Resumo O objetivo da aquicultura de Galaxias maculatus é produzir milhões de ovos. As fêmeas selvagens são pequenas (2 g) e têm maturidade sexual rápida e fecundidade média baixa (500 ovos/fêmea), necessitando de peixes maiores e com fecundidade superior. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar experimentalmente o efeito dos níveis de proteínas, lipídios e energia da dieta sobre o aumento de peso em adultos. Cinco experimentos independentes foram realizados em diferentes períodos sequenciais de tempo no incubatório UCT, Chile. Os espécimes foram obtidos a partir de: a) capturas de espécimes de retorno do mar cristalino no estuário de Tolten (4-6 cm, 0,3-0,4 g); b) peixes de cultura em incubatório. Os peixes foram alimentados à mão ad libitum. Nos experimentos de 1 a 4, dietas peletizadas foram preparadas com três a cinco níveis de proteína (tratamentos 27 a 57%), tamanho do crumble, três repetições de tanques de fibra de 100 L. No experimento 5, o efeito de dois níveis de lipídios (8 e 21%) foi avaliado com dieta comercial isoproteica crumble 1 de Salmon Nutra Starter extrusada a 63%, replicada em quatro tanques. Os resultados mostram: uma tendência ao aumento de peso em todos os tamanhos, com um aumento do nível de proteína na dieta peletizada; um crescimento adulto máximo com uma dieta contendo um mínimo de 37% de proteína bruta, com 40% do valor ideal; uma porcentagem maior de proteína na dieta ou crescimento em peso com menor taxa de conversão alimentar. A taxa de conversão alimentar na dieta extrusada chega a 0,5, e na peletizada varia de 0,7 a 1,5. Peixes de 0,6 g alimentados com 63% de proteína e dieta comercial extrusada com dois níveis lipídicos diferentes (8 e 21%; 20,40 e 23,84 MJ kg-1; PE / TE 0,62 e 0,71) aumentaram de peso no primeiro mês em 67 e 105% cada, respectivamente. Foi estabelecido que dietas de alta energia com níveis ótimos de proteínas e lipídios são uma boa solução de curto prazo para obter G. maculatus de peso mais alto.

Abstract Galaxias maculatus aquaculture objectives is to produce millions of eggs. Wild females are small (2 g), have quick sexual maturity and low mean fecundity (500 eggs/female), requiring larger fishes with higher fecundity. This study aim is to evaluate experimentally the effect of the levels of protein, lipid and dietary energy on weight increases in adults. Five independent experiments were performed at different sequential time periods at the UCT hatchery, Chile. Specimens were obtained from a) Crystalline sea return specimen catches in the Tolten estuary (4 -6 cm, 0.3-0.4 g.). b) Hatchery cultured fish. Fish were fed by hand ad libitum. In experiments 1 to 4, pelleted diets were prepared with 3 to 5 levels of protein (treatments 27 up to 57%), crumble size, three 100 L fibre ponds replicates. In experiment 5 the effect of two lipid levels (8 and 21%) was evaluated with commercial extruded Salmon Nutra Starter isoproteic crumble 1 diet at 63%, replicated in 4 ponds. The results show: A tendency to increased weight in all sizes with an increased protein level in the pelleted diet.A maximal adult growth is obtained with a diet containing a minimum of 37% crude protein, with 40% the optimal value. A higher % protein in the diet or growth in weight lower feed conversion ratio. The feed conversion ratio in the extruded diet reaches up to 0.5 and in the pelleted vary from 0.7 to 1.5. Fish 0.6 g fed with 63% protein, extruded commercial diet with two different lipid levels (8 and 21%, 20.40 and 23.84 MJ kg-1, PE/TE 0.62 and 0.71) increased weight the first month 67 and 105% each. It has been established that high-energy diets with optimal levels of protein and lipid are a good short-term solution to obtain G. maculatus of higher weight.

