Abstract Introduction: Worry about finances is one of the main causes of financial stress, especially in population groups with unstable income and jobs. This article aimed to determine whether austere and hedonistic debt attitudes are directly related to financial stress and indirectly through planned and impulsive buying attitudes in emerging adults. Method: The design was cross-sectional, with a correlational-explanatory scope. Self-report scales were answered online by a sample of 624 emerging adults (63.1 % women) with an average age of 20.44 (SD = 3.35). Results: Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that austere attitudes are directly linked to financial stress, and indirectly through planned purchases. Regarding hedonistic attitudes, a direct association with impulsive buying was found, but no relationship with financial stress was observed. Conclusion: Financial stress increases when emerging adults have more austere and planned purchasing attitudes, therefore, they may feel pressure to make more efficient use of money. It would be interesting in future studies to have samples from other age ranges that allow comparing the evidence found to contribute to the development of Financial Education strategies based on scientific evidence.

Resumen Introducción: la preocupación por las finanzas es una de las principales causas de estrés financiero, especialmente en grupos poblacionales con ingresos y trabajos inestables. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar si las actitudes austera y hedonista hacia el endeudamiento se relacionan directamente con el estrés financiero e indirectamente a través de las actitudes de compra planificada e impulsiva en adultos emergentes. Método: el diseño fue transversal, con un alcance correlacional-explicativo. Se aplicaron escalas de autorreporte en formato en línea a una muestra conformada por 624 adultos emergentes (63.1 % mujeres). El promedio de edad fue 20.44 (DE = 3.35). Resultados: el análisis de ecuaciones estructurales reveló que las actitudes austeras se vinculan directamente con el estrés financiero, y también indirectamente a través de la compra planificada. En cuanto a las actitudes hedonistas, se encontró una asociación directa con la compra impulsiva, pero no con el estrés financiero. Conclusiones: el estrés financiero aumenta cuando los adultos emergentes tienen actitudes de compra más austeras y planificadas. Por lo tanto, tales actitudes pueden presionarlos a hacer un uso más eficiente del dinero. Sería interesante en futuros estudios tener muestras de otros rangos etarios que permitan comparar la evidencia encontrada para contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias de educación financiera basadas en la evidencia científica.

Resumo Este artigo procurou contribuir para a literatura e para o debate nacional e global sobre a superação de uma polarização relacionada ao aspecto jurídico e administrativo do processo de inovação, procurando se concentrar nas patentes como um fator condicionante das trajetórias tecnológicas que viabilizam o aprendizado em âmbito produtivo. Baseou-se em um arcabouço teórico e político relacionado à inovação e ao acesso a medicamentos, especialmente quanto aos direitos de Propriedade Intelectual, e na análise crítico-reflexiva de instrumentos de Propriedade Intelectual utilizados em Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP), desenvolvidas por um instituto de tecnologia em fármacos sintéticos, público e nacional. Os resultados demonstram a relevância da compatibilização dos direitos de patentes com a construção de uma capacidade tecnológica e de inovação no país, vinculada ao acesso universal, especialmente quando envolverem produtos que se destinam ao tratamento de doenças graves, de alta complexidade tecnológica e de alto custo. Conclui-se que, para superação da dependência tecnológica e ampliação do acesso a medicamentos no Brasil, o Estado deve buscar o equilíbrio entre os interesses públicos e privados na área da saúde, a articulação entre os instrumentos jurídicos legais existentes e o alinhamento entre suas políticas de saúde, industriais, de CT&I e Propriedade intelectual.

Abstract This article aims to contribute to the literature and to the national and global debate on overcoming the polarization related to the legal and administrative aspect of the innovation process, seeking to focus on patents as a conditioning factor of the technological trajectories that enable learning in the productive scope. It was based on a theoretical and political framework related to innovation and access to medicines, especially regarding Intellectual Property rights, and on a critical-reflexive analysis of Intellectual Property instruments used in Productive Development Partnerships (PDP), developed by a public national institute for synthetic drug technology. The results demonstrate the importance of making patent rights compatible with the construction of technological and innovation capacities in the country, which are linked to universal access, especially when they involve products that are intended to treat serious, technologically complex and high-cost diseases. In conclusion, to overcome technological dependence and expand access to medicines in Brazil, the State must seek a balance between public and private interests in the healthcare area, articulate the existing legal instruments and align its health, industry, ST&I and intellectual property policies.

