ABSTRACT Objective To validate the application of the bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane as a protecting barrier to the urethra. Materials and Methods Forty female Wistar rats (four groups of 10): Group 1 (sham), the urethra was dissected as in previous groups and nothing applied around; Group 2, received a 0.7cm strip of the BC applied around the urethra just below the bladder neck; Group 3, received a silicon strip with the same dimensions as in group 2; Group 4, had a combination of 2 and 3 groups being the silicon strip applied over the cellulosic material. Half of the animals in each group were killed at 4 and 8 months. Bladder and urethra were fixed in formalin for histological analysis. Results Inflammatory infiltrates were more intense at 4 months at lymphonodes (80% Grade 2), statistically different in the group 2 compared with groups 1 (p=0.0044) and 3 (p=0.0154). At 8 months, all samples were classified as grade 1 indicating a less intense inflammatory reaction in all groups. In group 2, at 8 months, there was a reduction in epithelial thickness (30±1μm) when com-pared to groups 1 (p=0.0001) and 3 (p<0.0001). Angiogenesis was present in groups 2 and 4 and absent in group 3. In BC implant, at 4 and 8 months, it was significant when comparing groups 4 with 1 (p=0.0159). Conclusion BC membrane was well integrated to the urethral wall promoting tissue remodeling and strengthening based on morphometric and histological results and may be a future option to prevent urethral damage.

OBJETIVO Avaliar os determinantes ao abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo. MÉTODOS Estudo longitudinal baseado em coorte de nascimentos realizado em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Acompanharam-se 168 puérperas provenientes da rede pública de saúde em 2011/2012. Foram realizadas três entrevistas com as puérperas: aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o parto. O abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi analisado no segundo e quarto meses após o parto. Aplicou-se escala Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Escale para identificar os sintomas depressivos no primeiro e segundo encontros, adotando-se o ponto de corte ≥ 12. Foram investigadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, obstétricas, condições emocionais e rede social da puérpera durante a gestação e puerpério. RESULTADOS As prevalências de abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o parto foram 53,6% (n = 90), 47,6% (n = 80) e 69,6% (n = 117), respectivamente, e sua incidência no quarto mês em relação ao primeiro foi 48,7%. Sintomas de depressão pós-parto e parto traumático associaram-se com abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo no segundo mês após o parto. No quarto mês, mostraram significância as variáveis: menor escolaridade materna, não possuir imóvel próprio, ter voltado a trabalhar, não ter recebido orientações sobre amamentação no puerpério, reação negativa da mulher com a notícia da gestação e não receber ajuda do companheiro com a criança. CONCLUSÕES Fatores psicossociais e sociodemográficos se mostraram fortes preditores do abandono precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Dessa forma, é necessário identificar e tratar precocemente as nutrizes com sintomatologia depressiva, reduzindo a morbidade a ela associada e promovendo maior duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Os profissionais de saúde, bem como o apoio recebido no lar e no trabalho, podem beneficiar esse processo.

OBJECTIVE To assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. METHODS Longitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period. RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was 53.6% (n = 90), 47.6% (n = 80), and 69.6% (n = 117), respectively, and its incidence in the fourth month compared with the first was 48.7%. Depressive symptoms and traumatic delivery were associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in the second month after childbirth. In the fourth month, the following variables were significant: lower maternal education levels, lack of homeownership, returning to work, not receiving guidance on breastfeeding in the postpartum period, mother’s negative reaction to the news of pregnancy, and not receiving assistance from their partners for infant care. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors were strong predictors of early exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and provide early treatment to nursing mothers with depressive symptoms, decreasing the associated morbidity and promoting greater duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Support from health professionals, as well as that received at home and at work, can assist in this process.

OBJETIVO Avaliar os determinantes ao abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo. MÉTODOS Estudo longitudinal baseado em coorte de nascimentos realizado em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Acompanharam-se 168 puérperas provenientes da rede pública de saúde em 2011/2012. Foram realizadas três entrevistas com as puérperas: aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o parto. O abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi analisado no segundo e quarto meses após o parto. Aplicou-se escala Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Escale para identificar os sintomas depressivos no primeiro e segundo encontros, adotando-se o ponto de corte ≥ 12. Foram investigadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, obstétricas, condições emocionais e rede social da puérpera durante a gestação e puerpério. RESULTADOS As prevalências de abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo aos 30, 60 e 120 dias após o parto foram 53,6% (n = 90), 47,6% (n = 80) e 69,6% (n = 117), respectivamente, e sua incidência no quarto mês em relação ao primeiro foi 48,7%. Sintomas de depressão pós-parto e parto traumático associaram-se com abandono do aleitamento materno exclusivo no segundo mês após o parto. No quarto mês, mostraram significância as variáveis: menor escolaridade materna, não possuir imóvel próprio, ter voltado a trabalhar, não ter recebido orientações sobre amamentação no puerpério, reação negativa da mulher com a notícia da gestação e não receber ajuda do companheiro com a criança. CONCLUSÕES Fatores psicossociais e sociodemográficos se mostraram fortes preditores do abandono precoce do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Dessa forma, é necessário identificar e tratar precocemente as nutrizes com sintomatologia depressiva, reduzindo a morbidade a ela associada e promovendo maior duração do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Os profissionais de saúde, bem como o apoio recebido no lar e no trabalho, podem beneficiar esse processo.

OBJECTIVE To assess the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. METHODS Longitudinal study based on a birth cohort in Viçosa, MG, Southeastern Brazil. In 2011/2012, 168 new mothers accessing the public health network were followed. Three interviews, at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum, with the new mothers were conducted. Exclusive breastfeeding abandonment was analyzed in the first, second, and fourth months after childbirth. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was applied to identify depressive symptoms in the first and second meetings, with a score of ≥ 12 considered as the cutoff point. Socioeconomic, demographic, and obstetric variables were investigated, along with emotional conditions and the new mothers’ social network during pregnancy and the postpartum period. RESULTS The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding abandonment at 30, 60, and 120 days postpartum was 53.6% (n = 90), 47.6% (n = 80), and 69.6% (n = 117), respectively, and its incidence in the fourth month compared with the first was 48.7%. Depressive symptoms and traumatic delivery were associated with exclusive breastfeeding abandonment in the second month after childbirth. In the fourth month, the following variables were significant: lower maternal education levels, lack of homeownership, returning to work, not receiving guidance on breastfeeding in the postpartum period, mother’s negative reaction to the news of pregnancy, and not receiving assistance from their partners for infant care. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial and sociodemographic factors were strong predictors of early exclusive breastfeeding abandonment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and provide early treatment to nursing mothers with depressive symptoms, decreasing the associated morbidity and promoting greater duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Support from health professionals, as well as that received at home and at work, can assist in this process.