Resumo Estudos em Salvelinus alpinus, Charr Ártico, indicam que tem baixa capacidade de hiposmorregulação ou adaptação ao mar em períodos de inverno nas águas do Ártico. A investigação determina o melhor nível de salinidade para cultivar esta espécie no Chile. Determinou-se o peso adequado para se unir ao mar pela análise da atividade da Na +, K + -ATPase das brânquias, que foi encontrada entre as faixas de 80 a 130 g, com 14,5 U/mg. Foi avaliado o crescimento de 72 g salinidades de 0 (controle), 18, 25 e 33 g/L (água do mar) por 94 dias. Os resultados indicam que os maiores aumentos foram obtidos em água salobra. T18 g/L e T25 g/L alcançaram crescimento de 25% e 19% no dia 94 e amostragem a termo, respectivamente. É importante mencionar que os 8% que sobreviveram na água do mar apresentaram percentuais de crescimento de 16,6% equivalentes a água salobra e controle. Estes resultados sugerem que o Salvelinus alpinus pode crescer em água do mar, com níveis de Na +, K + -ATPase semelhantes aos apresentados por Salmo salar com um peso não inferior a 80 g.

Abstract Studies in Salvelinus alpinus, Arctic charr, indicate that it has a low capacity to hyposmorregulatory or adaption to sea in winter periods in Arctic waters. The investigation finds to determinate the rank optimum of salinity to can cultivate this species at Chile. The weight adequate was determined to join on the sea by analysis of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, that it was found between the ranks 80-130 g, with 14.5 U/mg. It underwent evaluation of fish growth of 72 g salinities from 0 (control), 18, 25 and 33 g/L (sea water) for 94 days. The results indicate that the largest increases were obtained in brackish water. T18 g/L and T25 g/L achieved growth of 25% and 19% on day 94 and term sampling respectively. It is important to mention that the 8% that survived in seawater introduced percentages growth 16.6% equivalent to brackish water and control. These results suggest that Salvelinus alpinus can grow in seawater, with levels of Na+, K+-ATPase similar to those submitted by Salmo salar with a weight not less than 80 g.

Resumo O manejo e o uso de espécies nativas em condições de laboratório são as principais dificuldades para a proposta de uso de espécies em bioensaios. O presente estudo mostrou os resultados acerca do manejo sob condições controladas de Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae), espécie partenogenética com ampla distribuição geográfica. Foram obtidos seus ovos de um rio pré-andino da região de Araucanía (39º S) e determinadas as condições para criação de larvas sob alimentação artificial, obtenção de adultos (manipulação), de ovos (sincronização de eclosão) e de larvas após a eclosão. O ciclo de vida de P. grimmii teve larvas que, ao final dos 23 dias, atingiram o estágio de pupa (estágio I a IV). O adulto depositou nas 48 horas seguintes os ovos que eclodiram às 72 horas. Foram estabelecidas condições laboratoriais: temperatura da sala de incubação, pH da água e alimentação artificial, fotoperíodo e técnicas de manejo de larvas e ovos. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foram gerenciados todos os ciclos de vida em condições de laboratório que podem propor o uso dessa espécie como material biológico potencial para bioensaios de toxicidade.

Abstract The management and use of native species under laboratory conditions is the main difficult for species proposal for its use in bioassays. The present study showed the results about management under controlled conditions of Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae), that is a parthenogenetic species with wide geographical distribution. It obtained its eggs from a pre Andean river from Araucania region (39° S), and it determined the conditions for larval rearing under artificial food, adults getting (manipulation), eggs (hatching sincronization) and larvae getting after hatching. The P.grimmii life cycle had larvae that late 23 days in get the pupa stage (stage I to IV), the adult within the next 48 hours deposits the eggs that hatched at 72 hours. It stablished laboratory conditions: incubation room temperature, water pH, and artificial feeding, photoperiod and larvae and eggs management techniques. In according to obtained results it managed all life cycles under laboratory conditions that can propose the use of this species as potential biological material for toxicity bioassays.

Abstract The Cautin river is located in the 137 years old Araucania region, Chile (38°S), and is characterized by alterations through human interference due agriculture and towns in its surrounding basin, the presence of salmonids, and by its mixed regime, originated from snow melting in summer and rains in winter. The aim of the present study was to make a review of the inventory and ecological role of the benthic inland water macroinvertebrates of the River Cautin, in order to understand their importance in the ecosystem of the river. The fauna of this river includes a fauna composed of endemic and introduced fish, which has, however, been only poorly studied until now. The literature revealed the presence of abundant populations of Diptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera larval stages, and few crustaceans specifically amphipods and freshwater crabs along the river’s course. Many of these macroinvertebrates are prey for both introduced salmonids and native fishes. Similar results have been reported for other southern Argentinean and Chilean Patagonian rivers.

