ABSTRACT In the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone, increased costs from non-organic inputs and transportation render substrates more expensive, prompting the use of decomposed biomass from native palm stem for seedlig production. The study was carried out with the objective of evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the decomposed biomass of babassu palms (BDB), carnauba (BDC), and buriti (BBU) compared to the commercial substrate (SC) via multivariate analysis. This study employed a database comprising 90 substrates, obtained from Maranhão, Brazil farms. These samples underwent physicochemical characterization following the Brazilian protocol for seedling substrates. The substrates based on BDB and BDC have pH and nutrient contents at acceptable values, in addition to lower potential acidity and high base saturation compared to BBU and SC substrates. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed similarities between BDB, BDC and SC. Biomass decomposed from the stems of babassu and carnauba palms is recommended as an alternative substrate for seedling producers in the in the Amazon-Cerrado ecotone. AmazonCerrado Amazon Cerrado ecotone nonorganic non organic expensive production , (BDB) BDC, (BDC) (BBU (SC 9 Maranhão farms values (BDB (BDC

RESUMO No ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado, o aumento dos custos com insumos não orgânicos e transporte torna os substratos mais caros, estimulando o uso da biomassa decomposta do caule da palmeira nativa para a produção de mudas. O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar as características físico-químicas da biomassa decomposta de babaçu (BDB), carnaúba (BDC) e buriti (BBU) comparado ao substrato comercial (SC) via estatística multivariada. O estudo utilizou um banco de dados composto por 90 substratos, obtidos em fazendas do Maranhão, Brasil. Essas amostras passaram por caracterização físico-química seguindo o protocolo brasileiro para substratos de mudas. Os substratos à base de BDB e BDC apresentam pH e teores de nutrientes em valores aceitáveis, além de menor acidez potencial e elevada saturação por bases em comparação aos substratos BBU e SC. A análise de componentes principais e agrupamento hierárquico revelou similaridades entre BDB, BDC e SC. A biomassa decomposta dos caules das palmeiras babaçu e carnaúba é recomendada como substrato alternativo para produtores de mudas no ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado. AmazôniaCerrado, AmazôniaCerrado Amazônia Cerrado, Cerrado Amazônia-Cerrado caros físicoquímicas físico químicas , (BDB) (BDC (BBU SC (SC multivariada 9 Maranhão Brasil físicoquímica química aceitáveis AmazôniaCerrado. Cerrado. (BDB

Abstract This study compares the effects of virus-cell interactions among SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) isolated in Brazil in 2021, hypothesizing a correlation between cellular alterations and mortality and between viral load and transmissibility. For this purpose, reference isolates of Alpha, Gamma, Zeta, and Delta variants were inoculated into monolayers of Vero-E6 cells. Viral RNA was quantified in cell supernatants by RT‒PCR, and infected cells were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cellular changes 24, 48, and 72 hours postinfection (hpi). Ultrastructural analyses showed that all variants of SARS-CoV-2 altered the structure and function of mitochondria, nucleus, and rough endoplasmic reticulum of cells. Monolayers infected with the Delta variant showed the highest number of modified cells and the greatest statistically significant differences compared to those of other variants. Viral particles were observed in the cytosol and the cell membrane in 100 % of the cells at 48 hpi. Alpha showed the highest mean particle diameter (79 nm), and Gamma and Delta were the smallest (75 nm). Alpha and Gamma had the highest particle frequency per field at 48 hpi, while the same was observed for Zeta and Delta at 72 hpi and 24 hpi, respectively. The cycle threshold of viral RNA varied among the target protein, VOC, and time of infection. The findings presented here demonstrate that all four VOCs evaluated caused ultrastructural changes in Vero-E6 cells, which were more prominent when infection occured with the Delta variant. viruscell virus SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- (VOCs 2021 transmissibility purpose VeroE6 VeroE Vero E6 E Vero-E RTPCR RT PCR RT‒PCR TEM (TEM 7 . (hpi) mitochondria nucleus 10 4 79 (7 nm, nm , nm) 75 nm. respectively protein VOC SARS-CoV 202 (hpi 1 ( 20

