of the coastal areas affected by marine intrusion during the last glaciation. In this region, agriculture is the main economic activity; however, intensive agricultural practices, the geological past, current interactions with the marine system and the transport of salts through sediments and water make this area susceptible to soil salinization. To characterize the salinity of the agricultural area of the San Pedro River floodplain, two soil samplings were carried out at 91 sites over a period of two years. Samples were taken from depths of 0.0 to 0.3 m and from 0.0 to 0.1 m to depths of 1 m and 3 m. Fifty groundwater samples were collected. Saturation extracts were obtained (1: θsat) from the soil samples. For the soil and groundwater extracts, the pH, EC, and major cations and anions were determined, the sodium adsorption ratio was calculated in the original and adjusted formulations (SAR or and SAR adj ), and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was ascertained. The pH, EC and SAR or of the groundwater ranged from 6.94 to 8.37, 199 to 4660 µS cm-1 and 0.16 to 32.30 (mmolc L-1)1/2, while in the saturation extracts, the pH, EC and SAR or ranged from 4.81 to 8.58, 0.08 to 72.4 dS m-1 and 0.11 to 33.09 (mmolc L-1)1/2, respectively. The salinity problems in the study area are closely related to the intrusion of salts from the marine system.

https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v41i0.1606

Diseños factoriales completos de experimentos para optimizar un ELISA que detecta anticuerpos anti-RBD del SARS-CoV-2 en leche materna
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Pérez-Bernal, Maylin Hernández, Carlos A. Ibargollín, Rafael Martínez, Midalis Soria, Migdiala Delgado, Magali Pérez, Enrique Sánchez-Ríos, José M.

Biotecnia

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Dez 2023, Volume 25 Nº 3 Páginas 85 - 92

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En este trabajo se optimizó un ELISA, mediante la aplicación de diseños factoriales completos de experimentos, para detectar anticuerpos IgA anti-RBD del SARS-CoV-2 en leche materna de puérperas que recibieron durante el embarazo tres dosis de la vacuna anti-COVID-19 Abdala, basada en la plataforma de subunidades proteicas. A partir de un protocolo preliminar no optimizado, se evaluaron las interacciones entre los factores y niveles en el paso de recubrimiento de la placa con el antígeno RBD y en el paso de reacción del antígeno con los anticuerpos de la leche; se determinó además el factor dilución para aplicar el conjugado enzimático en el ensayo. Se estableció la combinación óptima de factores y niveles para conformar el protocolo optimizado del ELISA, con el que se logró incrementar 4,67 veces la relación señal/ruido del ensayo respecto al no optimizado. El nuevo protocolo garantizará la detección de anticuerpos IgA anti-RBD del SARS-CoV-2 en las muestras de leche materna con bajo contenido de estos anticuerpos y que probablemente tuvieran una señal de absorbancia cercana al blanco del ensayo si se aplicara el ELISA no optimizado.

Abstract In this work, an ELISA was optimized through the application of full factorial designs of experiments, to detect IgA anti-RBD antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of puerperal women who received, during pregnancy, three doses of the Abdala anti-COVID-19 vaccine, created on the protein subunit platform. Based on a preliminary non-optimized protocol, the interactions between the factors and levels, at the step of RBD antigen coating of the plate and in the reaction of the antigen with the breast milk antibodies, were evaluated; the dilution factor to apply the enzyme conjugate in the assay was also determined. The optimized ELISA protocol was established with the best combination of factors and levels, with which it was possible to increase the signal to noise ratio of the assay by 4.67 times compared to the non-optimized one. The new protocol will guarantee the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA anti-RBD antibodies in breast milk samples with a low content of these antibodies and that would probably have an absorbance signal close to the assay blank if the non-optimized ELISA were applied.

https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v25i3.2012

Nutritional value and chemical composition of quinoa leaves (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) at different phenological stages
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Baldeón, Edwin O.

; Sánchez-Pizarro, Augusto

; Repo-Carrasco-Valencia, Ritva

; Barat, José M.

; Grau, Raúl

; Cadenillas-Martínez, Attilio Israel

; Comettant-Rabanal, Raúl

Manglar

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Out 2023, Volume 20 Nº 4 Páginas 379 - 387

