RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o torque de inserção (TI), a resistência flexural (RF) e as alterações de superfície em mini-implantes ortodônticos de aço inoxidável (MIs-Ai) e de liga de titânio (MIs-Ti). Métodos: Vinte e quatro MIs (2 x 10 mm; MIs-Ai, n = 12; MIs-Ti, n = 12) foram inseridos em blocos de osso artificial de densidades de 20 lb/ft3 (20 PCF) e 40 lb/ft3 (40 PCF). O torque máximo de inserção foi registrado por meio de um torquímetro digital. A resistência flexural foi avaliada nas deflexões de 2, 3 e 4 mm. Topografia de superfície e composição química dos MIs foram avaliadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva de Raios X (EDS). Modelos lineares gerais e mistos foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito do tipo de MI, da densidade óssea e da deflexão nos desfechos avaliados. Resultados: O TI dos MIs-Ti foi 1,1 Ncm maior do que o obtido para os MIs-Ai (P = 0,018). O TI para MIs inseridos em blocos de teste de 40 PCF foi 5,4 Ncm maior do que para aqueles inseridos em blocos de teste 20 PCF (p < 0,001). MIs-Ai inseridos em osso de maior densidade (40 PCF) apresentaram resistência flexural significativamente maior do que outros grupos, em deflexões de 2 mm (98,7 ± 5,1 Ncm), 3 mm (112,0 ± 3,9 Ncm) e 4 mm (120,0 ± 3,4 Ncm) (p < 0,001). A MEV evidenciou fraturas nos MIs-Ti. A EDS revelou incorporação de 18% de C e 2,06% de O nos MIs-Ai e 3,91% de C nos MIs-Ti, ambos submetidos a testes mecânicos. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados desse estudo in vitro, os MIs-Ai aparentam oferecer adequada estabilidade e maior resistência mecânica, em comparação aos MIs-Ti, quando inseridos em osso de maior densidade. Objetivo TI, , (TI) RF (RF miniimplantes mini implantes MIsAi Ai (MIs-Ai MIsTi. MIsTi Ti . (MIs-Ti) Métodos ( 1 MIsAi, Ai, 12 MIsTi, Ti, lbft3 lbft lb ft3 ft lb/ft (4 PCF. digital (MEV EDS. (EDS) MI avaliados Resultados 11 1, P 0,018. 0018 0,018 0 018 0,018) 54 5 5, p 0,001. 0001 0,001 001 0,001) grupos 98,7 987 98 7 (98, 51 Ncm, 112,0 1120 112 (112, 39 9 3, 120,0 1200 120 (120, 34 Ti. 18 206 06 2,06 391 91 3,91 mecânicos Conclusões vitro mecânica (TI (MIs-Ti (EDS 0,01 01 000 0,00 00 98, (98 112, (112 120, (120 2,0 0,0 (9 (11 (12 0, (1

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to compare the insertion torque (IT), flexural strength (FS) and surface alterations between stainless steel (SS-MIs) and titanium alloy (Ti-MIs) orthodontic mini-implants. Methods: Twenty-four MIs (2 x 10 mm; SS-MIs, n = 12; Ti-MIs, n = 12) were inserted on artificial bone blocks of 20 lb/ft3 (20 PCF) and 40 lb/ft3 (40 PCF) density. The maximum IT was recorded using a digital torque meter. FS was evaluated at 2, 3 and 4 mm-deflection. Surface topography and chemical composition of MIs were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). General linear and mixed models were used to assess the effect of the MI type, bone density and deflection on the evaluated outcomes. Results: The IT of Ti-MIs was 1.1 Ncm greater than that obtained for the SS-MIs (p= 0.018). The IT for MIs inserted in 40 PCF test blocks was 5.4 Ncm greater than that for those inserted in 20 PCF test blocks (p < 0.001). SS-MIs inserted in higher density bone (40 PCF) had significantly higher flexural strength than the other groups, at 2 mm (98.7 ± 5.1 Ncm), 3 mm (112.0 ± 3.9 Ncm) and 4 mm (120.0 ± 3.4 Ncm) of deflection (p< 0.001). SEM evidenced fractures in the Ti-MIs. EDS revealed incorporation of 18% of C and 2.06% of O in the loaded SS-MIs, and 3.91% of C in the loaded Ti-MIs. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this in vitro study, it seems that SS-MIs offer sufficient stability and exhibit greater mechanical strength, compared to Ti-MIs when inserted into higher density bone. Objective IT, , (IT) (FS SSMIs SS (SS-MIs TiMIs Ti (Ti-MIs miniimplants. miniimplants mini implants. implants mini-implants Methods Twentyfour Twenty four ( 1 SSMIs, MIs, 12 TiMIs, lbft3 lbft lb ft3 ft lb/ft (4 meter mmdeflection. mmdeflection deflection. mm-deflection (SEM Xray X ray EDS. . (EDS) type outcomes Results 11 1. p= p 0.018. 0018 0.018 0 018 0.018) 54 5 5. 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) groups 98.7 987 98 7 (98. 51 Ncm, 112.0 1120 112 (112. 39 9 3. 120.0 1200 120 (120. 34 p< TiMIs. MIs. 18 206 06 2.06 391 91 3.91 Conclusions (IT (EDS 0.01 01 000 0.00 00 98. (98 112. (112 120. (120 2.0 0.0 (9 (11 (12 2. 0. (1