Background: Adhering to a diet adequate in macronutrients is crucial for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To assess the prevalence of adherence to recommendations for the consumption of dietary fatty acids for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to estimate whether the presence of certain cardiovascular risk factors would be associated with adherence. Methods: Cross-sectional study using baseline data from 2,358 participants included in the "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Adequate intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was considered as ≥10% of total daily energy intake; for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), 20%; and for saturated fatty acids (SFA), <7% according to the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. A significance level of 5% was considered in the statistical analysis. Results: No participant adhered to all recommendations simultaneously, and more than half (1,482 [62.9%]) did not adhere to any recommendation. Adherence exclusively to the SFA recommendation was the most prevalent, fulfilled by 659 (28%) participants, followed by adherence exclusively to the PUFA (178 [7.6%]) and MUFA (5 [0.2%]) recommendations. There was no association between the number of comorbidities and adherence to nutritional recommendations (p = 0.269). Participants from the Brazilian Northeast region showed a higher proportion of adherence to SFA consumption recommendations (38.42%) and lower adherence to PUFA intake (3.52%) (p <0.001) compared to other regions. Conclusions: Among the evaluated sample, there was low adherence to nutritional recommendations for dietary fatty acid consumption. Background Objective Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 2358 2 358 2,35 Trial. Trial . Trial" assessed (PUFA 10 ≥10 MUFA, , (MUFA) 20% 20 SFA, (SFA) 7 <7 Cardiology 5 analysis Results simultaneously 1,482 1482 1 482 (1,48 62.9% 629 62 9 [62.9%] prevalent 65 28% 28 (28% 178 (17 7.6% 76 6 [7.6%] ( 0.2% 02 0 [0.2%] p 0.269. 0269 0.269 269 0.269) 38.42% 3842 38 42 (38.42% 3.52% 352 3 52 (3.52% <0.001 0001 001 regions Conclusions sample 235 35 2,3 ≥1 (MUFA (SFA < 1,48 148 48 (1,4 62.9 [62.9% (28 17 (1 7.6 [7.6% 0.2 [0.2% 026 0.26 26 38.42 384 4 (38.42 3.52 (3.52 <0.00 000 00 23 2, ≥ 1,4 14 (1, 62. [62.9 (2 7. [7.6 0. [0.2 38.4 (38.4 3.5 (3.5 <0.0 1, [62. [7. [0. 38. (38. 3. (3. <0. [62 [7 [0 (38 (3 <0 [6 [

Resumo Fundamento: A adesão à uma alimentação adequada em macronutrientes é fundamental para a prevenção secundária de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de adesão às recomendações de consumo de ácidos graxos para prevenção e tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, e estimar se a presença de determinados fatores de risco cardiovascular estaria associada à adesão. Métodos: Estudo transversal com os dados de linha de base de 2358 participantes do estudo "Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial". Dados de consumo alimentar, e fatores de risco cardiovascular foram avaliados. Foi considerada, de acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, uma ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados (AGPI) ≥10% do consumo total de energia diária, para ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM), 20% e para ácidos graxos saturados (AGS), <7%. Na análise estatística foi considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Nenhum participante aderiu a todas as recomendações de forma simultânea e mais da metade (1482 [62,9%]) não aderiu a nenhuma recomendação. A adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGS foi a mais prevalente, sendo cumprida por 659 (28%) dos participantes, seguida da adesão exclusivamente à recomendação de AGP (178 [7,6%]) e de AGM (5 [0,2%]). Não houve associação entre o número de comorbidades e a adesão às recomendações nutricionais (p =0,269). Os participantes da região Nordeste do país apresentaram maior proporção de adesão às recomendações para consumo de AGS (38,42%), e menor para ingestão de AGPI (3,52%) (p <0,001) em comparação às demais. Conclusões: Na amostra avaliada, evidenciou-se baixa adesão às recomendações nutricionais para consumo de ácidos graxos. Fundamento cardiovasculares Objetivo Métodos 235 Brazilian Trial. Trial . Trial" alimentar avaliados considerada Cardiologia poliinsaturados poli insaturados (AGPI 10 ≥10 diária AGM, , (AGM) 20 AGS, (AGS) 7 <7% 5 5% Resultados 1482 (148 62,9% 629 62 9 [62,9%] prevalente 65 28% 28 (28% 178 (17 7,6% 76 6 [7,6%] ( 0,2%. 02 0,2% 0 2 [0,2%]) p =0,269. 0269 =0,269 269 =0,269) 38,42%, 3842 38,42% 38 42 (38,42%) 3,52% 352 3 52 (3,52% <0,001 0001 001 demais Conclusões avaliada evidenciouse evidenciou 23 1 ≥1 (AGM (AGS <7 148 (14 62,9 [62,9% (28 17 (1 7,6 [7,6% 0,2 [0,2%] 026 =0,26 26 384 38,42 4 (38,42% 3,52 35 (3,52 <0,00 000 00 ≥ < 14 62, [62,9 (2 7, [7,6 0, [0,2% =0,2 38,4 (38,42 3,5 (3,5 <0,0 [62, [7, [0,2 =0, 38, (38,4 3, (3, <0, [62 [7 [0, =0 (38, (3 <0 [6 [ [0 = (38