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el perfil fenológico y las características nutricionales de las hojas de cuatro variedades diferentes de quinua. Los investigadores analizaron la composición química, los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y la capacidad antioxidante (AC) de las hojas de quinua en varias etapas de crecimiento. Dos variedades, Blanca Junín y Blanca Criolla, presentaron perfiles fenológicos similares, mientras que Pasankalla y Salcedo tuvieron estados de floración más tempranos. El estudio encontró que las primeras etapas de las hojas de quinua contenían niveles más altos de proteína, humedad, cenizas, magnesio, TPC y AC. Por el contrario, las últimas etapas tenían mayores cantidades de carbohidratos, calcio y fibra cruda. La tercera etapa fenológica presentó el mayor contenido de proteína, teniendo Pasankalla y Blanca Junín 36,00 g/100g y 42,44 g/100g, respectivamente. Salcedo alcanzó este contenido proteico en la segunda etapa fenológica, con 38,25 g/100g. También se encontró que las hojas de quinua son ricas en potasio, magnesio y calcio, siendo Blanca Junín y Pasankalla las que presentan los niveles más altos de calcio en la sexta etapa fenológica. La segunda etapa fenológica produjo consistentemente los niveles más altos de TPC y AC en todas las variedades de quinua. En general, este estudio destaca el valor nutricional de las hojas de quinua y sugiere que podrían ser un ingrediente proteico de origen vegetal prometedor.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the phenological profile and nutritional characteristics of the leaves of four different quinoa varieties. The researchers analyzed the chemical composition, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) of quinoa leaves at various stages of growth. Two varieties, Blanca Junín and Blanca Criolla, displayed similar phenological profiles, while Pasankalla and Salcedo had earlier flowering stages. The study found that the early stages of quinoa leaves contained higher levels of protein, moisture, ash, magnesium, TPC, and AC. In contrast, the late stages had higher amounts of carbohydrates, calcium, and crude fiber. The third phenological stage showed the highest protein content, with Pasankalla and Blanca Junín having 36.00 g/100g and 42.44 g/100g, respectively. Salcedo reached this protein content at the second phenological stage, with 38.25 g/100g. Quinoa leaves were also found to be rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, with Blanca Junín and Pasankalla having the highest calcium levels in the sixth phenological stage. The second phenological stage consistently yielded the highest levels of TPC and AC in all quinoa varieties. Overall, this study highlights the nutritional value of quinoa leaves and suggests that they could be a promising plant-based protein ingredient.

https://doi.org/10.57188/manglar.2023.044

Complicaciones tromboembólicas y hemorrágicas en pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares del corazón en un centro de tercer nivel. ¿Qué hemos aprendido?
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Sánchez-Medina, Fernando F. Valenzuela-Antelo, Olivia Valenzuela-Molina, Lucía C, Arias-Martínez, Joel López-Morales, Cruz M. Ornelas-Aguirre, José M.

Gaceta médica de México

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Jun 2023, Volume 159 Nº 3 Páginas 215 - 223

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El reemplazo valvular por prótesis mecánicas o biológicas implica riesgo de tromboembolismo y complicaciones hemorrágicas. Objetivo: Determinar las complicaciones relacionadas con la terapia de anticoagulación complementaria y la probabilidad de riesgo en pacientes portadores de prótesis valvulares del corazón. Métodos: Se estudiaron 163 pacientes entre 2002 y 2016, portadores de prótesis mecánicas y biológicas, quienes recibieron antagonistas de la vitamina K posterior al egreso hospitalario. La terapia de anticoagulación se categorizó en óptima y no óptima conforme a los valores de INR previos a las complicaciones. Fueron excluidos los pacientes con comorbilidades y otros factores de riesgo de trombosis y/o sangrado. Resultados: a 68.7 % de los pacientes se les colocó prótesis mecánica y a 31.3 %, biológica (p ≤ 0.001); 25.2 % presentó las complicaciones motivo de estudio (p ≤ 0.001), hemorrágicas en 48.8 %, tromboembólicas en 26.8 % y de ambos tipos en 24.4 % (riesgo relativo = 4.229); a 95.1 % de los pacientes con complicaciones se les colocó prótesis mecánica y a 4.9 %, biológica (p = 0.005); 49.7 % presentó INR no óptimo (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusiones: Ante riesgo alto de complicaciones tromboembólicas y hemorrágicas, la elección de las prótesis valvulares, la prevención y el seguimiento son prioridades, principalmente en quienes requieren terapia de anticoagulación.

Abstract Background: Heart valve replacement surgery with mechanical or biological prostheses entails a risk of thromboembolism and bleeding complications. Objective: To determine the complications related to complementary anticoagulation therapy and the probability of risk. Methods: One-hundred and sixty-three patients who underwent heart valve replacement between 2002 and 2016 with either mechanical or biological prostheses, and who received vitamin K antagonists after hospital discharge, were studied. Anticoagulation therapy was categorized into optimal and non-optimal according to INR values prior to the development of complications. Patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for thrombosis and/or bleeding were excluded. Results: In total, 68.7 % of patients received mechanical prostheses, and 31.3 %, biological prostheses (p ≤ 0.001); 25.2 % experienced the complications that motivated the study (p ≤ 0.001), which were hemorrhagic in 48.8 %, thromboembolic in 26.8 %, and of both types in 24.4 % (relative risk = 4.229). Among the patients with complications, 95.1 % received mechanical prostheses, and 4.9 %, biological (p = 0.005); non-optimal INR was identified in 49.7 % (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Given the high risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications, valve prostheses must be carefully chosen, and care priorities should include prevention and follow-up, especially in those patients who require anticoagulation therapy.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000373