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento da oclusão após perda prematura ou extração de dentes decíduos anteriores, por meio de um estudo de coorte prospectivo. Métodos: Quinze bebês e crianças de 1 a 5 anos foram avaliados longitudinalmente (com perda ou extração de dentes anteriores decíduos [n = 9] e sem perdas dentárias [n = 6]). Foram realizadas fotografias e modelos dentais no início e após 24 meses de acompanhamento. Os modelos dentários foram escaneados e medidas lineares foram feitas nos modelos digitalizados (espaço dentário perdido, perímetro da arcada, comprimento da arcada, largura da arcada, comprimento intercaninos e largura intercaninos). O teste t foi utilizado para comparações entre grupos (α = 0,05). Resultados: A média de idade dos indivíduos no início do estudo foi de 2,93 (± 1,18) anos. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no espaço dentário perdido no grupo com perda dentária durante os 24 meses de acompanhamento (p > 0,05). O perímetro da arcada, comprimento da arcada, largura da arcada, comprimento intercaninos e largura intercaninos não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos (p> 0,05). A avaliação fotográfica qualitativa revelou alterações nas arcadas dentárias e na oclusão, como: esfoliação e erupção de dentes decíduos, erupção de dentes permanentes, autocorreção ou estabelecimento de má oclusão, entre outras. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a perda prematura de dentes anteriores decíduos não afeta o perímetro, comprimento e largura das arcadas dentárias; entretanto, outras alterações que levam à má oclusão poderiam ser estabelecidas. Objetivo prospectivo Métodos n 9 6. 6 . 6]) 2 arcada intercaninos. intercaninos) α 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) Resultados 293 93 2,9 ± ( 1,18 118 18 p p> permanentes Conclusão entretanto estabelecidas 6] 00 0,0 29 2, 1,1 11 0, 1,

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate occlusion development after premature loss or extraction of deciduous anterior teeth, by means of a prospective cohort study. Methods: Fifteen infants and children aged 1 to 5 years old were longitudinally assessed (with loss or extraction of deciduous anterior teeth [n = 9], and without tooth losses [n = 6]). Photographs and dental casts at the baseline and after 24 months of follow-up were performed. Dental casts were scanned, and linear measurements were made on the digitalized models (missing tooth space, arch perimeter, arch length, arch width, intercanine length and intercanine width). The t-test was used for groups comparisons (α = 0.05). Results: Individuals’ mean age at baseline was 2.93 (± 1.18) years. No statistically significant differences were observed in the missing tooth space in the group with tooth loss during the 24 months of follow-up (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter, arch length, arch width, intercanine length and intercanine width did not show differences between the groups (p > 0.05). Qualitative photographic evaluation revealed other changes in the dental arches and occlusion, such as exfoliation and eruption of deciduous teeth, eruption of permanent teeth, self-correction or establishment of malocclusion, among others. Conclusion: The results suggest that the premature loss of deciduous anterior teeth does not affect the perimeter, length and width of the dental arches; however, other alterations that lead to malocclusion could be established. Objective Methods n 9, 9 , 9] 6. 6 . 6]) 2 followup follow up performed scanned perimeter width. width) ttest t test α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) Results Individuals 293 93 2.9 ± ( 1.18 118 18 p selfcorrection self correction others Conclusion however established 6] 00 0.0 29 2. 1.1 11 0. 1.

