Lantana caatingensis Moldenke (Verbenaceae) is an endemic plant from northeastern Brazil. However, its chemical composition is almost unknown. This study aimed to characterize the chemical compounds found in L. caatingensis and investigate the antileishmanial potential of its hydroalcoholic extract and polar fractions. Compounds present in the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from L. caatingensis leaves and its polar fractions (ethyl acetate and methanolic) were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a photodiode-array detector coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. An antileishmanial assay was performed in a 96-well plate against Leishmania major promastigotes using resazurin on a plate spectrophotometer and the results were expressed as percentage of growth inhibition. Nine compounds were determined in the investigated extract and fractions, classified as flavonoids, flavonoid C-glycosides and phenylethanoid glycosides. The antileishmanial activity revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were active against L. major promastigotes with inhibitory concentration of 71.78 and 26.86 µg mL-1, respectively, while the methanolic fraction was inactive (478.40 µg mL-1). This is the first report on the chemical composition and antileishmanial activity of L. caatingensis extracts. These results contribute to further knowledge of species belonging to the Lantana genus. Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae Brazil However unknown L photodiodearray photodiode array timeofflight time flight spectrometry 96well well 96 inhibition flavonoids Cglycosides C glycosides 7178 71 78 71.7 2686 26 86 26.8 mL1, mL1 mL 1, 1 mL-1 respectively 478.40 47840 478 40 (478.4 mL1. . mL-1) extracts genus 9 717 7 71. 268 2 8 26. mL- 478.4 4784 47 4 (478. 478. (478 (47 (4 (

In this study, it was investigated chitosan (CHIT) films in the presence or absence of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP), whose chemical interactions involving metallic surfaces were characterized by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Changes in the morphology were analyzed through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and AFM micrographs revealed that the incorporation of CNF significantly altered CHIT films, leading to changes in the polymer topography and surface texture due to intimal interactions between CNF and the CHIT matrix. Raman spectra of CHIT and CNF/CHIT films showed similar profiles, reflecting comparable molecular structures of both modified biopolymers. However, SERS spectra of both films, after recovering with AgNP, demonstrated distinct spectral profiles. Innovatively, density functional theory (DFT) calculations of an oligomer model for CHIT were employed to assign the vibrational modes observed in the SERS spectra, which allowed identify key interactions between CHIT moieties and AgNP surfaces. SERS results revealed that chemical adsorption of CHIT on AgNP surfaces occurs through interactions of glycosidic oxygen and amino groups. Such findings provide insights into the structural and chemical behavior of this nanocomposite, highlighting its potential for advanced biological applications. study (CHIT (CNF , (AgNP) surfaceenhanced enhanced (SERS spectroscopy (AFM SEM. . (SEM) matrix CNFCHIT profiles biopolymers However Innovatively DFT (DFT groups nanocomposite applications (AgNP (SEM

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are versatile organisms that catalyze the conversion of a wide range of carbon sources into biomolecules of great industrial interest. In this study, we exploited the ability of Gluconobacter spp. to synthesize levans. Among the isolated strains, Gluconobacter cerinus UELBM11 produced approximately 14.0 g L−1 of levan under non-optimized conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that levan obtained from G. cerinus UELBM11 consisted of a β-(2→6)-D-fructose backbone with some β-(2→1) ramifications. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the purified levan was 8.78 × 105 Da. Thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis indicated high thermal stability, with the maximum decomposition rate observed at 227.44 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a microporous morphology, and the antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that levan had a high scavenging capacity of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, it has been demonstrated the levan produced by G. cerinus UELBM11 is a promising natural antioxidant and, owing to its microporosity and excellent thermal properties and stability, is a potential candidate as an additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. AAB (AAB interest study spp levans strains UELBM UELBM1 140 14 0 14. L1 L 1 L− nonoptimized non optimized conditions chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS, GCMS GC MS , (GC-MS) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) NMR (NMR G β2→6Dfructose β26Dfructose βDfructose β 2→6 D fructose 2 6 β2→1 β21 2→1 β-(2→1 ramifications Mw (Mw 878 8 78 8.7 10 Da Thermogravimetricdifferential Thermogravimetric differential TGA/DTG TGADTG TGA DTG (TGA/DTG stability 22744 227 44 227.4 C °C SEM (SEM morphology 2,2azinobis 22azinobis azinobis 2,2 azino bis 3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic 3 ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic ABTS (ABTS radicals Therefore cosmetics pharmaceuticals products (GC-MS (FTIR β2 6Dfructose Dfructose 26 2→ β2→ 21 β-(2→ 87 7 8. 2274 22 4 227. 2azinobis 2, β-(2 β-( β-