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad extensa
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A. Díaz-García, Diego A. Corona-Cruz, José F. Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J. Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E. Blake-Cerda, Mónika Rivera-Márquez, Raúl López-Saucedo, Raúl A. Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I. Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M. Alatorre-Alexander, Jorge A. Alexander-Meza, Francisco Barrón-Barrón, Feliciano Blanco-Vázquez, Yazmín C. Campos-Gómez, Saúl Mata-Moya, Dolores de la Figueroa-Martínez, Pedro González-Cisneros, Paulina E. Íñiguez-García, Marco A. Lázaro-León, Jesús M. Loyola-García, Ulises Morales-Rivera, Marcelino Olivares-Torres, Carlos Ramos-Ramírez, Maritza Sáenz-Frías, Julia A. Silva-Bravo, Fernando Trejo-Rosales, Rogelio Souto-del Bosque, Miguel Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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Jun 2023, Volume 22 Nº 2 Páginas 55 - 73

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP enfermedad extensa en México basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad extensa, producto de preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas antes de incorporarla al cuerpo de la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad extensa del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica para estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by its rapid growth rate and the rapid development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of extensive disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, of extensive disease recommendations resulting from work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the Guide. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of extensive disease of SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000122

Identification techniques to prevent the current emerging disease hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis in white shrimp Penaeus vannamei: an overview
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Ibarra-Gámez, José Cuauhtémoc

; Rubio-García, María Fernanda

; Sánchez-Díaz, Ricardo

; Casillas-Hernández, Ramón

; Martínez-Ibarra, Diana M.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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Mar 2023, Volume 51 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 11

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Aquaculture combines techniques for breeding and harvesting aquatic organisms used in shrimp production. It is important as a source of income and for generating foreign exchange in the regions where it is practiced. However, the timely detection of diseases continues to be a great challenge for aquaculture and fisheries production. In recent years, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has emerged as a major pathogen of the Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in many Asian countries (Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, and Korea). In Latin America, only in Venezuela, and to date, there is no report of its presence in Mexico. It is transmitted directly from shrimp to shrimp by oral or fecal means, cannibalism, or exposure to contaminated water. Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) is mainly associated with stunted growth and severe infections that can cause a poor production cycle, mortality, and problems in larva-producing laboratories. This review aims to overview the main microsporidian parasites and diseases found in white shrimp, including the clinical signs, control and prevention measures for EHP infection, and the detection of HPM using different techniques. In order to offer timely detection tools, different techniques are available for the detection and study of microsporidia. Such as optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and histology; however, for diagnostic purposes, molecular methods are preferred due to their sensitivity, specificity, and short-time analysis. Our review suggests that constant monitoring in shrimp hatcheries and farms is essential to avoid the entry or transference of infected organisms, affecting shrimp production and the ideal development of healthy shrimp.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue1-fulltext-2693

Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de hepáticas epifitas del bosque mesófilo de montaña de Hidalgo, México
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Juárez-López, José Francisco Sánchez-González, Arturo López-Herrera, Maritza Martínez-Cabrera, Dorismilda

Polibotánica

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2023, Nº 56 Páginas 1 - 16

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las hepáticas se distribuyen de forma heterogénea en su hábitat, pues dependen de condiciones micro ambientales particulares para su establecimiento. En este trabajo se presenta un listado florístico y se estima la riqueza y semejanza en la composición de especies de hepáticas epifitas del bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM) de Hidalgo, a lo largo de un gradiente de altitud. Además, se integra información sobre sus patrones de distribución geográfica. Las muestras se tomaron en tres municipios con BMM del estado de Hidalgo en un intervalo de altitud de 1345-2019 m. En cada municipio se colocaron dos parcelas de muestreo de 0.1 ha en los extremos del gradiente altitudinal. Dentro de cada parcela se seleccionaron 10 árboles y en cada uno de ellos se colocaron tres micro parcelas de 10×10 cm sobre su corteza para estimar la riqueza de especies. Se determinaron nueve familias, 17 géneros, 29 especies y dos variedades de hepáticas. Las familias Lejeuneaceae y Plagiochilaceae presentaron el mayor número de especies. Los géneros Lejeunea Lib. y Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort. fueron los más diversos, con siete y cinco especies, respectivamente. La composición, riqueza y distribución de las especies fue variable a lo largo del gradiente analizado; la distribución geográfica de la mayoría de las especies (55 %), se restringe a la región neotropical.