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the focused question: “What are the benefits of subgingival periodontal therapy on blood hematological and biochemical index, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, quality of life, and periodontal pathogen counts in patients with obesity and periodontitis?”. A systematic literature search was performed in six databases: PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane and SCOPUS and other sources, and a manual search was conducted as well. Inclusion criteria were randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, and before-and-after studies on patients with obesity subjected to periodontal therapy. The results were synthesized qualitatively. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. The certainty of evidence was evaluated following the GRADE approach. Three randomized controlled trials and 15 before-and-after studies were included. Randomized controlled trials were considered to have a low risk of bias, as compared to before-and-after studies assessed as having low, serious, and critical risks of bias. Non-surgical periodontal therapy plus azithromycin, chlorhexidine, and cetylpyridinium chloride reduced blood pressure and decreased serum levels of HbA1c, hsCRP, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Salivary resistin level also decreased in patients with obesity and periodontitis after therapy and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Before-and-after data suggest an improvement in total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, insulin resistance, C3, GCF levels of TNF-α, chemerin, vaspin, omentin-1, visfatin, 8-OHdG, and periodontal pathogen counts after therapy. question What index stress life periodontitis. . periodontitis?” databases PubMed Embase LILACS Science sources well nonrandomized non beforeandafter before qualitatively ROBINSI ROBINS I tools approach 1 included serious Nonsurgical Non surgical azithromycin HbA1c HbAc HbA c hsCRP IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β TNFα. TNFα TNF α. α TNF-α rinse Beforeandafter Before cholesterol LDL triglycerides resistance C3 C TNFα, α, chemerin vaspin omentin1, omentin1 omentin 1, omentin-1 visfatin 8OHdG, 8OHdG OHdG 8 OHdG, 8-OHdG periodontitis? omentin-

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a associação entre o padrão esquelético craniofacial sagital e a dimensão do seio frontal em adolescentes alemães. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal que incluiu pacientes ortodônticos alemães com idade variando entre 11 e 18 anos (80 homens, 82 mulheres). Cefalogramas laterais foram utilizados na análise cefalométrica e do seio frontal. A análise cefalométrica foi realizada para mensuração dos ângulos SNA, SNB e ANB. Medidas do seio frontal foram realizadas para obtenção da altura e dimensão ântero-posterior do seio frontal. A área da projeção lateral do seio frontal também foi determinada. As dimensões do seio frontal foram comparadas entre os sexos pelo teste de Mann Withney. Teste de Kruskal Wallis e pós teste de Dunn foram utilizados para comparar as diferenças entre as más oclusões esqueléticas. Também foram realizados o teste de correlação de Spearman e um modelo de regressão linear. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em 5%. Quanto à má oclusão esquelética, 71 pacientes apresentavam classe I, 81 classe II e 10 classe III. A altura (p = 0,009), dimensão ântero-posterior (p = 0,001) e área da projeção lateral do seio frontal (p = 0,007) foram maiores nos homens do que nas mulheres. A dimensão ântero-posterior do seio frontal foi significativamente maior na classe III quando comparada à classe I (p = 0,010) e classe II (p = 0,027). A área da projeção lateral do seio frontal também foi maior na classe III do que na classe I (p = 0,039). No modelo de regressão linear foi observada associação significativa apenas entre a área da projeção lateral do seio frontal e a classe III. Nossos resultados sugerem que a área da projeção lateral do seio frontal pode presentar diferenças morfométricas em adolescentes com maloclusão esquelética Classe III. Tratouse Tratou se 1 80 (8 8 mulheres . mulheres) SNA ANB ânteroposterior ântero posterior determinada Withney esqueléticas 5 5% 7 p 0,009, 0009 0,009 , 0 009 0,009) 0,001 0001 001 0,007 0007 007 0,010 0010 010 0,027. 0027 0,027 027 0,027) 0,039. 0039 0,039 039 0,039) ( 000 0,00 00 0,01 01 002 0,02 02 003 0,03 03 0,0 0,