Resumo O rio Cautin está localizado na região de Araucania, no Chile (38°S), é caracterizado por alterações através da interferência humana devido à agricultura e as cidades da bacia circundante, a presença de salmonídeos e pelo seu regime misto, originado pela queda de neve verão e chuvas no inverno. O objetivo do presente estudo foi fazer uma revisão do papel ecológico dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos das águas interiores do rio Cautin, para entender sua importância no ecossistema do rio. A fauna deste rio inclui uma fauna composta de espécies de peixes endêmicos e introduzidos, que, no entanto, tem sido mal estudada até agora. A literatura revelou a presença de abundantes populações de estádios de larvas Diptera, Trichoptera e Ephemeroptera, e poucos crustáceos especificamente anfípodes e caranguejos de água doce ao longo do curso do rio. Muitos desses macroinvertebrados são presas tanto para salmonídeos introduzidos quanto para peixes nativos. Resultados semelhantes foram relatados para outros rios sul da Patagônia Chilena e Argentina.

Resumo A toxicidade aguda (LC50-96h) de amônia deionizada (NH3 ) em Babosas-da-Patagônia (Eleginops maclovinus) juvenis foi avaliada. As concentrações de sal de amônia deionizada em água foram preparados com 24,09 ± 2,1 g de cloreto de amônio (NH4Cl). Os peixes foram expostos em triplicata a diferentes concentrações de amônia: 0,05; 0,094; 0,175; 0,325 e 0,605 mg L-1 de NH3. Além disso, um grupo de controle foi incluído. Peixes experimentais foram mantidos em fotoperíodo de 16: 8h. As temperaturas médias foram 16,24 + 1,40 °C. A concentração de oxigênio foi 16.24 +1.40°C mg L-1 . O pH da água foi de 7,89 + 0,2. h LC50-96h, foi estimada usando o método estatístico de Probit (intervalos de 95%) usando o software EPA (1993). E. maclovinus juvenis apresentaram uma LC 50-96h de 0.413mg NH3 L-1 valor diferente da maioria das espécies marinhas. Este estudo apresenta o primeiro registro de toxicidade amónio em espécies marinhas do Chile.

Abstract Deionized ammonium (NH3) acute toxicity (LC50-96h) in Patagonian blenny juveniles (Eleginops maclovinus) was assessed. Concentrations of deionized ammonium in salt water were prepared by using 24.09 ± 2.1 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Fish were exposed in triplicates to different ammonium concentrations: 0.05; 0.094; 0.175; 0.325 and 0.605 mg NH3 L-1. Additionally, a control group was included. Experimental fish were kept at a photoperiod of 16:8h. Average temperatures were 16.24 ± 1.40 °C. Oxygen concentration was 7.16 ± 0.40 mg L -1. Water pH was 7.89 ± 0.2. LC50-96 h, was estimated by using Probit statistical method (95% intervals) using EPA software (1993). Juveniles of E. maclovinus showed a LC50-96h of 0.413mg NH3 L-1 value, different from most marine species. This study presents the first record of ammonium toxicity in marine species of Chile.

Resumo O presente estudo avaliou a percentagem de sobrevivência e metamorfose dos estádios larvais de Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000) nauplio I, nauplio II ae nauplio II a copepodita, realizando bioensaios em triplicado com 50 larvas cada, nauplio I ou nauplio II, À temperatura de 12 °C, 15 °C e 18 °C; Salinidade 20, 23, 25, 2729, 31, 33 e 35 g / L e saturação de oxigénio com variações entre 30-60%, 90-100% e 190-200%. Os bioensaios foram realizados na estação Quillaipe da Fundação Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile. Conclui - se que a temperatura é inversamente proporcional ao tempo de metamorfose e sobrevivência das larvas de Caligus rogercresseyi. Na salinidade observa-se que aumentou esta, maior é a percentagem de sobrevivência e metamorfose é mais rápida, enquanto as larvas não sobrevivem menos de 20g / L. Os intervalos de saturação de oxigénio indicam que as larvas não sobrevivem a saturações entre 30-60% e não têm diferenças entre 90-100% de saturação e 190-200%.