Abstract Liverworts are distributed heterogeneously in their habitat, as they depend on particular micro environmental conditions for their establishment. In this work, a floristic list is presented and the richness, and similarity in the species composition of epiphytic liverworts from Hidalgo´s cloud forest (CF) is estimated, along an elevation gradient. In addition, information on their geographic distribution patterns is integrated. The samples were taken in three municipalities with CF of the Hidalgo state in an altitude interval of 1345-2019 m. On each site two sampling plots of 0.1 ha were placed at the ends of the altitudinal gradient. Within each plot, 10 trees were selected and in each of three micro plots of 10×10 cm were placed on its cortex to estimate the species richness. Nine families, 17 genera, 29 species and two varieties of liver were determined. Lejeuneaceae and Plagiochilaceae families presented the largest number of species. The Lejeunea Lib. and Plagiochila (Dumort.) Dumort were the most diverse genera, with seven and five species, respectively. The composition and richness of species were variables along the analyzed gradient; the geographic distribution of most of the species (55%) is restricted to the neotropical region.

https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.56.1

The rs4783961 and rs708272 genetic variants of the CETP gene are associated with coronary artery disease, but not with restenosis after coronary stenting
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Vargas-Alarcón, Gilberto Pérez-Méndez, Oscar Posadas-Sánchez, Rosalinda Peña-Duque, Marco A. Martínez-Ríos, Marco A. Delgadillo-Rodriguez, Hilda Fragoso, José M.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Set 2022, Volume 92 Nº 3 Páginas 334 - 341

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluamos si los polimorfismos del gen CETP están asociados con la presencia de enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) y/o restenosis en pacientes con stent coronario. Métodos: En este estudio se genotiparon dos polimorfismos del gen CETP [−971 A/G (rs4783961) y Taq1B A/G (rs708272)] mediante ensayos de 5'exonucleasa TaqMan en 219 pacientes con EAC (66 pacientes con restenosis y 153 sin restenosis), y 607 individuos de control. Resultados: La distribución de polimorfismos fue similar en pacientes con y sin restenosis. Sin embargo, cuando se comparó todo el grupo de pacientes (con y sin restenosis) con controles sanos, bajo el modelo dominante el alelo G del polimorfismo Taq1B A/G se asocia con un mayor riesgo de EAC (OR = 1.48, pCDom = 0.032). De la misma manera, bajo los modelos co-dominante, dominante y aditivo, el alelo A de los polimorfismos −971 A/G se asocia con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar EAC (OR = 2.03, pCCo-dom = 0.022, OR = 1.83, pCDom = 0,008 y OR = 1.39, pCAdd = 0.011, respectivamente). Adicionalmente, el desequilibrio de ligamiento mostró que el haplotipo “AG” se asocia con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar EAC (OR = 1.28, p = 0.03). Conclusión: En resumen, este estudio demuestra que los polimorfismos CETP Taq1B A/G y CETP −971 A/G están asociados con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar CAD, pero no se observó asociación con restenosis.

Abstract Objective: We evaluated whether cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or restenosis in patients with coronary stent. Methods: Two polymorphisms of the CETP gene [−971 A/G (rs4783961), and Taq1B A/G (rs708272)] were genotyped by 5'exonuclease TaqMan assays in 219 patients with CAD (66 patients with restenosis and 153 without restenosis) and 607 control individuals. Results: The distribution of polymorphisms was similar in patients with and without restenosis. However, when the whole group of patients (with and without restenosis) was compared to healthy controls, under dominant model, the G allele of the Taq1B A/G polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, pCDom = 0.032). In the same way, under codominant, dominant, and additive models, the A allele of the −971 A/G polymorphisms was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 2.03, pCCo-dom = 0.022, OR = 1.83, pCDom = 0.008, and OR = 1.39, pCAdd = 0.011, respectively). In addition, the linkage disequilibrium showed that the “AG” haplotype was associated with increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.28, p = 0.03). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CETP Taq1B A/G and CETP −971 A/G polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of developing CAD, but no association with restenosis was observed.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.21000039

10.