ABSTRACT Non-traditional galactomannans sources are widely cultivated in the Brazilian Northeast Region, such as the species Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) and Delonix regia (flamboyant). The galactomannans GM-CP and GM-DR were extracted from the respective seeds and are being studied as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. Groups of three female rats received oral GMCP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas a control group received vehicle (saline). Since there was no lethality, other groups received doses of 2000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Organs and blood samples were collected on day 14. Mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx were measured in other groups receiving intra-articular doses of GM-CP or GM-DR (200 µg, n = 5 per group). Neither galactomannan evoked physiological / behavioral changes or joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was less than 2000 mg kg-1, such polysaccharides may be allocated in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. Nontraditional Non traditional Region peacock flower flamboyant. flamboyant . (flamboyant) GM CP GMDR DR agents reported 300 (30 kg1, kg1 kg 1 , kg-1) saline. saline (saline) lethality 200 1, kg-1 14 intraarticular intra articular (20 µg group. group) inflammation LD LD5 Chemicals (flamboyant 30 (3 (saline 20 kg- (2 3 ( 2

RESUMO Fontes não tradicionais de galactomananas são amplamente cultivadas na Região Nordeste do Brasil, como as sementes das espécies ornamentais Caesalpinia pulcherrima (flor-depavão) e Delonix regia (flamboiã). As galactomananas GM-CP e GM -DR, extraídas respectivamente dessas sementes, estão sendo estudadas como potenciais agentes terapêuticos, mas avaliações sistemáticas sobre a toxicidade aguda das mesmas ainda não foram relatadas. Grupos de três ratas receberam GM-CP ou GM-DR oral (300 mg kg-1), enquanto um grupo controle recebeu veículo (solução salina). Como não houve letalidade, outros grupos receberam doses de 2000 mg kg-1, o que também não causou letalidade. A coleta de órgãos e amostras de sangue foi feita no dia 14. A hipernocicepção mecânica e o influxo de células inflamatórias foram medidos em outros grupos que receberam doses intra-articulares de GM-CP ou GM-DR (200 µg, n = 5 por grupo). Ambas as galactomananas não evocaram alterações fisiológicas/comportamentais ou inflamação articular. Como a DL50 não foi inferior a 2000 mg kg-1, tais polissacarídeos podem ser alocados na classe 5 do Sistema Globalmente Harmonizado para Classificação e Rotulagem de Produtos Químicos. Brasil flordepavão flor depavão (flor-depavão flamboiã. flamboiã . (flamboiã) GMCP CP DR, DR -DR terapêuticos relatadas GMDR 300 (30 kg1, kg1 kg 1 , kg-1) solução salina. salina salina) letalidade 200 1, kg-1 14 intraarticulares intra articulares (20 µg grupo. grupo) fisiológicascomportamentais fisiológicas comportamentais articular DL DL5 Químicos (flamboiã 30 (3 20 kg- (2 3 ( 2