ABSTRACT Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the genus Cryptococcus that affects humans and animals. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological and anatomopathological profiles, occurrence, and distribution of the infection by Cryptococcus spp. in 30 dogs and 110 cats residing in the State of São Paulo, from 2014 to 2020. The study evaluated the results from 140 necropsies and histopathology and cytopathology tests provided by Veterinary Pathology services. A higher occurrence of positive diagnosis was observed in females of both cats and dogs, adults, and mixed breeds of both species. The main diagnostic method used was histopathology, with a predominance of integumentary lesions in dogs and cats (skin pattern), with no significant difference between species and lesion location (p≤ 0.827). The time-spatial distribution showed a significant increase in the diagnoses in dogs and cats over the seven years, the identification of areas with a higher rate of diagnosis of cryptococcosis such as Campinas and São José do Rio Preto, and the positive correlation of a diagnosis with climatic data. Retrospective studies of anatomopathological data help to identify suspected cases of cryptococcosis and demonstrate the importance of monitoring and surveillance of cryptococcosis. animals profiles spp 3 11 Paulo 201 2020 14 services adults skin pattern, pattern , pattern) p≤ p (p 0.827. 0827 0.827 . 0 827 0.827) timespatial time spatial years Preto 1 20 202 082 0.82 82 2 08 0.8 8 0.

RESUMO A criptococose é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo gênero Cryptococcus, que acomete humanos e animais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico e anatomopatológico, a ocorrência e a distribuição da infecção em 30 cães e 110 gatos residentes no estado de São Paulo, no período de 2014 a 2020. O estudo avaliou 140 registros de necropsia e de exames histopatológicos e citopatológicos fornecidos por serviços de patologia veterinária. Os resultados apontaram maior positividade em fêmeas felinas e caninas, adultos e sem raça definida. O principal método de diagnóstico empregado foi o histopatológico, com predomínio de lesões tegumentares em cães e gatos (padrão cutâneo), não havendo diferença significativa entre espécie e localização da lesão (P≤ 0,827). A distribuição tempo-espacial demonstrou o aumento significativo de diagnósticos positivos em cães e gatos ao longo dos setes anos, a identificação de áreas com maior número de diagnósticos positivos, como Campinas e São José do Rio Preto, e a correlação positiva com os dados climáticos dos municípios. Estudos retrospectivos de dados anatomopatológicos auxiliam na identificação de casos suspeitos e demonstram a importância do monitoramento e da vigilância da criptococose. Cryptococcus animais anatomopatológico 3 11 Paulo 201 2020 14 veterinária caninas definida histopatológico padrão cutâneo, cutâneo , cutâneo) P≤ P (P 0,827. 0827 0,827 . 0 827 0,827) tempoespacial tempo espacial anos Preto municípios 1 20 202 082 0,82 82 2 08 0,8 8 0,