Safety and Revisit Related to Discharge the Sixty-one Spanish Emergency Department Medical Centers Without Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. A Prospective Cohort Study UMC-Pneumonia COVID-19
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Jacob, Javier Albert-Casado, Arantxa Castillo, Juan G. Del Llorens-Soriano, Pere Jiménez-Hernández, Sonia Burillo-Putze, Guillermo Martín-Martínez, Alfonso Martín-Sánchez, Francisco J. García-Lamberechts, Eric J. Piñera-Salmerón, Pascual Alquézar-Arbé, Aitor Ferre-Losa, Carles Juan-Gómez, María Á. Serrano-Lázaro, Leticia Noceda-Bermejo, José Salido-Mota, Manuel Fortuny-Bayarri, María J. González-Tejera, Matilde Ferreras-Amez, José M. Díaz-Fernández, Elena Quero-Motto, Eva Peiró-Gómez, Ana Martín-Mojarro, Enrique Llopis-Roca, Ferran Huerta-García, Arturo Pedraza-García, Jorge Meléndez-Cálix, Napoleón Brazó-Aznar, José V. Cano-Cano, María J. Miró, Óscar

Revista de investigación clínica

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Jun 2022, Volume 74 Nº 3 Páginas 135 - 146

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Information is needed on the safety and efficacy of direct discharge from the emergency department (ED) of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the variables associated with discharge from the ED in patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, and study ED revisits related to COVID-19 at 30 days (EDR30d). Methods: Multicenter study of the SIESTA cohort including 1198 randomly selected COVID patients in 61 EDs of Spanish medical centers from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. We collected baseline and related characteristics of the acute episode and calculated the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for ED discharge. In addition, we analyzed the variables related to EDR30d in discharged patients. Results: We analyzed 859 patients presenting with COVID-19 pneumonia, 84 (9.8%) of whom were discharged from the ED. The variables independently associated with discharge were being a woman (aOR 1.890; 95%CI 1.176-3.037), age < 60 years (aOR 2.324; 95%CI 1.353-3.990), and lymphocyte count > 1200/mm3 (aOR 4.667; 95%CI 1.045-20.839). The EDR30d of the ED discharged group was 40.0%, being lower in women (aOR 0.368; 95%CI 0.142-0.953). A total of 130 hospitalized patients died (16.8%) as did two in the group discharged from the ED (2.4%) (OR 0.121; 95%CI 0.029-0.498). Conclusion: Discharge from the ED in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was infrequent and was associated with few variables of the episode. The EDR30d was high, albeit with a low mortality.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.22000021

11.

Risk of infestations by Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann bark beetles in forests of Michoacán
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Martinez-Rincón, Sigifredo Valdez-Lazalde, José R. Santos-Posadas, Héctor M. de los Sánchez-Martínez, Guillermo

Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente

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Abr 2022, Volume 28 Nº 1 Páginas 37 - 55

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: En Norteamérica y Centroamérica se reportan infestaciones fuertes por Dendroctonus spp. En México, Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins y Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann son reconocidos como plagas forestales y son comunes en el estado de Michoacán. Objetivo: Modelar la distribución espacial actual y futura (2015-2039) del riesgo de brotes de D. mexicanus y D. frontalis en los bosques del estado de Michoacán, México. Materiales y métodos: Se conjuntaron técnicas de evaluación multicriterio, incluyendo el proceso de análisis jerárquico y funciones de membresía borrosa, con variables climáticas y biofísicas para obtener mapas del riesgo de infestación de bosques por D. mexicanus y D. frontalis bajo los escenarios climáticos actual y futuro. Resultados y discusión: El clima, incendio, densidad arbórea y topografía se identificaron como criterios relevantes que inciden en los brotes de descortezadores. El valor máximo de riesgo estimado para D. mexicanus fue 0.78 y 0.83 para el escenario actual y futuro, respectivamente; para D. frontalis estos valores corresponden a 0.84 y 0.85, respectivamente. En términos de superficie, el riesgo alto de infestación por D. mexicanus incrementó de 3.9 % (escenario actual) a 5.0 % (futuro); para D. frontalis disminuyó de 10.8 % a 9.6 %. El valor de riesgo muy alto permaneció constante (0.35 %) para ambas especies y escenarios. Conclusiones: En los dos escenarios modelados, los bosques de la Faja Volcánica Transversal (en la parte noreste de Michoacán) presentan el mayor riesgo de infestación por descortezadores.

Abstract Introduction: Severe Dendroctonus spp. infestations are reported in North and Central America. Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins and Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann are recognized as forest pests and are common in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. Objective: To model current and future (2015-2039) spatial distribution of risk of D. mexicanus and D. frontalis infestation in forests of Michoacán, Mexico. Materials and methods: Multicriteria evaluation techniques, including the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership functions, were combined with climate and biophysical variables to obtain forest infestation risk maps for D. mexicanus and D. frontalis under current and future climate scenarios. Results and discussion: Climate, fire, tree density and topography were identified as relevant criteria influencing bark beetle outbreaks. The maximum risk value estimated for D. mexicanus was 0.78 and 0.83 for the current and future scenarios, respectively; for D. frontalis these values correspond to 0.84 and 0.85, respectively. In terms of area, high risk of infestation by D. mexicanus increased from 3.9 % (current scenario) to 5.0 % (future scenario); for D. frontalis it decreased from 10.8 % to 9.6 %. The very high-risk value remained constant (0.35 %) for both species and scenarios. Conclusions: Forests of the Transversal Volcanic Belt (in the northeastern part of Michoacán) have the highest risk of bark beetle infestation in the two modeled scenarios.

https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2020.11.069

12.