Abstract The present study explored the association between the craniofacial sagittal skeletal patterns and frontal sinus dimensions in Germans. This cross-sectional study included orthodontic patients with age ranging from 11 to 18 (80 males, 82 females). Lateral cephalograms were used in the cephalometric and frontal sinus analysis. Cephalometric analysis was performed to measure SNA, SNB and ANB angles. Frontal sinus measurements were performed to obtain the frontal sinus height, antero-posterior dimension and frontal sinus lateral projection area. The frontal sinus dimensions were compared between genders with Mann Withney test. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests were used to compare the mean differences between the skeletal malocclusions. Spearman’s correlation test and linear regression model were also performed. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Regarding skeletal malocclusion, 71 patients presented class I, 81 class II and 10 class III skeletal malocclusion. The frontal sinus height (p=0.009), frontal sinus antero-posterior dimension (p=0.001) and frontal sinus lateral projection area (p=0.007) were bigger in males than in females. The frontal sinus antero-posterior dimension was significantly greater in the class III when compared to the class I (p=0.010) and class II (p=0.027). Frontal sinus lateral projection area was also bigger in class III than class I (p=0.039). In the linear regression model a significant association was observed between frontal sinus lateral projection area and class III (skeletal class I as a reference). In conclusion, our result suggests that the frontal sinus lateral projection area might present morphometric differences in German teenagers with skeletal class III malocclusion. Germans crosssectional cross sectional 1 80 (8 8 females . females) SNA angles anteroposterior antero posterior Dunns Dunn s posthoc post hoc malocclusions Spearmans Spearman 5 5% malocclusion 7 p=0.009, p0009 p p=0.009 , 0 009 (p=0.009) p=0.001 p0001 001 (p=0.001 p=0.007 p0007 007 (p=0.007 p=0.010 p0010 010 (p=0.010 p=0.027. p0027 p=0.027 027 (p=0.027) p=0.039. p0039 p=0.039 039 (p=0.039) reference. reference reference) conclusion ( p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.009 (p=0.00 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.027 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.039 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.0 (p=0.02 (p=0.03 p0 p=0. (p=0. p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Abstract This systematic review evaluated the available evidence on whether children with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) have more dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and dental behavior management problems (DBMPs) than those without MIH (Prospero CDR42020203851). Unrestricted searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, BBO, Embase, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, Open Grey, and Google Scholar. Observational studies evaluating DFA and/or DBMPs in patients with and without MIH were eligible. Reviews, case reports, interventional studies, and those based on questionnaires to dentists were excluded. The methodological quality assessment was based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to synthesize data on DFA. The certainty of evidence was performed according to GRADE. Seven studies that evaluated a total of 3,805 patients were included. All of them presented methodological issues, mainly in the comparability domain. Most studies observed no significant difference in DFA between children with and without MIH. The meta-analysis did not show a significant effect of MIH on the standardized units for the DFA scores (SMD = 0.03; 95%CI: -0.06–0.12; p = 0.53; I2 = 0%). Synthesis including only the results for severe cases of MIH also did not show a significant effect of the condition on DFA scores (MD = 8.68; 95%CI: -8.64–26.00; p = 0.33; I2 = 93%). Two articles found DBMPs were significantly more frequent in patients with MIH. The overall certainty of evidence was very low for both outcomes assessed. The current evidence suggests no difference in DFA between children with and without MIH; DBMPs are more common in patients with MIH. This information should be viewed with caution because of the very low quality evidence obtained. (MIH (DFA (DBMPs Prospero CDR42020203851. CDR42020203851 CDR . CDR42020203851) PubMed Scopus Science Lilacs BBO Embase Library PsycINFO Grey Scholar andor or eligible Reviews reports excluded NewcastleOttawa Newcastle Ottawa Scale Randomeffects Random effects metaanalyses meta analyses GRADE 3805 3 805 3,80 included issues domain metaanalysis analysis SMD 0.03 003 0 03 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.06–0.12 006012 06 12 -0.06–0.12 0.53 053 53 I 0%. 