ABSTRACT: The road system is the main mode used for the transportation of agricultural cargo, and in some cases, it is the only option for handling this type of product. This dependence means that the implementation of tools to support the management of logistical costs can reduce the financial impact with the transport felt by the economic agents operating in the soybean chain. This study contributed to a better understanding of the variables that make up the cost of road freight, generating a system of road freight prediction from a multiple linear regression model using the selection of variables Stepwise, Forward, and Backward elimination. This being said, this research intends to evaluate whether the behavior of soybean road freight is influenced by the variables that make up the productive, economic, and infrastructure dimensions in price formation. The regression models had an explanatory power of 87.20%. In the infrastructure dimension, the most impact variable in soybean road freight was the distance traveled; in the economic dimension, the variables of inflation and fuel price stood out; while in the productive dimension, the main contribution was the volume of production. A more assertive predictability of logistical costs and better understanding of the dynamics of freight price formation helps industry agents in planning and decision-making. Another contribution of this study is that it can be used as a practical tool for predicting soybean road freight on several transportation routes. ABSTRACT cargo cases product chain Stepwise Forward elimination said 8720 87 20 87.20% dimension traveled out production decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making routes 872 8 2 87.20 87.2 87.

RESUMO: O sistema rodoviário é o principal modal utilizado para o transporte de cargas agrícolas, e em alguns casos, é a única opção para movimentação desse tipo de produto. Esta dependência faz com que a implementação de ferramentas para apoiar a gestão dos custos logísticos possa reduzir o impacto financeiro com o transporte sentido pelos agentes econômicos que atuam na cadeia da soja. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para um melhor entendimento das variáveis que compõem o custo dos fretes rodoviários, gerando um sistema de previsão de fretes rodoviários a partir de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla usando a seleção de variáveis Stepwise, Forward e a eliminação Backward. Isto posto, a pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar se o comportamento do frete rodoviário da soja é influenciado pelas variáveis que compõem as dimensões produtivas, econômicas e de infraestrutura na formação do preço. Os modelos de regressão tiveram um poder explicativo de 87,20%. Na dimensão infraestrutura o destaque foi a variável distância percorrida como a mais impactante no frete rodoviário da soja, na dimensão econômica as variáveis inflação e preço do combustível, enquanto que na dimensão produtiva a principal contribuição foi o volume de produção. A previsibilidade mais assertiva dos custos logísticos e melhor compreensão da dinâmica de formação do preço do frete auxilia os agentes do setor no planejamento e na tomada de decisão. Outra contribuição deste trabalho é que pode ser usado como uma ferramenta prática para a predição de fretes rodoviários da soja em diversas rotas de transporte. RESUMO agrícolas casos produto Stepwise Backward posto produtivas 8720 87 20 87,20% combustível produção decisão 872 8 2 87,20 87,2 87,

Abstract Purpose This study aims to analyze the complexities of the Brazilian soybean supply chain (SSC) and develop strategic interventions to improve the origin system’s performance. Design/methodology/approach This study used stakeholder interviews to identify the SSC bottlenecks and determine and assess drivers of competitiveness. A methodological framework based on the systems thinking approach for developing long-term structural changes was used. The problem was structured using behavior over time graph and causal loop modeling to propose three investment strategies to solve the logistics problem in SSC. Findings This study highlights the gaps in coordination between stakeholders and the public sector regarding the public policy for infrastructure investment. Three strategic interventions were developed to address the agro-industrial logistical problem, namely, investment in storage, multimodal transport systems and improvements in existing transport infrastructure. To overcome transport and storage logistics limitations, the authors suggest different forms of partnerships, including public-private partnerships. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to evaluating an agricultural commodity (soybean) and does not include its by-products. The sample of stakeholders was limited and the boundary of analysis was Brazil. Nevertheless, the study showed how strategic interventions could be developed following a holistic analysis. Practical implications The proposed integrated approach illustrates the development of three strategic initiatives. It can be implemented by stakeholders, including the public sector, which is the basis for providing assertive long-term investments in Brazilian logistics. Social implications The SSC analysis could promote the implementation of systemically determined interventions and strategies. It could significantly improve the performance of agricultural systems and help the formulation of public policies aimed at rural development. Originality/value The use of system dynamics to identify intervention points is an essential contribution to mitigating the SSC’s hindrances. Moreover, the combining methodologies resulted in comprehensive intervention strategies.