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud
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Barquera, Simón Véjar-Rentería, Lesly Samara Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Garibay-Nieto, Nayely García-García, Eduardo Bonvecchio, Anabelle Perichart, Otilia Torres-Tamayo, Margarita Esquivias-Zavala, Héctor Villalpando-Carrión, Salvador García-Méndez, Rosalba Carolina Apolinar-Jiménez, Evelia Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha Martínez-Montañez, Olga Georgina Fajardo Niquete, Ileana Aguirre-Crespo, Alejandra Gómez-Álvarez, Enrique Hernández-Jiménez, Sergio C. Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Batis, Carolina Elías-López, Daniel Palos-Lucio, Ana Gabriela Vásquez-Garibay, Edgar M. Romero-Velarde, Enrique Ortiz-Rodríguez, María Araceli Almendra-Pegueros, Rafael Contreras, Alejandra Nieto, Claudia Hernández-Cordero, Sonia Munguía, Ana Rojas-Russell, Mario Sánchez-Escobedo, Samantha Delgado-Amézquita, Elvia Aranda-González, Irma Cruz-Casarrubias, Carlos Campos-Nonato, Ismael García-Espino, Fátima Martínez-Vázquez, Sophia Arellano-Gómez, Laura P. Caballero-Cantú, Idalia Hunot-Alexander, Claudia Valero-Morales, Isabel González-González, Lorena Ríos-Cortázar, Víctor Medina-García, Catalina Argumedo, Gabriela Calleja-Enríquez, Carmen Rosa Robles-Macías, Edna Nava-González, Edna J. Lara-Riegos, Julio Sánchez-Plascencia, Ana K. Hernández-Fernández, Mauricio Rodríguez-Núñez, Jose Luis Rangel-Quillo, Sarai Cancino-Marentes, Martha Edith Hernández-Viana, Mónica J. Saldivar-Frausto, Mariana Álvarez-Ramírez, Miriam Sandoval-Salazar, Cuauhtémoc Silva-Tinoco, Rubén Oswaldo Moreno-Villanueva, Mildred Villarreal-Arce, María Elena Barriguete, J. Armando White, Mariel Jauregui, Alejandra Tolentino-Mayo, Lizbeth López-Ridaura, Ruy Rivera-Dommarco, Juan

Salud Pública de México

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Abr 2022, Volume 64 Nº 2 Páginas 225 - 229

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

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Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

https://doi.org/10.21149/13679

13.

Guía de práctica clínica mexicana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica
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Pavía-López, Abel A. Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A. Ruiz-Gastelum, Edith D. Mayorga-Butrón, José L. Mehta, Roopa Díaz-Aragón, Filiberto A. Aldrete-Velasco, Jorge A. López-Juárez, Nitzia Cruz-Bautista, Ivette Chávez-Mendoza, Adolfo Secchi-Nicolás, Nikos C. Guerrero-Martínez, Francisco J. Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E. Mendoza-Zubieta, Victoria Fanghänel-Salmon, Guillermo Valdivia-Proa, Martha Olmos-Domínguez, Luis Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Dávila-Maldonado, Luis Vázquez-Rangel, Armando Pavia-Aubry, Vanina Nava-Hernández, María de los A. Hinojosa-Becerril, Carlos A. Anda-Garay, Juan C. Ríos-Ibarra, Manuel O. de los Berni-Betancourt, Ana C. López-Cuellar, Julio Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego Rivera-Reyes, Romina Borrayo-Sánchez, Gabriela Tapia-Hernández, Mónica Cano-Nigenda, Claudia V. Guerra-López, Arturo Elías-López, Josué Figueroa-Morales, Marco A. Montaño-Velázquez, Bertha B. Velasco-Hidalgo, Liliana Rodríguez-Lozano, Ana L. Pimentel-Hernández, Claudia Baquero-Hoyos, María M. Romero-Moreno, Felipe Rodríguez-Vega, Mario

Archivos de cardiología de México

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2022, Volume 92 Supl. 1 Páginas 1 - 62