0% 0%) MD 8.68 868 8 68 8.64–26.00 8642600 64 26 00 -8.64–26.00 0.33 033 33 93%. 93 93% 93%) assessed obtained CDR4202020385 380 80 3,8 0.0 9 0.06–0.1 00601 1 -0.06–0.1 0.5 05 5 8.6 86 6 8.64–26.0 864260 2 -8.64–26.0 0.3 CDR420202038 38 3, 0. 0.06–0. 0060 -0.06–0. 8. 8.64–26. 86426 -8.64–26. CDR42020203 0.06–0 006 -0.06–0 8.64–26 8642 -8.64–26 CDR4202020 0.06– -0.06– 8.64–2 864 -8.64–2 CDR420202 0.06 -0.06 8.64– -8.64– CDR42020 -0.0 8.64 -8.64 CDR4202 -0. -8.6 CDR420 -0 -8. CDR42 - -8 CDR4

Abstract Objective: To evaluate TIF4 preventive and therapeutic use in caries and erosive lesions. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in six databases. Studies evaluating TiF4 use in vitro, in situ, and in vivo in caries and erosive lesions were included and imported into VantagePoint™ (VP). Data about publication year, authors, country, journal, study design, outcomes, TIF4 vehicles, application and intervention time, cariogenic challenge, erosive cycles, effects (positive/ negative /null) and approach (preventive/therapeutic) were analyzed through VP and Excel. Results: 93 published studies were included and an increase in publications was observed between 2010 and 2021. Forty-three authors published three or more articles, of which 67.4% were developed in Brazil and published in Caries Research (22.6%). 69.9% were in vitro studies with erosion assays (59.1%) and with preventive approaches (67.4%). The principal vehicle was a solution (69.9%) with a 1-min single application (58.0%) and with an intervention time of 5-7 days (22.6%). The principal cariogenic challenge in vitro was pH cycling (11.8%); in situ was sucrose + biofilm (6.2%); and in vivo, biofilm (6.2%). The most used erosive cycle was 4× per day in in vitro studies (20.4%) and 1× in vivo (2.1%). A positive effect was observed in prevention (41.9%) and treatment (24.7%) studies. Conclusion: TIF4 has shown a positive effect in prevention and therapeutic treatments for dental caries and erosion. Objective TIF Methods databases TiF VantagePoint VP. . (VP) year country journal design outcomes vehicles cycles positive/ (positive /null null preventive/therapeutic preventivetherapeutic (preventive/therapeutic Excel Results 9 201 2021 Fortythree Forty articles 674 67 4 67.4 22.6%. 226 22.6% 22 6 (22.6%) 699 69 69.9 59.1% 591 59 1 (59.1% 67.4%. (67.4%) (69.9% 1min min 58.0% 580 58 0 (58.0% 57 5 7 5- 11.8% 118 11 8 (11.8%) 6.2% 62 2 (6.2%) 6.2%. 20.4% 204 20 (20.4% 2.1%. 21 2.1% (2.1%) 41.9% 419 41 (41.9% 24.7% 247 24 (24.7% Conclusion (VP 202 67. 22.6 (22.6% 69. 59.1 (59.1 (67.4% (69.9 58.0 (58.0 11.8 (11.8% 6.2 (6.2% 20.4 (20.4 2.1 (2.1% 41.9 (41.9 24.7 (24.7 22. (22.6 59. (59. (67.4 (69. 58. (58. 11. (11.8 6. (6.2 20. (20. 2. (2.1 41. (41. 24. (24. (22. (59 (67. (69 (58 (11. (6. (20 (2. (41 (24 (22 (5 (67 (6 (11 (2 (4 ( (1

Abstract: The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate all the existing literature on the efficacy of treatments used to relieve the signs and symptoms associated with teething. A systematic search up to February 2021, without restrictions on language or date of publication, was carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, BBO, OpenGrey, Google Scholar, Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, clinicaltrials.gov, and the references of the included studies. Clinical studies that evaluated the effect of any intervention to alleviate the signs and symptoms associated with teething in babies and children were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The characteristics and results of the individual studies were extracted and synthesized narratively. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of the evidence. Three randomized and two non-randomized clinical trials were included. The outcomes of these five articles were classified as high or serious risk of bias. Three studies using homeopathy reported improvement in appetite disorders, gum discomfort, and excess salivation. One study showed a new gel with hyaluronic acid was more effective than an anesthetic gel in improving signs and symptoms such as pain, gingival redness, and poor sleep quality. Another study applied non-pharmacological treatments, which were more effective, especially against excess salivation. Although the present systematic review suggests some therapies could have a favorable effect on signs and symptoms related to teething, definitive conclusions on their efficacy cannot be drawn because of the very low certainty of the evidence. The existing literature on the subject is scarce and heterogeneous and has methodological flaws; therefore, further high-quality investigations are necessary.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o volume e a morfologia da porção média da faringe (PMF) em adolescentes com diferentes padrões esqueléticos no sentido anteroposterior. Método: para esse estudo transversal, foram selecionados cento e vinte e seis pacientes (56 homens e 70 mulheres) que tinham tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) em seus registros. Os participantes foram classificados de acordo com o valor do ângulo ANB, em Classe I (1o ≥ ANB ≤ 3o), Classe II (ANB > 3o) e Classe III (ANB < 1o). O volume total (Vt), a área axial mínima (AxMin) e a morfologia da PMF e de suas subdivisões - velofaringe (VF) e orofaringe (OF) - foram avaliados na TCFC e em software de reconstrução tridimensional (3D) de imagens. As comparações intergrupos foram realizadas por meio dos testes ANOVA e post-hoc de Tukey. As correlações entre os valores de Vt e Axmin das vias aéreas com os valores do ângulo ANB foram testadas por meio de análise de regressão linear, considerando-se o sexo como uma covariável. Resultados: diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos foi observada apenas no Vt da VF; indivíduos Classe II apresentaram Vt significativamente menor (6.863,75 ± 2.627,20 mm3) do que indivíduos Classe III (9.011,62 ± 3.442,56 mm3) (p< 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos em nenhuma outra variável avaliada, nem na PMF, nem na OF (p> 0,05). Foi evidenciada uma correlação negativa significativa entre Vt e Axmin e os valores do ângulo ANB; dimorfismo sexual foi observado para algumas variáveis. Conclusões: indivíduos Classe II apresentam o menor Vt da VF. O Vt e a Axmin tenderam a diminuir quando os valores do ângulo ANB aumentaram, em todas as regiões avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the volume and morphology of the middle region of the pharynx (MRP) in adolescents with different anteroposterior craniofacial skeletal patterns. Methods: One hundred twenty-six patients (56 male and 70 female), who had cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) within their records, were selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were classified, according to their ANB angle value, in Class I (1o ≤ ANB ≤ 3o), Class II (ANB > 3o) and Class III (ANB < 1o). The total volume (tV), minimum axial area (AxMin) and morphology of the MRP and its subdivisions - velopharynx (VP) and oropharynx (OP) - were characterized by CBCT and 3-dimensional image reconstruction software. Intergroup comparisons were performed by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. Correlations between tV and Axmin with the ANB angle values were tested using linear regression analysis, considering sex as covariable. Results: Statistically significant difference between groups were observed in tV only for the VP region; Class II individuals presented significantly lower tV (6863.75 ± 2627.20 mm3) than Class III subjects (9011.62 ± 3442.56 mm3) (p< 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups for any other variable assessed, neither in MRP nor in the OP region (p> 0.05). A significant negative correlation was evidenced between tV and Axmin and the ANB angle values; sexual dimorphism was observed for some variables. Conclusions: Class II subjects have smaller tV in the VP region. tV and Axmin tend to decrease in all evaluated regions when the ANB angle values increase.

