Reuse made by the separation of whey can reduce the waste of human milk. However, the authors are not aware of the literature on treatments in human whey, made available by pasteurization holder, freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. In this context, the present study applied treatments to human whey and evaluated their lipid and immunological quality. Among the results, a different formation in the triacylglycerol profile was evidenced after the application of spray drying and high hydrostatic pressure, while pasteurization and freeze-drying presented ion intensity close to the control human whey. In addition, pasteurization proved to be adequate for lipid nutritional quality and transformation factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentration, while an increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels was promoted, between 73 and 80%, after freeze-drying, spray drying, and high hydrostatic pressure. Through the principal component analysis, it is noteworthy that the processes presented divergences in terms of the effects caused, with similarity only between pasteurization and freeze-drying in the composition of fatty acids. However, it was observed that all processes were able to maintain the nutrients. Nevertheless, it is relevant to consider individual characteristics presented and the interest in the desired quality, which can be promising as a complementary product to infant feeding.

Olive oil is a highly demanded product renowned for its unique taste and diverse nutrient content, primarily composed of lipids. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the lipid profiles of four olive varieties (Arbequina, Arbosana, Koroneiki, and Frantoio) and their corresponding commercial olive oils using advanced analytical techniques, namely electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector, combined with principal component analysis. The nutritional quality of the olive oils was evaluated based on parameters such as the ratio of saturated acids to polyunsaturated acids, atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, and andhypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic indexes. The study revealed that the primary fatty acids identified were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, while triolein, palmitodiolein, and stearodiolein emerged as the most abundant triacylglycerol across all samples. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the commercial olive oil samples exhibited an exceptional nutritional profile. Overall, this study highlights the significance and efficacy of the analytical and statistical techniques employed to unravel the lipid profiles of olive oils, a product of substantial commercial value and susceptible to adulteration. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of utilizing nutritional quality indices to assess the health benefits associated with olive oil consumption. content lipids Arbequina, Arbequina (Arbequina Arbosana Koroneiki Frantoio detector analysis atherogenicity thrombogenicity andhypocholesterolemichypercholesterolemic andhypocholesterolemic hypercholesterolemic indexes palmitic stearic oleic triolein palmitodiolein Furthermore profile Overall adulteration Additionally consumption

The present work intends to obtain and characterize a milk by-product: the human whey (HW), in order to avoid the excessive disposal of human milk (HM). The characterization was performed through analyzes of the chemical composition and fatty acids (FAs) and the triacylglycerol (TAG) lipid profile. The results indicated that the chemical composition altered significantly after the HW obtained, except for the percentage of ash and carbohydrates. About the FA composition, it was observed that strictly essential FA, essential FA and other FAs found in HM remained present in HW. For the nutritional lipids quality, the atherogenicity and the thrombogenicity indices presented desirable values, and the TAGs lipid profile revealed a variation in the analyzed samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the characterized HW has potential for application in isolated form or to be used as an ingredient in other foods.

Human milk (HM) lipids provide about 50% energy and facilitate the transport and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins for infants, but their composition should be studied when the milk is processed. This study evaluated the lipid quality of lyophilized and vacuum-packed colostrum (C), transitional (T), and mature (M) HM for a period of 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of storage at –18 ºC. From the acidity (ºDornic), lipid content, and fatty acid (FA) composition results, no significant differences in the analyzed period were observed. The relative percentage of major triacylglycerols (TAG) of the HM was not altered, showing that the lyophilization process in HM is a good alternative that could be applied in human milk banks (HMB), increasing HM preservation and facilitating its transport and storage.

Coconut oil has several domestic uses and health benefits, which can be used in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics products. However, it has been the target of adulteration with lower price oils and fats, such as soybean oil. In this study, a fast, easy and simple methodology was used to detect low quantities of intentionally adulterated coconut oil with soybean oil by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) at different levels (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100%). In the oil industry, intentional adulterations usually occur with the addition of low quantities of soybean oil to coconut oil. Therefore, the suggested ESI-MS method is promising for routine analysis to guarantee the quality control of coconut oil since it is possible to detect adulteration with a minimal of 2% soybean oil addition.

This study provides a fast, accurate and reproducible method for L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) determination in milk samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A small volume of a low toxicity organic solvent (ethanol) was used for degreasing and deproteinization steps. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and formic acid were used as stabilizing agents. The method was successfully validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and inter/intra-day precision and applied in raw and processed milk samples. Good linearity (r2 > 0.9915) and low LOD and LOQ, 1.5 and 5.0 µg L-1, respectively, were obtained. The recoveries for 500 and 1000 µg L-1 spikes were higher than 90% and the precision values expressed in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) were ≤ 6.8%. For the first time, the determination of L-AA in a 500 µg L-1 concentration range was reported for milk samples.

Human milk (HM) is extremely important to the baby, containing a varied and balanced range of nutrients fundamental to the ideal development of the newborn. Among these nutrients, HM lipids provide 40-60% of the energy. In HM banks, the creamatocrit method is employed as a quick and solvent-free tool, however, since Folch methodology is considered reference for lipid extraction, this study compared the fatty acid (FA) composition and the lipid profile by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and direct infusion by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) in pools of different HM phases, obtained from Folch and creamatocrit methods, in order to elucidate which method provides better information about HM lipids. Lipid compositon results by Folch were superior to the results obtained by creamatocrit in HM pools investigated. It means, the lipid profiles of all HM pools were more intense, and the number of FA identified by Folch was also higher in comparison to the creamatocrit method (21 and 6 FAs, respectively). GC-FID analysis in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) divided the methods, confirming a greater contribution of the Folch method. Therefore, Folch methodology revealed an effective lipid extraction in comparison to creamatocrit method.