Abstract Objective The current study delves into the accessibility of genetic evaluations for individuals with orofacial clefts (OC), comparing data between genetics and treatment centers across Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed primary data from 1463 OC individuals registered in the Brazilian Database of Craniofacial Anomalies (BDCA) between 2008 and 2018 without age or sex selection. Diagnostic exam results stemming from research projects until 2023 were considered. Results Of the 1463 individuals with typical OC, 987 were non-syndromic, 462 were syndromic (SOC), 10 presented atypical forms, and three were not specified OC cases. The average age for accessing laboratory diagnosis was 8.5 years among SOC individuals. Notably, more SOC cases were registered in genetics centers than treatment and rehabilitation centers (37.1 % vs. 29 %, p = 0.0015). Those originating from genetics centers accessed diagnosis at an average age of 7.3 years, while those from treatment and rehabilitation centers experienced delays with an average age of 10.7 years (p = 0.0581). Conclusions Irrespective of the center of origin, the data highlight delayed diagnosis and challenges in accessing genetic tests for the syndromic group. Given the widespread reliance on the public health system by most of the Brazilian population, disseminating this data can significantly contribute to shaping an informed perspective on healthcare access. These insights can improve public policies tailored to the unique needs of individuals with OC. , (OC) Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 146 BDCA (BDCA 200 201 selection 202 considered 98 nonsyndromic, nonsyndromic non syndromic, non-syndromic 46 SOC, (SOC) 1 forms 85 8 5 8. Notably 37.1 371 37 (37. vs 2 0.0015. 00015 0.0015 . 0 0015 0.0015) 73 7 3 7. 107 10. 0.0581. 00581 0.0581 0581 0.0581) origin group population access (OC 14 20 9 4 (SOC 37. (37 0001 0.001 001 0058 0.058 058 (3 000 0.00 00 005 0.05 05 ( 0.0 0.

Abstract Objective It was to verify the association between the definition of sex of rearing and, clinical and cytogenetic features among patients with genital ambiguity referred without a sex assignment. Methods The sample consisted of 133 patients with genital ambiguity seen at a single reference service. These patients did not have a defined social sex at the first consultation and their etiological diagnosis was obtained during follow-up. Results A total of 133 cases were included, 74 of which were reared as males and 59 as females. No correlation was found between the year of birth and the year of the first consultation with the definition of sex of rearing. However, the definition of sex of rearing was associated with age at the first consultation, severity of genital ambiguity, presence of palpable gonad(s), presence of uterus on ultrasound, karyotype, and diagnosis. Palpable gonad(s), more virilized genitalia, absence of a uterus on ultrasound, 46, XY karyotype, or a karyotype with sex chromosome abnormalities emerged as strong predictors for defining male sex. All 77 (58 %) patients over 18 years old had a gender identity in accordance with the sex of rearing; though 9 of 77 (12 %) had homo or bisexual orientation, especially girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Conclusions Clinical and cytogenetic data were strongly associated with the definition of the sex of rearing of children with genital ambiguity referred to a DSD center without sex assignment. Management in a specialized center allows the establishment of a gender identity in accordance with the sex of rearing. assignment 13 service followup. followup follow up. up follow-up included 7 5 females However gonads, gonads gonad s , gonad(s) ultrasound genitalia 46 58 (5 % 1 12 (1 orientation Hyperplasia gonad(s 4 (

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its possible correlations with clinical characteristics in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in a single center in Brazil. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 53 children with the diagnosis of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome prior to an autism spectrum disorder assessment. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of autism spectrum disorder. Available variables (sex, medications, median age at onset of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, and presence of comorbidities) were compared using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Results Among the included patients, 12 (23 %) were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.29 (95 % confidence interval 0.174-0.492). The age at the first seizure ranged from 3 to 15 months, with a mean of 6.65 months. This age significantly differed between participants with autism spectrum disorder (10.58 months) and those without (5.43 months), p<0.001. Conclusion Children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome have a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later age of onset and period of spasm occurrence might be predisposing risk factors. Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 5 assessment sex, sex (sex medications comorbidities MannWhitney Mann Whitney chisquare chi square tests 1 23 (2 029 0 29 0.2 95 (9 0.1740.492. 01740492 0.174 0.492 . 174 492 0.174-0.492) months 665 6 65 6.6 10.58 1058 10 58 (10.5 5.43 543 43 (5.4 , p0001 p 001 p<0.001 factors 2 ( 02 0. 9 1740 0.1740.492 0174049 0174 0.17 0492 0.49 17 49 0.174-0.492 66 6. 10.5 105 (10. 5.4 54 4 (5. p000 00 p<0.00 0.1740.49 017404 017 0.1 049 0.4 0.174-0.49 10. (10 5. (5 p00 p<0.0 0.1740.4 01740 01 04 0.174-0.4 (1 p0 p<0. 0.1740. 0.174-0. p<0 0.1740 0.174-0 p< 0.174-