Abstract Macrofungi, with their extraordinary diversity and ability to adapt to various substrates, play crucial ecological roles in ecosystems. However, their development is strongly influenced by the interaction of several environmental factors. Understanding these factors and their impact on the distribution of fungi is essential to understand their ecological dynamics. To obtain data how these organisms are distributed under certain topographic factors, an analysis of the species richness of macrofungi was carried out in a tropical deciduous forest on the coast of Oaxaca, taking both the eco-nutritional habits and substrate on which, they develop in response to altitude, slope and terrain orientation. A review was conducted of a field database of 251 biological samples representing 169 species of macrofungi registered in the Environmental Management Unit for the Conservation of Wildlife "Jardín Botánico-Puerto Escondido". The review was used to assigned a life form (parasitic, mutualistic micorrhiza, saprotrophic) and substrate preferences (lignicolous, humicolous, terricolous, entomopathogenic parasite). To understand the topographic characteristics of the collection sites, maps of altitude, slope and solar exposure were designed in which the geographical coordinates recorded in the database for each study sample were plotted. The results reveal a predominance of saprotrophic life form in this tropical deciduous forest, with a marked preference for edaphic substrates. In addition, more than 50% of the species analyzed show a tendency to coexist on moderate to gentle slopes, oriented to the north, and at altitudes ranging from 120 to 140 m. This study highlights the complex interactions between the diversity of macroscopic fungi, their nutritional preferences and their relationship with altitude, slope, and terrain orientation. Relevant information is provided that can be used in resource management and conservation strategies, by identifying sites within the study area with the greatest species richness.

Resumen Los hongos macroscópicos, dada su extraordinaria diversidad y capacidad de adaptación a diversos sustratos, desempeñan funciones ecológicas cruciales en los ecosistemas. No obstante, su desarrollo está fuertemente condicionado por la interacción de factores ambientales. La comprensión de esos factores y su impacto en la distribución de los hongos es esencial para entender su dinámica ecológica. Con el fin de conocer cómo se distribuyen estos organismos bajo ciertos factores topográficos, se llevó a cabo un análisis de la riqueza de macromicetos en un bosque tropical caducifolio en la costa de Oaxaca, considerando los hábitos eco-nutricionales y el sustrato donde se desarrollan, en respuesta a la altitud, pendiente y orientación del terreno. El estudio consistió en realizar una revisión de una base de datos de campo de 251 muestras biológicas que representan 169 especies de hongos macroscópicos registradas en la Unidad de Manejo Ambiental para la Conservación de la Vida Silvestre "Jardín Botánico-Puerto Escondido". La revisión permitió determinar la forma de vida (parásita, mutualista micorrícica, saprobia) y las preferencias de sustrato (lignícola, humícola, terrícola, parásito entomopatógeno) de cada uno de los especímenes. Para conocer las características topográficas de los sitios donde fueron recolectados los ejemplares, se diseñaron mapas de altitud, pendiente y exposición solar en los cuales se posicionaron las coordenadas geográficas registradas en la base de datos de cada una de las muestras de estudio. Los resultados revelan un predominio de la forma de vida saprobia en este bosque tropical caducifolio, con una marcada preferencia por sustratos edáficos. Además, más del 50% de las especies analizadas mostraron una tendencia por coexistir en laderas con pendientes medianas y suaves, orientadas hacia el norte y a altitudes que oscilan entre los 120 y 140 m. El estudio resalta las complejas interacciones entre la diversidad de macromicetos, sus preferencias nutricionales en relación con la altitud, pendiente y orientación del terreno. Se provee información relevante que puede ser utilizada en estrategias de manejo y conservación de recursos, ubicando los sitios con mayor riqueza de especies dentro de la zona de estudio.