Abstract The present study assessed the percentage of survival and metamorphosis of larval stages of Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000) nauplius I, nauplius II to and nauplius II to copepodite, conducting bioassays in triplicate with 50 larvae each, nauplius I or nauplius II, at temperature of 12 °C, 15 °C and 18 °C; salinity 20, 23, 25, 2729, 31, 33 and 35 g/L and oxygen saturation with ranges between 30-60%, 90-100% and 190 - 200%. Bioassays were performed in station Quillaipe of Fundación Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile. It is concluded that the temperature is inversely proportional to the time of metamorphosis and survival of the larvae of Caligus rogercresseyi . In salinity is observed that increased this, greater is the percentage of survival and metamorphosis is faster, while the larvae do not survive less than 20g/L. Oxygen saturation ranges indicate that the larvae do not survive at saturations between 30-60%, and it had no differences between 90-100% saturation and 190-200%.

Introduction and objectives: To present the number of cases of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. This study evaluates our results and difficulties of starting a progresive programme of laparoscopy. Material and Method: Between november 2003 and november 2005, 35 hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomies were carried out, of a total of 45 laparoscopic nephrectomies. 22 radical nephrectomies, 3 simple nephrectomies and 10 nephroureterectomies. The average age of patients was 66 years (47-89). On average, they were overweight (IMC 28,3), with approximately 38% being obese. ASA 2.3 (1-4). The tumors measured 4.8cm on average, and 80% of these were T1. In 28.6% of the cases, they had previously undergone abdominal surgery. Results: One was undertaken in 2003, 17 in 2004, and 17 in 2005. The surgery time was 140 minutes, 130 minutes (80-210) in radical nephrectomies, 135 minutes (120-150) in simple nephrectomies and 163 minutes (80-240) in the nephroureterectomy. Patients began an oral diet 1.7 days later, and were able to get up 1.7 days later. In the case of obese patients, they began an oral diet 2.3 days later and were able to get up (2.4 days) later than those non obese cases. (1.5 and 1.4 days respectively). The average stay has been 5.8 days (3-15). The average stay of the cases without complications was 4.2 days and those that encountered complications 9.7 days. In no cases was there a need for a blood transfusion. In 11.4% we had major complications with an average stay of 11.7 days. In 5.7% of cases there were reconversions, and 5.7% of cases were reoperated. 17.1% had minor complications, with an average stay of 8.8 day. Conclusions: The advantage of hand-assisted nephrectomy is that it allows one to begín a laparoscopy, with a reduced learning time, and with satisfactory results, allowing the incorporation of laparoscopy surgery in hospitals with a reduced annual volume.

Introducción y Objetivos: Presentamos nuestra casuística de nefrectomías laparoscópicas mano-asistidas. Se valoran nuestros resultados y las dificultades del inicio de un programa progresivo de laparoscopia. Material: Desde noviembre 2003 hasta noviembre 2005 se han realizado 35 nefrectomías laparoscópicas Mano-asistidas, de un total de 45 nefrectomías laparoscópicas. 22 nefrectomías radicales, 3 nefrectomías simples y 10 nefroureterectomías. Media de edad 66 años (47-89). Tenían una media de sobrepeso (IMC 28,3); 38% eran obesos. ASA 2,3 (1-4). Los tumores tenían 4,8 cm de tamaño medio; 80% eran T1. El 28,6% habían sido operados previamente de cirugía abdominal. Resultados: Se realizaron 1 en 2003, 17 en 2004, y 17 en 2005. El tiempo quirúrgico ha sido 140 minutos, 130 minutos (80-210) en nefrectomías radicales, 135 minutos (120-150) en nefrectomías simples y 163 minutos (80-240) en nefroureterectomías. Los pacientes iniciaron dieta oral en 1,7 días y se levantaron en 1,7 días. Los obesos iniciaron la dieta (2,3 días) y se levantaron (2,4 días) más tarde que los no obesos (1,5 y 1,4 días respectivamente). La estancia media ha sido 5,8 días (3-15); en los no complicados 4,2 días y en los que han tenido complicaciones 9,7 días. En ningún caso se trasfundió. Hemos tenido 11,4% de complicaciones mayores con EM de 11,7 días. Un 5,7% de reconversiones y 5,7% de reoperaciones. Y 17,1% de complicaciones menores, con EM de 8,8 días. Conclusiones: La nefrectomía mano-asistida es una técnica que por sus ventajas permite un inicio en la laparoscopia, con menor curva de aprendizaje, y resultados satisfactorios, permitiendo incorporar la cirugía laparoscópica a hospitales con un menor volumen anual.