RESUMO No contexto atual, de subida dos custos de produção, é essencial otimizar a gestão dos recursos disponíveis, o que pressupõe a incorporação de tecnologias que melhorem o conhecimento sobre as variáveis envolvidas no processo produtivo. Este estudo teve por objetivo demonstrar os benefícios de definir e validar zonas de gestão (ZG) numa vinha. Para o efeito foram realizados dois levantamentos expeditos da parcela experimental, um realizado com um sensor de contacto (“Veris 2000 XA”) para medir a resistividade do solo e, a partir desta, a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa), e outro realizado com um recetor GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de precisão (RTK) que permitiu o levantamento altimétrico. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamentos geoestatísticos que permitiram a definição de três ZG com diferente potencial produtivo (menor, intermédio e maior). A validação das ZG foi realizada a partir de parâmetros do solo (textura, pH, matéria orgânica, humidade, fósforo, potássio, bases de troca e capacidade de troca catiónica) e de medições da compactação (índice de cone, IC), realizadas com um cone penetrómetro eletrónico. A análise estatística dos resultados confirmou que estes parâmetros validaram as ZG identificadas a partir dos dados da CEa e da altimetria. Esta validação comprova o interesse de ferramentas tecnológicas expeditas para monitorizar a CEa como uma etapa fundamental para implementar processos agronómicos inteligentes de tomada de decisão.

ABSTRACT In the current context of rising production costs, optimizing the management of available resources is crucial, specially by incorporating technologies that enhance our understanding of the variables involved in the agronomic production process. This study aimed to demonstrate the benefits of defining and validating management zones (MZ) in a vineyard. For this purpose, two quick surveys of the experimental field were conducted using a contact sensor (“Veris 2000 XA”), to measure the soil resistivity and thereby determine the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), and another survey using a precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver (RTK- Real Time Kinematics) for altimetric measurements. The results underwent geostatistical analysis to define three MZs with different productive potential (less, intermediate, and more productive potential). The validation of these MZs was based on various soil parameters (texture, pH, organic matter-OM, moisture content, phosphorous, potassium, exchange bases, and cation exchange capacity-CEC) and soil compaction measurements (cone index-CI) using an electronic cone penetrometer. Statistical analysis confirmed that these parameters validated the MZs identified from the ECa and altimetric data. This validation attests the value of using expeditious technological tools to monitor ECa as a key step to in implementing intelligent agronomic decision-making processes.

RESUMO A Agricultura de Precisão (AP) procura validar ferramentas tecnológicas que permitam captar a variabilidade espacial das culturas e do solo, o que constitui a base para o estabelecimento de zonas homogéneas de gestão (ZHG). Os sensores que medem a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa) são exemplo destas ferramentas no levantamento da variabilidade espacial das caraterísticas do solo. A estabilidade temporal dos padrões de variabilidade espacial da CEa é essencial para assegurar corretas decisões a médio e longo prazo. Neste estudo, foram usados dois sensores de CEa, um sensor de contacto (Veris 2000 XA) e um sensor de indução eletromagnética (EM-38), em quatro parcelas de pastagens permanentes de sequeiro no Alentejo. O levantamento com o sensor de contacto foi realizado em outubro de 2018 e o levantamento com o sensor de indução foi realizado em setembro de 2020. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estabilidade temporal dos padrões das ZHG resultantes de medições da CEa com diferentes sensores em diferentes datas. O processamento de dados incluiu a sincronização das coordenadas geográficas obtidas pelos dois sensores em cada parcela e o estabelecimento de ZHG a partir de análise geoestatística, tanto da CEa como da altimetria. Apesar das condições do solo serem diferentes, nomeadamente em termos de humidade, e dos sensores terem uma forma diferente de medição (de contacto versus não contacto), os valores da CEa mostraram correlações estatisticamente significativas em todos os campos experimentais, o que se refletiu na estabilidade dos padrões espaciais das ZHG obtidas. Estes resultados abrem boas perspetivas para futuros desenvolvimentos, os quais deverão ocorrer ao nível dos algoritmos que permitam a validação da variabilidade espacial e da estabilidade temporal da CEa através de amostragem inteligente do solo, conduzindo a recomendações sustentadas ao nível da fertilização ou da correção do solo.