Resumo Este artigo procurou contribuir para a literatura e para o debate nacional e global sobre a superação de uma polarização relacionada ao aspecto jurídico e administrativo do processo de inovação, procurando se concentrar nas patentes como um fator condicionante das trajetórias tecnológicas que viabilizam o aprendizado em âmbito produtivo. Baseou-se em um arcabouço teórico e político relacionado à inovação e ao acesso a medicamentos, especialmente quanto aos direitos de Propriedade Intelectual, e na análise crítico-reflexiva de instrumentos de Propriedade Intelectual utilizados em Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP), desenvolvidas por um instituto de tecnologia em fármacos sintéticos, público e nacional. Os resultados demonstram a relevância da compatibilização dos direitos de patentes com a construção de uma capacidade tecnológica e de inovação no país, vinculada ao acesso universal, especialmente quando envolverem produtos que se destinam ao tratamento de doenças graves, de alta complexidade tecnológica e de alto custo. Conclui-se que, para superação da dependência tecnológica e ampliação do acesso a medicamentos no Brasil, o Estado deve buscar o equilíbrio entre os interesses públicos e privados na área da saúde, a articulação entre os instrumentos jurídicos legais existentes e o alinhamento entre suas políticas de saúde, industriais, de CT&I e Propriedade intelectual.

Abstract This article aims to contribute to the literature and to the national and global debate on overcoming the polarization related to the legal and administrative aspect of the innovation process, seeking to focus on patents as a conditioning factor of the technological trajectories that enable learning in the productive scope. It was based on a theoretical and political framework related to innovation and access to medicines, especially regarding Intellectual Property rights, and on a critical-reflexive analysis of Intellectual Property instruments used in Productive Development Partnerships (PDP), developed by a public national institute for synthetic drug technology. The results demonstrate the importance of making patent rights compatible with the construction of technological and innovation capacities in the country, which are linked to universal access, especially when they involve products that are intended to treat serious, technologically complex and high-cost diseases. In conclusion, to overcome technological dependence and expand access to medicines in Brazil, the State must seek a balance between public and private interests in the healthcare area, articulate the existing legal instruments and align its health, industry, ST&I and intellectual property policies.

Abstract The limitations of forest ejidos in Mexico to be integrated into the Forest Productive Chain (CPF) currently cover a theoretical-empirical importance. Therefore, the objective of the research was to identify the links and actors associated with the CPF in the Chignahuapan- Zacatlan Region, analyzing the vertical integration of said chain by eleven forest ejidos and examining its structure of expenses and income derived from forest exploitation. The methodology was based on a holistic approach to participatory action research and consisted of holding meetings; a non-probabilistic sampling was used, carrying out 56 interviews and 38 questionnaires to actors related to the forestry chain, community workshops, and documentary analysis. The results specify the vertical integration of the forest lands to the CPF, which is conditioned by the price of wood, the area of use and the volume of wood. Integrating ejidos to the CPF generates benefits like income from wood and firewood, but it also implies high costs such as: the payment of technical advice, the cost of cutting, pushing up, chapping, pruning, acquisition of plants for reforestation and reforestation work. The expense incurred is a function of the cubic meters of wood obtained from forest management, the size of the ejidos, the total area of forest exploitation and the density of plants used in reforestation. This study makes it possible to identify the cost and income structure of the ejidos derived from vertical integration to the CPF.

Resumen Las limitaciones de ejidos forestales en México para integrarse a la cadena productiva forestal (CPF) cubren actualmente una importancia teórica-empírica, por esto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los eslabones y actores asociados a la CPF en la región Chignahuapan-Zacatlán, analizando la integración vertical a dicha cadena por once ejidos forestales y examinar su estructura de gastos e ingresos derivados del aprovechamiento forestal. La metodología se basó en un enfoque holístico de investigación-acción participativa y consistió en la realización de asambleas. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico realizándose 56 entrevistas y 38 cuestionarios a actores relacionados en la cadena forestal, talleres comunitarios y análisis documental. Los resultados revelan la necesidad de la integración vertical de los ejidos forestales a la CPF, la cual, está condicionada por el precio de la madera, la superficie de aprovechamiento y el volumen de madera. La integración de ejidos a la CPF genera beneficios como el ingreso por la venta de la madera y la leña, pero también implica altos costos como: pago de asesoría técnica; costo por corte; arrime, chapeo y poda; adquisición de planta para reforestación y trabajos de reforestación. El gasto realizado esta en función de los metros cúbicos de madera obtenida del manejo forestal, el tamaño de los ejidos, la superficie total de aprovechamiento forestal y la densidad de plantas utilizadas en la reforestación. Este estudio permite identificar la estructura de costos e ingresos que tienen los ejidos derivados de la integración vertical a la CPF.