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and Mexico is no exception. The epidemiological data obtained in 1990 showed that cardiovascular diseases represented 19.8% of all causes of death in our country. This figure increased significantly to 25.5% for 2015. Some national surveys suggest that more than 60% of the adult population has at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease (obesity or overweight, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemias). On the other hand, data from the Pan American Health Organization have linked the process of atherosclerosis as the first cause of premature death, significantly reducing life expectancy, which has enormous social repercussions. Objective: This document constitutes the Clinical Practice Guide (CPG) prepared at the initiative of the Mexican Society of Cardiology in collaboration with the Mexican Society of Nutrition and Endocrinology, AC, National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico, AC, Mexican Association for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis and its Complications, AC, National Normative Committee of General Medicine, AC, National College of Geriatric Medicine, AC, College of Internal Medicine of Mexico, AC, Mexican Society of Angiology and Vascular and Endovenous Surgery, AC, Mexican Institute of Research Nephrological, AC and the Mexican Academy of Neurology, A.C.; with the methodological support of the Ibero-American Agency for the Development and Evaluation of Health Technologies, in order to establish recommendations based on the best available evidence and agreed upon by an interdisciplinary group of experts. The objective of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations to help decision makers in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias in our country. Material and methods: This document complies with international quality standards, such as those described by the Institute of Medicine of the USA, the Institute of Clinical Excellence of Great Britain, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network and the Guidelines International Network. A multidisciplinary group of clinical experts and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and the development of clinical practice guidelines was formed. A scope document was agreed upon, relevant clinical questions were established, the best available evidence critically evaluated in systematic literature reviews was exhaustively identified, and clinical recommendations were developed. The modified Delphi Panel methodology was used to achieve an adequate level of consensus in each of the recommendations contained in this CPG. Results: 23 clinical questions were agreed upon which gave rise to their respective clinical recommendations. Conclusions: We consider that this document contributes to better clinical decision-making and becomes a point of reference for clinicians and patients in the management of dyslipidemias and this contributes to reducing the morbidity and mortality derived from atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in our country.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.m22000081

14.

Consenso de leucemia mieloide aguda en México
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Arana-Luna, Luara L. Alvarado-Ibarra, Martha Silva-Michel, Luis G. Morales-Maravilla, Adrián González-Rubio, María del C. Chávez-Aguilar, Lénica A. Tena-Iturralde, María Fernanda Mojica-Balceras, Liliana Zapata-Canto, Nidia Galindo-Delgado, Patricia Miranda-Madrazo, María Raquel Morales-Hernández, Alba E. Silva-Vera, Karina Grimaldo-Gómez, Flavio A. Hernández-Caballero, Álvaro Bates-Martin, Ramón A. Álvarez-Vera, José L. Tepepa-Flores, Fredy Teomitzi-Sánchez, Óscar Fermín-Caminero, Denisse J. Peña-Celaya, José A. de la Salazar-Ramírez, Óscar Flores-Villegas, Luz V. Guerra-Alarcón, Lidia V. Leyto-Cruz, Faustino Inclán-Alarcón, Sergio I. Milán-Salvatierra, Andrea I. Ventura-Enríquez, Yanet Pérez-Lozano, Uendy Báez-Islas, Pamela E. Tapia-Enríquez, Ana L. Palma-Moreno, Orlando G. Aguilar-Luévano, Jocelyn Espinosa-Partida, Arturo Pérez-Jacobo, Luis F. Rojas-Castillejos, Flavio Ruiz-Contreras, Josué I. Loera-Fragoso, Sergio J. Medina-Coral, Jesús E. Acosta-Maldonado, Brenda L. Soriano-Mercedes, Emely J. Saucedo-Montes, Erick E. Valero-Saldana, Luis M. González-Prieto, Susana G. Nava-Villegas, Lorena Hernández-Colin, Ana K. Hernández-Alcántara, Areli E. Zárate-Rodríguez, Pedro A. Ignacio-Ibarra, Gregorio Meillón-García, Luis A. Espinosa-Bautista, Karla A. Ledesma de la Cruz, Cindy Barbosa-Loría, Diego M. García-Castillo, Carolina Balderas-Delgado, Carolina Cabrera-García, Álvaro Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M. Hernández-Ruiz, Eleazar Villela-Peña, Atenas Gómez Cortés, Sue Cynthia Romero-Rodelo, Hilda Garzón-Velásquez, Katheryn B. Serrano-Hernández, Cristina Martínez-Ríos, Annel Pedraza-Solís, María Luisa Martínez-Coronel, Jorge A. Narváez-Davalos, Iris M. García-Camacho, Alinka S. Merino-Pasaye, Laura E. Aguilar-Andrade, Carolina Aguirre-Domínguez, Juan A. Guzmán-Mera, Pedro G. Delgado-de la Rosa, Elizabeth Flores López, Perla E. González-Aguirre, Lilia L. Ramírez-Alfaro, Edgar M. Vera-Calderón, Heidi Meza-Dávalos, María Lizeth Murillo-Cruz, Juan Pichardo-Cepín, Yayra M. Ramírez-Romero, Eva F.