ABSTRACT Precision agriculture (PA) intents to validate technological tools that capture soil and crop spatial variability, which constitute the basis for the establishment of differentiated management zones (MZ). Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors are commonly used to survey soil spatial variability. Temporal stability of the surveys is essential to ensure correct medium and long-term decisions. In this study, an ECa contact-type sensor (Veris 2000 XA) and an electromagnetic induction sensor (EM-38) were used in four fields of dryland pastures in Alentejo region of Portugal. The first survey was carried out in October 2018 and the second was carried out in September 2020. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal stability of ECa patterns using different types of sensors. Data processing involved synchronizing geographic coordinates obtained by the two types of ECa sensors in each location and establishing MZ based on geostatistical analysis of altimetry and ECa data. Although the basic technologies have different principles (contact versus non-contact sensors), the surveys were carried out at different soil moisture conditions and were temporarily separated (about 2 years), ECa measurements showed statistically significant correlation in all experimental fields, which was reflected in spatially stable patterns of the MZ maps. These results provide perspectives for future developments, which will need to occur in the creation of algorithms that allow validating the spatial variability and temporal stability of ECa through smart soil sampling and analysis to allow recommendations for sustained soil amendment or fertilization.

ABSTRACT At the end of the 1970s, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) promoted policies to attract investments from the developed capitalist world, aiming for technological transfer and offering a profitable environment in exchange. Although the TNC capital, know-how, and technology have been key factors for Chinese development, the State has planned and regulated those investments, so they can be aligned with an autonomous project of development, avoiding the classic centre-periphery dependency relationship. This paper analysis focuses on the Five-Year Plans, and the regulation policy laws for inward investment. At the end we analyse the FDI data, which allowed us to identify the main changes and distinct phases of the development of FDI and the State policy. 1970s s Peoples People PRC (PRC world exchange capital knowhow, knowhow know how, how know-how centreperiphery centre periphery relationship FiveYear Five Year Plans investment data

RESUMO No final da década de 1970, a República Popular da China (RPC) promoveu políticas de atração de investimentos do mundo capitalista desenvolvido, visando à transferência tecnológica e oferecendo um ambiente lucrativo em troca. Embora o capital, o know-how e a tecnologia das ETN tenham sido fatores fundamentais para o desenvolvimento chinês, o Estado planejou e regulou esses investimentos, de modo que possam ser alinhados a um projeto autônomo de desenvolvimento, evitando a clássica relação de dependência centro-periferia. A análise deste trabalho centra-se nos Planos Quinquenais e nas leis de política de regulação para o investimento interno. Ao final analisamos os dados do IDE, que nos permitiram identificar as principais mudanças e distintas fases do desenvolvimento do IDE e da política de Estado. 1970 RPC (RPC desenvolvido troca capital knowhow know how chinês centroperiferia. centroperiferia centro periferia. periferia centro-periferia centrase centra se interno 197 19 1

Abstract Objective: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). Methods: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. Results: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett’s test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. Conclusion: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese. Objective 2 3 cases (SSIPPE translate adapt SSIPPEBr. SSIPPEBr Br . (SSIPPE-Br) Methods crosscultural cross cultural adaptation translations backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation prefinal pre final crossculturally Brazil 13itens itens 13 Br. SSIPPEBr, Br, crosssectional sectional out (CABI used Results 12 97 9 7 9. 28 8 2. years 4 male Cronbachs Cronbach s alpha 086 0 86 0.8 089 89 0.89 consistency KMO 0755 755 0.755 Bartletts Bartlett 0.001 0001 001 705 70 5 70. variability 094 94 0.9 1 perfect pvalue p value Conclusion Portuguese (SSIPPE-Br 08 0. 075 75 0.75 0.00 000 00 09 07 0.7 0.0