Abstract Paper aims To define and evaluate the environmental performance of the implementation of reverse logistics (RL) for empty pesticide plastic containers (EPPC) in Brazil through the Campo Limpo System (CLS). Originality Discussion about the implementation of RL for the development of sustainable systems, through the identification of environmental impacts associated with RL of EPPC by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Research method CLS is described and used to quantify the potential environmental impacts of the RL chain of EPPC waste management by using the LCA methodology. The analysis comprehends the situations prior and post implementation of the CLS, it takes into account container manufacturing, transportation and end-of-life. Main findings Implementation of the CLS resulted in a reduction in nine assessed environmental impacts categories, ranging from a reduction of 79% to 26% in potential impacts. The stage leading to the largest contribution to environmental impacts is the manufacturing of EPPC. For end-of-life options, recycling proved to be the best option to lower environmental impacts. Implications for theory and practice Results show that the public policy was environmentally effective given that current activities in EPPC management led to lower environmental impacts enabling the development of a sustainable supply chain.

RESUMO: A última fronteira agrícola brasileira conhecida como MATOPIBA, acrônimo de Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, é uma região que vem se destacando no cenário da agricultura moderna de grande escala e intensiva em capital e tecnologia. No entanto, entraves relacionados ao sistema de transporte, principalmente com relação aos altos custos logísticos, vêm impactando negativamente esse setor. Para otimizar o desempenho dessa cadeia foi desenvolvido um modelo de minimização dos custos de transporte, operacionalizado por programação linear sob a forma de uma matriz origem-destino. A proposta deste trabalho é avaliar se a utilização da Ferrovia Norte-Sul apresenta potencial como nova rota intermodal alternativa para a exportação da soja da região do MATOPIBA, afim de minimizar o custo com transporte e promover a viabilidade de novos portos localizados na região Nordeste do país. Esta configuração também pode contribuir para reduzir a sobrecarga do Porto de Santos (SP). Dois cenários foram propostos com base na safra 2016/17, onde o primeiro cenário (A) foi composto apenas por rotas rodoviárias, enquanto o segundo (B), além dessas rotas foram incorporadas as rotas intermodais rodoferroviária e rodohidroviária. Como resultado, o custo total de transporte teve uma redução de 30% no cenário B, e cerca da metade de toda a carga foi escoada pela nova rota intermodal rodoferroviária com destino ao Porto de Itaqui na região Nordeste. Esta configuração promove uma logística de distribuição mais sustentável para a soja, com uso mais racional dos modais de transporte e a descentralização dos investimentos para outras regiões.

ABSTRACT: The last Brazilian agricultural frontier known as MATOPIBA, an acronym for the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piaui and Bahia, is a region that has stood out in the scenario of modern large-scale agriculture intensive in capital and technology. However, barriers related to the transportation system, especially regarding the high logistics costs, have been negatively impacting this sector. To optimize the performance of this chain, a model for minimizing transportation costs was developed, using linear programming with an origin-destination matrix. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate whether the use of the North-South Railroad has potential as a new alternative intermodal route for soybean export from the MATOPIBA region, in order to minimize the transportation costs and promote the viability of new ports located in the northeast region of the country. This configuration can also contribute to reduce the overload of Santos Port (SP). Two scenarios were proposed based on the 2016/17 harvest of soybeanwhere the first scenario (A) consisted only of road routes, while the second (B), in addition to these routes, incorporated road-rail and road-water way intermodal routes. As a result, total transportation cost was reduced by 30% in scenario B and about half of all cargo was shipped by the new intermodal road-rail route to the Itaqui Port in the Northeast region. This configuration promotes a more sustainable logistics chain for soy, with more rational use of transport modes and decentralization of investments to other regions.