RESUMEN La histerectomía es la segunda cirugía más frecuente dentro de la ginecología a nivel mundial. En México se calcula que una de cada tres mujeres, antes de los 60 años, se someterá a dicho procedimiento. Las mujeres con histerectomía atraviesan por una serie de cambios que pueden afectarlas en distintos aspectos de su vida, repercutiendo en lo psicológico, social y anatómico. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue interpretar las vivencias sexuales y autoestima de mujeres mexicanas con histerectomía. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa fenomenológica-hermenéutica, en la que participaron 11 mujeres con histerectomía abdominal. Los resultados se agruparon en 2 categorías principales: sexualidad y autoestima, y sus respectivas subcategorías. En la primera, se reporta una disminución de la lubricación y en consecuencia afectaciones en el deseo, satisfacción y orgasmo. En la segunda, se documentaron alteraciones que se presentaban con cambios de percepción y pensamientos, así como en sus capacidades, sentimientos y actitud. El proceso que transitaron las mujeres, tras la histerectomía, influyó en los componentes de su sexualidad y autoestima. El tiempo de afrontamiento y su resultado favorable estuvo asociado con lograr anteponer la autoestima a la afectación vivida en su sexualidad.

ABSTRACT Hysterectomy is the second surgery with more frequency inside gynecology at a worldwide level. In Mexico it is calculated that one of every three women before 60 years old will be subjected to that procedure. Women with hysterectomy undergo a series of changes that could affect them in different aspects of their lives, impacting in the psychological, social, and anatomical. The objective of this investigation was to interpret the sexual experiences and self-esteem of Mexican women with hysterectomy. A qualitative phenomenological-hermeneutic methodology was used where 11 women with abdominal hysterectomy participated. Results were grouped in 2 main categories: sexuality and self-esteem, and their respective subcategories. In the first category, a decrease on lubrication, which consequently had negative effects on desire, satisfaction, and orgasm was reported. In the second, some alterations characterized by changes on the participants’ perception and thoughts were documented, as well as on their capacities, feelings, and attitudes. The process that women went through after the hysterectomy, influenced the components of their sexuality and self-esteem. The coping time and its favorable result were associated with putting self-esteem above the negative impact in their sexual life.

Abstract 24-year-old man with positive HIV, with a giant exofitic anal condyloma, with a clinical presentation of a painfull suppurative anal condyloma with a pathology report of an in situ squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of the investigation is a case report and the procedure was observational. The finding was a Buschke-Lowenstein tumor.

Resumen Varón de 24 años, con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, que presenta una tumoración exofítica, dolorosa y supurativa, con reporte positivo de virus de papiloma humano y reporte histopatológico de carcinoma espinocelular sin evidencia de diseminación (in situ). El propósito de la investigación es un reporte de caso y el procedimientos fue observacional. El hallazgo fue un tumor de Buschke-Lowenstein.

ABSTRACT During the 2021/2022 soybean production season in Itapúa, Paraguay, the presence of Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) caterpillars affecting soybean pods in the country was documented. The observations were made amidst a widespread drought that adversely affected soybean production. Caterpillars were collected from pods that exhibited signs of pest entry. Morphological characterization of the collected specimens matched the descriptions provided in taxonomic keys for E. zinckenella larvae. Molecular identification through DNA extraction and sequencing confirmed the identity of the pest as E. zinckenella, exhibiting a 96% similarity with known accessions of the species in the GenBank database. As a challenging pest to control, efforts should be directed towards evaluating the economic and damage thresholds caused by E. zinckenella, assessing resistance in soybean varieties used in Paraguay, and investigating the efficacy of biological and chemical insecticides. These findings can contribute to the development of integrated management strategies for effectively mitigating the impact of this pest on soybean production in Paraguay.