Abstract Nowadays, despite the implementation of new wind farms in Brazil, it still is difficult to form partnerships with companies in the sector, which significantly contributes to the gap in information provided by national literature and the lack of knowledge about the mechanical behavior of wind turbines subjected to transient wind effects. Therefore, through a Research and Development Project to optimize and improve modeling in wind systems, the Brazilian electric power company Eletrobras Furnas aims to facilitate the construction of smaller wind turbines to supply energy to regions far from the Brazilian coast that do not have high generation potential due to the incidence of low-speed winds. Two relevant aspects directly linked to the performance of this kind of structures are: (i) determining their natural frequency and (ii) ensuring that this frequency does not coincide with any external vibration frequency that the structure may experience in its lifetime. Wind turbines are complex systems with many degrees of freedom and their own frequencies associated with the respective mode shapes in which they naturally vibrate. These frequencies are inversely related to the mass and directly related to the stiffness of the structure. Thus, through numerical modeling using the Finite Element Method, the present article aims to list some of the main factors that can affect the prediction of the natural frequency of a real-scale wind turbine prototype and to evaluate its dynamic behavior, considering its rotor revolution frequency, its blade passing frequency and the wind characteristics of its operating area. Nowadays Brazil sector effects Therefore lowspeed low speed winds i (i ii (ii lifetime vibrate Thus Method realscale real scale area

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney problems may be due to low birth weight alone or may occur in association with other conditions. The objective this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and birth characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and kidney function deficit in low birth weight infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children who were born weighing < 2500 grams and were under outpatient follow-up. Maternal factors investigated were prenatal care and presence of hypertension, diabetes, and infection during pregnancy. The children’s variables were sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, use of nephrotoxic medications, age, body weight at the time of evaluation, height, and serum creatinine and cystatin C dosages. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the combined Zapittelli equation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for identification of associated factors, with renal function deficit (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) as the dependent variable. Results: Of the 154 children evaluated, 34.42% had kidney function deficit. Most of them had a gestational age > 32 weeks (56.6%), a mean birth weight of 1439.7 grams, and mean estimated GFR of 46.9 ± 9.3 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was a significant association of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with children’s current weight and use of nephrotoxic drugs. Discussion: Children born with low birth weight had a high prevalence of kidney function deficit and current normal weight was a protective factor while the use of nephrotoxic drugs during perinatal period increased the chance of kidney deficit. These findings reinforce the need to evaluate the kidney function in these children, especially those who use nephrotoxic drugs. Introduction conditions characteristics measurements infants Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 250 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up hypertension diabetes pregnancy childrens s sex score medications evaluation height dosages equation 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1.7 m variable Results 15 evaluated 3442 34 42 34.42 3 56.6%, 566 56.6% , 56 (56.6%) 14397 1439 7 1439. 469 46 9 46. 93 9. Discussion 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1. 344 4 34.4 56.6 5 (56.6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34. 56. (56.6 14 mL/min/ (56. mL/min (56 (5 (

RESUMO Introdução: Problemas renais podem ser devido apenas ao baixo peso ao nascer ou podem ocorrer em associação com outras condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre características maternas e de nascimento, medidas antropométricas e déficit da função renal em bebês de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças que nasceram com peso < 2500 gramas e estavam sob acompanhamento ambulatorial. Os fatores maternos investigados foram cuidados pré-natal e presença de hipertensão, diabetes e infecção durante a gravidez. As variáveis das crianças foram sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, índice Apgar, uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos, idade, peso corporal no momento da avaliação, altura e dosagens séricas de creatinina e cistatina C. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada com a equação combinada de Zapittelli. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística multivariada para identificação de fatores associados, com déficit da função renal (TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) como variável dependente. Resultados: Das 154 crianças avaliadas, 34,42% apresentaram déficit da função renal. A maioria tinha idade gestacional > 32 semanas (56,6%), peso médio ao nascer de 1439,7 gramas, e TFG média estimada de 46,9 ± 9,3 mL/min/1,73 m2. Houve uma associação significativa da TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 com o peso atual das crianças e o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Discussão: Crianças nascidas com baixo peso apresentaram alta prevalência de déficit da função renal e o peso atual normal foi um fator de proteção, enquanto o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos durante o período perinatal aumentou a chance de déficit renal. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de avaliar a função renal destas crianças, especialmente aquelas que usam medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Introdução condições nascimento Métodos 250 ambulatorial prénatal pré natal hipertensão gravidez sexo Apgar avaliação C Zapittelli Utilizouse Utilizou se associados 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1,7 m dependente Resultados 15 avaliadas 3442 34 42 34,42 3 56,6%, 566 56,6% , 56 (56,6%) 14397 1439 7 1439, 469 46 9 46, 93 9, Discussão proteção 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1, 344 4 34,4 56,6 5 (56,6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34, 56, (56,6 14 mL/min/ (56, mL/min (56 (5 (