ABSTRACT The “campos” of the Pampa are unique Brazilian ecosystems, which provide key environmental services, including C storage. These grassy ecosystems have been rapidly converted to intensive land-uses, mainly intensive grain crops (soybeans) and Eucalyptus silviculture. These new land-uses could decrease soil C stocks, depending on soil management. This study aimed to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) changes after the conversion of native grasslands to cropland (soybeans/cover crops under no-tillage) and forestry (Eucalyptus). Eight representative sites in this biome were selected for soil sampling (Alegrete-ALE, Aceguá-ACE, Jari-JAR, Jaguarão-JAG, Pinheiro Machado-PIM, Lavras-LAV, Santo Antônio das Missões-SAM, São Gabriel-SAG). Soil sampling was conducted in dug pits (0.30 m wide × 0.30 m long × 0.40 m depth) spaced by 50 m at each site, to 0.30 m depth. Soil bulk density and SOC were obtained by samples obtained with volumetric rings. Soil organic C was analyzed by dry combustion. Soil C stocks were calculated per layer and cumulatively (0.00-0.20 and 0.00-0.30 m). Soil C content was higher under grasslands in soils from sites with finer, clayey texture (ACE, JAG), and lower in soils at sites with sandier topsoil. Land-use conversion to silviculture and cropland minimally affected SOC stocks. The same pattern was observed with soil N, because of the tight connection between C and N cycles. Soil bulk density was similar across sites and layers, but higher values were measured in sites with coarser texture. Mean SOC stock of the grassland sites was 62 ± 24.6 Mg ha-1, similar to 66 Mg ha-1 reported for grasslands soils of Rio Grande do Sul State, and higher than that reported by IPCC for this region (55 ± 4.4 Mg ha-1). Adopting these default values would lead to underestimation of baseline SOC stocks in the region. Land-use conversion to cropland did not affect SOC stocks significantly, probably because of the adoption of no-tillage system with winter cover crops. Soil C stocks were lower in Eucalyptus stands in the 0.00-0.30 m soil layer, which could be attributed to intensive soil management at planting and lower soil fertility in some sites. This lack of effect of conversion on soil C was attributed to the short time since conversion and adoption of soil conservation practices (no-tillage) in cropland. The study contributed to reduce existing soil data gaps in the region and supports Brazilian public initiatives like the ABC Program and National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. campos “campos services storage landuses, landuses land uses, uses soybeans (soybeans (SOC soybeans/cover soybeanscover notillage no tillage Eucalyptus. . (Eucalyptus) AlegreteALE, AlegreteALE Alegrete ALE, ALE (Alegrete-ALE AceguáACE, AceguáACE Aceguá ACE, ACE Aceguá-ACE JariJAR, JariJAR Jari JAR, JAR Jari-JAR JaguarãoJAG, JaguarãoJAG Jaguarão JAG, JAG Jaguarão-JAG MachadoPIM, MachadoPIM Machado PIM, PIM Machado-PIM LavrasLAV, LavrasLAV Lavras LAV, LAV Lavras-LAV MissõesSAM, MissõesSAM Missões SAM, SAM Missões-SAM GabrielSAG. GabrielSAG Gabriel SAG Gabriel-SAG) 030 0 30 (0.3 0.3 040 40 0.4 depth 5 site rings combustion 0.000.20 000020 0.00 0.20 00 20 (0.00-0.2 0.000.30 000030 0.00-0.3 m. m) finer (ACE , JAG) topsoil Landuse Land use cycles layers 6 246 24 24. ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha- State 55 (5 44 4 4. ha1. ha-1) significantly (no-tillage Inventories (Eucalyptus Gabriel-SAG 03 3 (0. 0. 04 000 0.000.2 00002 0.0 020 0.2 2 (0.00-0. 0.000.3 00003 0.00-0. ( (0 0.000. 0000 02 (0.00-0 0.00-0 0.000 (0.00- 0.00- (0.00 (0.0