Resumo Introdução A expansão rápida da maxila (RME) reduz o risco de desenvolvimento de distúrbios estruturais e funcionais no sistema estomatognático. Objetivo Analisar os efeitos desta intervenção como tratamento para a mordida cruzada posterior, relacionados à ocorrência de ruídos nas articulações temporomandibulares e à atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos masseter e temporal anterior. Material e método 13 meninas e 7 meninos, independentemente do tipo de maloclusão, com idade média de 9 anos (±3), foram tratadas com RME. Por meio de eletrovibratografia analisou-se ruídos nas articulações temporomandibulares, e de eletromiografia de superfície a atividade dos músculos mastigatórios antes (T0) e após 3 meses do final do tratamento proposto (T1). As comparações entre os lados afetado e não afetado pela mordida cruzada foram realizadas utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Withney. As comparações de antes e após o tratamento foram realizadas pelo teste de Wilcoxon (nível de significância: 5%). Resultado Não houve diferença significativa na eletrovibratografia entre os lados afetado e não afetado pela mordida cruzada, tanto em T0 como em T1 (p>0.05); do lado sem mordida cruzada observou-se diminuição do pico de amplitude dos ruídos articulares após a expansão rápida da maxila (p<0.05). Na análise da eletromiografia estática foram observadas diferenças inter-lados antes e após o tratamento, uma vez que a mastigação deliberada unilateral apresentou maior atividade de assimetria em T0 para ambos os lados, o que foi corrigido após o tratamento (p<0.05), melhorando a mastigação funcional padrão. Conclusão O tratamento proposto para mordida cruzada posterior funcional não levou à ocorrência de ruídos articulares e melhorou o padrão funcional da atividade eletromiográfica durante a mastigação ao final do tratamento.

Abstract Introduction The rapid maxillary expansion (RME) reduces the risk of developing structural and functional disorders in the stomatognathic system. Objective To examine the effects of the RME as a treatment for the posterior crossbite, related with the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles and the TMJ noises in a population of children. Material and method 13 girls and 7 boys, regardless of the type of malocclusion, with a mean age of 9 years old (± 3), were treated with RME. The electrovibratography analyzed the TMJ noise, and the electromyography analyzed the masticatory muscles before treatment (T0) and after three months of a short-term follow-up (T1). The comparisons of the affected and unaffected sides by the crossbite were performed using Mann-Whitney’s test, and to compare data before and after treatment the Wilcoxon’s test was used (level of significance: 5%). Result No significant differences were found in the parameters of joint noise in comparison to the sides affected and unaffected by the crossbite, in both T0 and T1 (p>0.05); only the side without the crossbite observed decrease in the peak amplitude of the joint noises after treatment. In the static electromyographic analysis, inter-side differences were observed before and after treatment, since the deliberate unilateral chewing showed greater asymmetry activity in T0 for both sides, which has been corrected after treatment, improving the functional chewing. Conclusion The proposed treatment did not lead to the occurrence of joint noises and improved the functional pattern of electromyographic activity during chewing at the end of treatment.