Resumen: Este estudio pretende profundizar en las potencialidades y las dificultades de la digitalización en la experiencia real de comercialización de los actores fundamentales de la cadena hortofrutícola uruguaya (productores, comerciantes, intermediarios, consumidores y trabajadores del sector público y privado). Para ello, se describieron y consultaron a estos actores y sus proyectos en busca de apreciaciones o puntos de vista sobre innovaciones técnicas, barreras a la comercialización, trabajo familiar, políticas públicas, presión por el uso de la tierra y otros problemas complejos. A través de un “muestreo en bola de nieve”, realizando cuestionarios semiestructurados durante más de 4 meses desde INIA Las Brujas, obtuvimos información principalmente de actores del sur y algunos puntos del noroeste y centro-este de Uruguay. Las opiniones surgen de la complejidad de las personas en sus diferentes roles, con la esperada aparición de tensiones y contradicciones en diferentes momentos de la investigación-acción participativa. Pudimos apreciar que la cuarta y quinta Revolución Industrial están teniendo un impacto significativo en la cadena hortifrutícola uruguaya. La tecnología digital está brindando nuevas herramientas para la comercialización de productos, como plataformas de comercio electrónico, aplicaciones móviles, tecnologías de trazabilidad y monitoreo para el análisis de datos, etcétera. El apoyo a esta transformación provino tanto de iniciativas privadas como de proyectos públicos, algunos de los cuales se reseñan. Discutimos algunas causas de las disparidades en la digitalización y algunas soluciones, debatiendo el papel de cada uno de los actores representados y sus posibilidades de cambio.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa estudar com profundidade as potencialidades e dificuldades da digitalização na experiência real de comercialização dos atores fundamentais da cadeia de frutas e hortaliças uruguaia (produtores, comerciantes, intermediários, consumidores, trabalhadores dos setores público e privado). Para tanto, esses atores e seus projetos foram descritos e consultados em busca de apreciações ou pontos de vista sobre inovações técnicas, barreiras à comercialização, trabalho familiar, políticas públicas, pressão pelo uso da terra e outros problemas complexos. Através de uma “amostragem em bola de neve”, realizando questionários semiestruturados durante mais de 4 meses no INIA Las Brujas, obtivemos informações principalmente de atores do sul e de alguns pontos do noroeste e centro-leste do Uruguai. As opiniões surgem da complexidade das pessoas nos seus diferentes papéis, com o aparecimento esperado de tensões e contradições em diferentes momentos da investigação-ação participativa. Constatamos que a Quarta e a Quinta Revolução Industrial estão tendo um impacto significativo na cadeia de frutas e hortaliças uruguaia. A tecnologia digital está proporcionando novas ferramentas para a comercialização de produtos como plataformas de comércio eletrônico; aplicações móveis, tecnologias de rastreabilidade e monitoramento para análise de dados, etc. O apoio para esta transformação veio tanto de iniciativas privadas como de projetos públicos, alguns dos quais são descritos. Discutimos algumas causas das disparidades na digitalização e algumas soluções, debatendo o papel de cada um dos atores representados e suas possibilidades de mudança.

Abstract: This study aims to delve into the potentials and difficulties of digitalization on the real commercial experience of some of the fundamental actors in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain (producers, merchants, intermediaries, consumers, and private and public technicians). For that, these social actors and their projects were described and consulted in search of appreciations or points of view regarding technical innovations, barriers to commercialization, family labor, public policies, pressure for land use, and other complex problems. Through a “snowball sampling”, carrying out semi-structured questionnaires for more than 4 months from INIA Las Brujas, we obtained information mainly from actors in the south and some points in the northwest and east-central Uruguay. Opinions come from the complexity of people in their different roles, with the expected emergence of tensions and contradictions at different moments of the participatory-action research. We could appreciate that the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolution are having a significant impact in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain. Digital technology is providing new tools for marketing such as: electronic commerce platforms, mobile applications, traceability and monitoring technologies for data analysis, etc. Support in this transformation comes both from private initiatives and public projects, some of which are outlined. We discuss some causes of digitalization disparities and some solutions, debating the role of each one of the represented actors and their possibilities of change.