Gaceta médica de México

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2022, Volume 158 Nº spe3 Páginas M1 - M51

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cell neoplasms of myeloid lineage that arise from the clonal expansion of their precursors in the bone marrow, interfering with cell differentiation, leading to a syndrome of bone marrow failure. AML is a consequence of genetic and epigenetic changes (point mutations, gene rearrangements, deletions, amplifications, and arrangements in epigenetic changes that influence gene expression) in hematopoietic precursor cells, which create a clone of abnormal cells that are capable of proliferating but cannot differentiate into mature hematopoietic cells or undergo programmed cell death. The diagnosis requires more than 20% myeloid blasts in the bone marrow and certain cytogenic abnormalities. Treatment will depend on age, comorbidities, and cytogenetic risk among the most frequent.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m21000597

15.

Consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la trombastenia de Glanzmann
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García-Chávez, Jaime Hernández-Juárez, Jesús Sánchez-Jara, Berenice García-Lee, María Teresa Rodríguez-Castillejos, Cecilia Montiel-Cervantes, Laura Moreno-Hernández, Manuel Ramos-Blas, Gustavo J. Soto-Padilla, Janet M. Flores-Villegas, Luz V. Pérez-Zúñiga, Juan M. López-Arroyo, José L. Villarreal-Martínez, Laura Madera-Maldonado, Cristina E. Herrejón-Carmona, Misael Lozano-Garcidueñas, Mónica Vargas-Ruiz, Ángel G. Hernández-Hernández, Darinel Peña-Díaz, Aurora de la Aquino-Fernández, Efraín Majluf-Cruz, Abraham

Gaceta médica de México

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2022, Volume 158 Nº spe4 Páginas 1 - 17

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las plaquetas tienen un papel central en diferentes escenarios fisiológicos, incluyendo la hemostasia; se unen unas con otras en la agregación plaquetaria, lo cual permite formar un coágulo plaquetario. Para que la agregación sea apropiada se requiere del complejo glicoproteico IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) en la superficie plaquetaria. Toda alteración funcional plaquetaria, hereditaria o adquirida, impide la formación adecuada del coágulo y se manifiesta como hemorragia. Las enfermedades plaquetarias hereditarias son raras y, hasta recientemente, fueron ignoradas. Una de las más reconocidas y estudiadas es la trombastenia de Glanzmann (TG), entidad en la cual el número de plaquetas puede ser normal pero la función está alterada. Es un padecimiento autosómico y recesivo que causa hemorragia de diferente intensidad toda la vida y en la cual el problema radica en precisamente en la GPIIb/IIIa. Las hemorragias son típicamente mucocutáneas: equimosis, púrpura, epistaxis, gingivorragia; menos frecuentes son la hemorragia gastrointestinal, hemartrosis o en sistema nervioso central. La hiperpolimenorrea es común en las mujeres y llega a ser tan importante que amerita transfusiones en la menarca. La TG afecta a todos los grupos étnicos y su prevalencia varía entre 1/40,000 y 1/400,000. A pesar de esta información acerca de la TG en el mundo, hay pocas guías o recomendaciones basadas en la opinión de expertos y experiencias unicéntricas. En México la TG es rara y no se cuenta con una recomendación general para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo de este documento fue establecer un consenso y hacer sugerencias generales para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Abstract Platelets have a central role in several physiological scenarios including hemostasis. Platelets bind each other during platelet aggregation allowing the proper formation of the clot; to be appropriate, platelet aggregation requires the glycoproteic complex IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). Every platelet function abnormality both, congenital or acquired, impedes clot formation and favors bleeding episodes. Hereditary platelet abnormalities are rare and, until recently, they were almost ignored. Among these disorders, Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) is a widely recognized abnormality in which platelet counts may be normal, but their function is affected. GT is an autosomal, recessive disease that causes life-long bleeding of different intensity. Main biochemical abnormality resides in GPIIb/IIIa. Bleeding is typically mucocutaneous: easy bruising, purpura, and nose and gum bleeds; less frequently are gastrointestinal bleeds, hemarthrosis, or intracranial. Menorrhagia and hyperpolymenorrhea are common findings in in women and may be the cause of anemia requiring blood transfusions at fertile age. GT affects all ethnic groups and its prevalence ranges between 1/40,000 to 1/400,000. Despite this worldwide information regarding GT, only a few guidelines and recommendations have been published, most of them based on expert opinions. In Mexico, GT is rare and there is not a general recommendation regarding its diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this document was to establish a consensus to suggest a general guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of GT in Mexico.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.m22000691

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