RESUMEN Durante la temporada de producción de soja 2021/2022 en la región de Itapúa, Paraguay, se documentó la presencia de orugas Etiella zinckenella (Treitschke) afectando las vainas de soja en el país. Las observaciones se realizaron en medio de una sequía generalizada que afectó negativamente a la producción de soja. Las orugas se recolectaron de las vainas que mostraban signos de entrada de plagas. La caracterización morfológica de los especímenes recolectados coincidió con las descripciones proporcionadas en claves taxonómicas para las larvas de E. zinckenella. La identificación molecular a través de la extracción y secuenciación de ADN confirmó la identidad de la plaga como E. zinckenella, exhibiendo un 96% de similitud con las accesiones conocidas de la especie en la base de datos GenBank. Como plaga difícil de controlar, los siguientes esfuerzos deben dirigirse a evaluar los umbrales económicos y de daño causados por E. zinckenella, evaluar la resistencia en las variedades de soja utilizadas en Paraguay e investigar la eficacia de los insecticidas biológicos y químicos. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias de manejo integrado para mitigar de manera efectiva el impacto de esta plaga en la producción de soja en Paraguay.

Abstract: Introduction: primary vasculitis of the central nervous system (PVCNS) is rare, with heterogeneous clinical presentation. Case report: 35-years-old female with seven days with headache, without improvement with analgesics, adding vomiting and stupor, right hemiparesis, and aphasia; CT showed hemorrhages in the right caudate nucleus and left frontal lobe, laboratory tests including antibodies and acute phase reactants normal; pan-angiography showed: a pattern of vasculitis of trunk branches in cerebral arteries and occlusion of the inferior longitudinal sinus; with a diagnosis of possible PVCNS. Drainage of frontal hemorrhage and biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis; beginning treatment with methylprednisolone bolus and cyclophosphamide, obtaining clinical improvement. Conclusions: PVCNS presents heterogeneous clinical manifestations of acquired neurological deficits; it is a challenge. Its diagnosis implies the existence of the following: a) the acquired neurological deficit, unexplained by another cause, b) angiographic or histopathological evidence of PVCNS, c) absence of systemic vasculitis or other condition that explains it.

Resumen: Introducción: la vasculitis primaria del sistema nervioso central (VPSNC) no es frecuente, con presentación clínica heterogénea. Caso clínico: femenino de 35 años de edad con cefalea de siete días de evolución, sin mejoría con analgésicos, aunado a vómito y estupor, hemiparesia derecha y afasia en las últimas 24 horas; la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) mostró hemorragias en núcleo caudado derecho y lóbulo frontal izquierdo; los exámenes de laboratorio incluyendo anticuerpos y reactantes de fase aguda fueron normales; la panangiografía mostró patrón de vasculitis de ramos troncales en arterias cerebrales y oclusión del seno longitudinal inferior, con diagnóstico de posible VPSNC se le practicó drenaje de hemorragia frontal y toma de biopsia, la cual confirmó el diagnóstico, así se inició tratamiento con bolos de metilprednisolona y ciclofosfamida, con lo que se obtuvo mejoría clínica. Conclusiones: la VPSNC presenta manifestaciones clínicas heterogéneas de déficit neurológico adquirido, por lo que es un reto y su diagnóstico implica existencia de: a) déficit neurológico adquirido inexplicable por otra causa; b) evidencias angiográficas o histopatológicas de VPSNC; y c) ausencia de vasculitis sistémica u otra condición que lo explique.

Resumen Las bebidas vegetales de soja constituyen una alternativa dentro de la dieta habitual. Sin embargo, existe la preocupación de potenciales efectos en la salud reproductiva de la mujer por mecanismos de disrupción endócrina. En esta revisión se evalúan documentos científicos en el área de la Ginecología y la Obstetricia bajo el tamiz de la medicina basada en la evidencia, respondiendo preguntas estructuradas. La metodología se apegó a las guías establecidas por la declaración PRISMA 2020. Los estudios evaluados descartan un riesgo incrementado de pubertad precoz o cáncer de mama; incluso se aprecia un efecto protector frente a dicha neoplasia. Se ha reportado el paso transplacentario de isoflavonas de soja y su presencia en la leche materna, sin que ello implique una relación con complicaciones materno-fetales o malformaciones congénitas. La exposición a productos de soja no parece influir sobre el peso corporal y la salud ósea de la mujer. Los estudios en adultos indican que la soja favorece un mínimo incremento de tirotropina (TSH) en personas con antecedente de hipotiroidismo subclínico. El impacto de los alimentos basados en soja sobre la microbiota intestinal parece ser favorable para su diversidad, particularmente al consumir productos fermentados. Muchos de los estudios en humanos han sido realizados con suplementos de isoflavonas o con productos que contienen proteínas aisladas o texturizadas de soja. Por tanto, los resultados y las conclusiones deben interpretarse con cautela ya que no son totalmente extrapolables a las bebidas comerciales de soja.