Testicular torsion in adult, is an uncomunly etiology, but we should make diferencial diagnostic in every person over thirty years old, with accurate escrotum. The wrong diagnostic gives up the incidence orchiectomy in adults for vascular etiology. We report a male of 74 years old with acurate escrotum andreview ofthe literature

La torsión testicular en el adulto, es una nosología infrecuente aunque debe de entrar dentro del diagnostico diferencial de cualquier adulto de mas de treinta años, con cuadro de escroto agudo. El retraso e incorrecto diagnóstico, aumenta la frecuencia de orquiectomías por procesos vasculares en el adulto frente al niño. Presentamos el caso de varón de 74 años con escroto agudo, y revisión de la literatura.

We report a case of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma diagnosed casual in a 23 years old woman treated of a Wilm's tumour twenty years ago. A review of the on this unusual tumour is included.

Se presenta un caso de schwannoma benigno retroperitoneal como hallazgo incidental en una joven de 23 años tratada de un tumor de Wilms a los tres años. Se incluye una revisión de la literatura de este tumor tan infrecuente.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the efficacy in the treatment of ureteral estenoses after renal transplantation with metallic self-expandable stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From october of 1995 to april of 2002, 8 ureteral obstruction post renal transplantation have treated by means of implants of a metallic self-expandable stent (6 men and 2 women). The average time of pursuit was of 30 months (rank 2-53 months). In this work the severity and location of the estenosis are analysed, the method of implant of the stent, the permeability of the same one, the levels of creatinine pre and postimplant and the complications derived from the same one. RESULTS: The treatment was effective in the 100% of the patients (8/8), with an average reduction of the creatinine of 36% (rank 13,6%-59,6%). The complications were minimun and the hospital stay was short. CONCLUSIONS: In the patients with: chronic deterioration of the graft with short functional expectation, patient with high surgical risk and reestenosis after ureteral reimplantation by previous ureteral estenosis, the use of a metallic self-expandable stent, constitutes technique of election given its efficacy and low associate morbidity.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia del empleo de prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles en el tratamiento de las estenosis ureterales post-trasplante renal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Desde octubre de 1995 a abril de 2002, se han tratado 8 estenosis ureterales post- TR mediante el implante de una prótesis metálica autoexpandible (6 hombres y 2 mujeres). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 30 meses (rango 2-53 meses). En este trabajo se analizan la severidad y localización de la estenosis, el método de implante de la prótesis, la permeabilidad de la misma, los niveles de creatinina pre y postimplante y las complicaciones derivadas del mismo. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento fue efectivo en el 100% de los pacientes (8/8), con un descenso medio de la creatinina del 36% (rango 13,6%-59,6%). Las complicaciones fueron mínimas y la estancia hospitalaria fue corta. CONCLUSIONES: En los pacientes con: deterioro crónico del injerto con expectativa funcional corta, pacientes con alto riesgo quirúrgico y reestenosis tras reimplantación ureterovesical por estenosis ureteral previa, el empleo de una prótesis metálica autoexpandible constituye la técnica de elección dada su eficacia y baja morbilidad asociada.

Malacoplakia is an unusual chronical granulomatous disorder. In the urinary tract is more frequent in female, in 75 percent of cases involve the bladder. Pelvis extension of this disease is infrequent, and even less frequent is the involvement of pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. We present the second case in the literature of bladder malacoplakia with extravesical and pelvic node involvement.

La malacoplaquia es un proceso inflamatorio granulomatoso crónico poco frecuente. En el tracto urinario es más frecuente en el sexo femenino, estando afectada la vejiga en el 75 % de los casos. La extensión pélvica de la malacoplaquia es muy poco frecuente y aún menos frecuente es la afectación ganglionar a nivel pelviano y retroperitoneal. Se presenta el segundo caso en la literatura de malacoplaquia vesical con afectación extravesical y ganglionar pelviana.

We present the results and complications found and compared in 2 large series of patients who underwent a surgical procedure to avoid Urinary Stress Incontinence in our hospital. From january of 1994 to december of 2001 we collected 195 patients with an average age of 57.9 y we compared them with a prior series of 189 patients collected between january of 1976 and december of 1993,with an average age of 53.6. The continence rate was similar in both series (70.8% pre-94 and 74.5% post 94), slight incontinence 22.7% pre-94 and 19.2% post-94 and for complete incontinence 6.3% pre-94 and 6.2% post-94. The Burch procedure was the most common and also shows the greatest effectivness in our trial involving 113 cases and a continence rate of 74.3% in the first series and 144 cases and 77% respectively in the second series. The most common complications were very similar in both groups: tract urinary infection (5.2% and 9% first and second group), surgical wound infection (4.2% and 2.2% respectively). We conclude that in spite of the introduction of new and useful surgical procedure (TVT, periurethal substances injection…) the greatest long term succes rate still corresponds to the Burch colposuspension.

Se presentan los resultados y complicaciones obtenidos y comparados en dos grandes series de pacientes operadas de Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (I.U.E) en nuestro servicio. Desde enero de 1994 a diciembre de 2001 hemos recogido 195 pacientes con una edad media de 57,9 y las hemos comparado con una serie previa de 189 pacientes que comprende desde enero de 1976 hasta diciembre de 1993 con una edad media de 53,6 años. La tasa de pacientes continentes en ambas series fue similar (70,8% pre-94 y 74,5% post-94), leve incontinente en 22,7% pre-94 y 19,2% post-94 e incontinente 6,3% pre-94 y 6,2% post-94. La técnica de Burch es la más empleada y corresponde a la más eficaz en el estudio con 113 pacientes y un 74,3% de pacientes continentes en la primera serie y 144 pacientes con 77% continentes en la segunda serie. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las mismas en las dos series: infección del tracto urinario (5,2% y 9% en primera y segunda serie) e infección de herida quirúrgica (4,2% y 2,2% respectivamente). Concluimos que a pesar de la introducción de nuevas y útiles técnicas correctoras (TVT, inyección de sustancias periuretrales...) la mayor tasa de éxito a largo plazo continúa siendo la colposuspensión tipo Burch.

Introduction: Respiratory tract infections caused by Adenovirus (ADV) can lead to long term lung sequelae. In our media it is the most frequent cause of chronic lung disease in children. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) can characterize the anatomic alterations of this disease. Functional impairment is evaluated with spirometry, which only can be performed in collaborating patients. Purpose: Characterize the appearances of chronic lung disease secondary to ADV infection on HRCT, relate the extent of HRCT abnormalities to pulmonary function impairment, and determine if HRCT can be used to assess pulmonary function when functional tests cannot be performed. Material and methods: HRCT findings in 17 pediatric patients with post adenoviral chronic lung disease were analyzed. HRCT findings were correlated with spirometry in 11 of these children using the modified Bhalla score for bronchial dilatation and the modified Siegel score for mosaic lung attenuation. Results: HRCT findings were mosaic perfusion and bronchial wall thickening in 17/17, bronchial dilatation and centrilobular nodules in 16/17, atelectasis in 11/17, and tree in bud in 8/17. Very good correlation was found between the scores of mosaic lung attenuation and bronchial dilatation with the forced expiratory volume in one second. Conclusion: A characteristic pattern of findings on HRCT is present in children with post adenovirus chronic lung disease. There is good correlation between the severity of mosaic lung attenuation and bronchial dilatation with pulmonary functional impairment. These results suggest that HRCT findings can be used to assess pulmonary function in those children in which pulmonary function tests cannot be performed