Abstract Soy drinks are an increasingly consumed option within the Western diet. However, there are concerns about potential endocrine disruptor effects and possible impact on women's reproductive health. This review evaluates scientific documents in gynecology and obstetrics under an evidence-based medicine approach. All methods adhered to PRISMA 2020 declaration guidelines. The evaluated studies do not support a positive association between soy intake and early puberty or breast cancer; instead, a protective effect against such neoplasm was observed. Transplacental passage of soy isoflavones and their presence in breast milk has been reported without any maternal-fetal complications nor congenital malformations. Exposure to soy-derived products appears to have a neutral effect on body weight and bone health. Studies performed in adults indicate that soy may promote a minimal increase in thyrotropin (TSH) in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The impact of soy-based foods on gut microbiota appears favorable, especially when consuming fermented products. Many of the human studies have been conducted with isoflavones supplements, isolated or textured soy proteins. Therefore, the results and conclusions should be interpreted cautiously, as these are not entirely applicable to commercial soy beverages.

ABSTRACT Background: Sociodemographic and sociocultural factors influence blood donation in various countries, our objective of study was to determine what are the factors that influence blood donation in Peru. The study: An observational, crosssectional study was conducted in people between 18 and 60 years at the national level, the data were analyzed using SPSS v.20 Findings: The study sample was 739 people, 50.4% men; It was determined that there is good knowledge about blood donation with a percentage greater than 50% of questions answered correctly, likewise there is a positive attitude towards blood donation Conclusions: The sociocultural factors that influence blood donation is ignorance, 40% of the participants do not know the basic requirements to be a blood donor, another factor is the false belief. because they are taking medication, they cannot donate blood (47%).

RESUMEN Introducción: Los factores sociodemográficos y socioculturales influyen en la donación de sangre en diversos países, nuestro objetivo de estudio fue determinar cuáles son los factores que influyen en la donación de sangre en el Perú. El estudio: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal en personas entre 18 a 60 años a nivel nacional, se analizaron los datos mediante SPSS v.20 Hallazgos: La muestra de estudio fue de 739 personas, el 50,4% hombres; se determinó que hay buen conocimiento acerca de la donación de sangre con un porcentaje mayor al 50% de preguntas contestadas correctamente, así mismo existe una actitud positiva frente a la donación de sangre Conclusiones: Los factores socioculturales que influyen en la donación de sangre es el desconocimiento, un 40% de los participantes desconoce los requisitos básicos para ser donante de sangre, otro factor es la falsa creencia que al estar tomando medicamentos no se puede donar sangre (47%).

RESUMO O artigo objetivou apresentar informações relevantes e originais sobre as estratégias de inovação utilizadas por Laboratórios Farmacêuticos Oficiais (LFO) para redução das vulnerabilidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e capacitação produtiva e tecnológica do Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde. Como métodos, foram utilizadas a revisão da literatura e a análise de dados primários oriundos de entrevistas realizadas em dois dos maiores LFO do País. Foram identificados e analisados os seus esforços e resultados em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) assim como a incorporação de tecnologias de medicamentos e vacinas, com destaque para as Parcerias para Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP). Conclui-se que, apesar de as atividades de P&D ainda precisarem avançar, benefícios foram trazidos pelos acordos de transferência de tecnologia, especialmente pelas PDP. No entanto, a capacidade industrial e tecnológica dos Institutos ainda é limitada e carente de investimentos, dificultando a acumulação e a difusão tecnológica. Dessa forma, melhorias são necessárias para que as estratégias de inovação para o SUS apresentem resultados mais efetivos e possam ser revertidos para o bem-estar da sociedade.

ABSTRACT The article aimed to present relevant and original information about the innovation strategies used by Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories (LFO) to reduce the vulnerabilities of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and the productive and technological capacity of the Health Economic-Industrial Complex. The methods used included a literature review and the analysis of primary data from interviews conducted in two of the largest LFOs in the country. Their efforts and results in Research and Development (R&D) and incorporation of medicines and vaccine technologies were identified and analyzed, with emphasis on Productive Development Partnerships (PDP). Although R&D activities still need to advance, benefits were brought about by technology transfer agreements, especially by PDPs. However, the industrial and technological capacity of the Institutes is still limited and lacks investments, which hinders technological accumulation and diffusion. Thus, improvements are necessary so that the innovation strategies for the SUS present more effective results and can be reversed to the welfare of society.

Abstract: Introduction: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases; regarding its cerebrovascular effects, most reports indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage and rarely cerebral hemorrhage (CH). Case report: a 44-year-old female presented with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage (CH) as the debut of SLE. The patient was treated for CH, and coincidentally, multisystem involvement and severe thrombocytopenia were discovered, which allowed the diagnosis of SLE. Neuroimaging tests did not discover vascular malformations. Conclusions: CH is an uncommon presentation in SLE.

Resumen: Introducción: el lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una de las enfermedades autoinmunes más comunes; de las enfermedades cerebrovasculares en LES la más frecuente es la hemorragia subaracnoidea y rara vez la hemorragia cerebral (HC). Caso clínico: femenino de 44 años que presentó HC no traumática como debut de LES. La paciente fue atendida por HC y coincidentemente se descubrió afectación multisistémica y trombocitopenia que permitieron el diagnóstico de LES. Las pruebas de neuroimagen no descubrieron malformaciones vasculares. Conclusiones: la HC es de presentación rara en LES.

RESUMO O artigo objetivou apresentar informações relevantes e originais sobre as estratégias de inovação utilizadas por Laboratórios Farmacêuticos Oficiais (LFO) para redução das vulnerabilidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e capacitação produtiva e tecnológica do Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde. Como métodos, foram utilizadas a revisão da literatura e a análise de dados primários oriundos de entrevistas realizadas em dois dos maiores LFO do País. Foram identificados e analisados os seus esforços e resultados em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) assim como a incorporação de tecnologias de medicamentos e vacinas, com destaque para as Parcerias para Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP). Conclui-se que, apesar de as atividades de P&D ainda precisarem avançar, benefícios foram trazidos pelos acordos de transferência de tecnologia, especialmente pelas PDP. No entanto, a capacidade industrial e tecnológica dos Institutos ainda é limitada e carente de investimentos, dificultando a acumulação e a difusão tecnológica. Dessa forma, melhorias são necessárias para que as estratégias de inovação para o SUS apresentem resultados mais efetivos e possam ser revertidos para o bem-estar da sociedade. (LFO (SUS EconômicoIndustrial Econômico Industrial métodos País PD P D (P&D vacinas PDP . (PDP) Concluise Conclui se avançar tecnologia entanto investimentos forma bemestar bem estar sociedade (PDP

ABSTRACT The article aimed to present relevant and original information about the innovation strategies used by Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories (LFO) to reduce the vulnerabilities of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and the productive and technological capacity of the Health Economic-Industrial Complex. The methods used included a literature review and the analysis of primary data from interviews conducted in two of the largest LFOs in the country. Their efforts and results in Research and Development (R&D) and incorporation of medicines and vaccine technologies were identified and analyzed, with emphasis on Productive Development Partnerships (PDP). Although R&D activities still need to advance, benefits were brought about by technology transfer agreements, especially by PDPs. However, the industrial and technological capacity of the Institutes is still limited and lacks investments, which hinders technological accumulation and diffusion. Thus, improvements are necessary so that the innovation strategies for the SUS present more effective results and can be reversed to the welfare of society. LFO (LFO (SUS EconomicIndustrial Economic Industrial Complex country RD R D (R&D analyzed PDP. PDP . (PDP) advance agreements PDPs However investments diffusion Thus society (PDP