The right to clean water is one of the Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations Agenda 2030. Industrial activity produces several tons of wastewater daily contaminated with dyes that must be treated. In this sense, the adsorption employing carbon-based materials as adsorbents is one of the most used and efficient processes. In this study, we developed a more sustainable biochar derived from a licuri nutshell (LN), a typical Brazilian lignocellulosic residue, for methylene blue (MB) removal. The chemical treatment of this biochar with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide created a functional structure with acid and basic sites. The licuri nutshell modified biochar (LNMB) presented a maximum adsorption capacity of MB of 826.45 mg g-1, while the non-modified biochar and the commercial activated carbon presented only 5.27 and 142.86 mg g-1, respectively. The recyclability of the adsorbents was evaluated, and there was a loss of efficiency in each cycle for every material. However, it is remarkable that LNMB presented in only one adsorption cycle almost six times more MB removal than the commercial material, thus proving its promising feature as a greener adsorbent derived from lignocellulosic waste. 2030 treated sense carbonbased based processes study LN, LN , (LN) residue (MB sites (LNMB 82645 826 45 826.4 g1, g1 g 1, 1 g-1 nonmodified non 527 5 27 5.2 14286 142 86 142.8 respectively evaluated material However waste 203 (LN 8264 82 4 826. g- 52 2 5. 1428 14 8 142. 20

ABSTRACT: Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by defects in insulin secretion and combined peripheral resistance to the hormone. Several non-human primates (NHP) species develop T2DM, mainly captive animals with reduced physical activity and incorrect feeding. This case report describes the T2DM treatment of a black-eared marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) by diet reformulation and metformin oral administration. An adult female was diagnosed with T2DM after hyperglycemia and high serum fructosamine associated with glycosuria and obesity. Metformin hydrochloride (125mg/animal, orally, q24h) associated with feeding intervention was started. After 26 days, a significant reduction in weight, glycemia, and serum fructosamine could be observed, showing satisfactory results for the adopted therapy. Metformin is considered a safe drug for T2DM treatment due to its low hypoglycemia risk. The new diet consisted of sweet potato, squash, and varied fruits offered twice daily. In addition, thawed-mice newborns, egg whites, and small portions of pelleted primate food. In the present report, metformin use, associated with a low glycemic index diet, was effective in treating this particular marmoset and may present a potential for T2DM treatment in other NHPs. ABSTRACT Type2 Type 2 Type- TDM T DM (T2DM hormone nonhuman non human NHP (NHP blackeared black eared Callithrix penicillata administration obesity 125mg/animal, 125mganimal mganimal 125mg animal mg (125mg/animal orally q24h qh q h started days weight glycemia observed therapy risk potato squash daily addition thawedmice thawed mice newborns whites food use NHPs 125mg/animal

RESUMO: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) caracteriza-se por uma combinação de defeitos na secreção de insulina e resistência periférica ao hormônio. Diversas espécies de primatas não humanos (PNH) desenvolvem DM2, sobretudo animais cativos com atividade física reduzida e alimentados incorretamente. Este trabalho descreve o tratamento de DM2 em sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata), através da reformulação da dieta e administração oral de metformina. Uma fêmea adulta foi diagnosticada com DM2 após apresentar hiperglicemia e frutosaminemia elevadas associadas à glicosúria e à obesidade. Iniciou-se o uso do cloridrato de metformina (125mg/animal, VO, SID) associado ao controle de consumo alimentar com ajustes da dieta. Após 26 dias pode-se observar redução significativa de peso, adequação da glicemia e frutosaminemia, constatando resultado satisfatório da terapêutica adotada. A metformina é considerada um medicamento seguro para o tratamento de DM2, devido ao baixo risco de hipoglicemia. A base da nova dieta era batata-doce, abóbora e frutas variadas oferecidas duas vezes ao dia. Além disso, camundongos recém-nascidos descongelados, clara de ovo e pequenas porções de ração primata peletizada. No presente relato, a metformina associada a uma dieta com baixo índice glicêmico, foi eficaz para tratamento de DM2 podendo apresentar potencial terapêutico de DM2 em outros PNH. RESUMO DM (DM2 caracterizase caracteriza se hormônio PNH (PNH incorretamente saguidetufopreto sagui tufo preto Callithrix penicillata, penicillata , penicillata) obesidade Iniciouse Iniciou 125mg/animal, 125mganimal mganimal 125mg animal mg (125mg/animal VO SID podese pode peso adotada hipoglicemia batatadoce, batatadoce batata doce, doce batata-doce dia disso recémnascidos recém nascidos descongelados peletizada relato glicêmico (DM 125mg/animal

Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. is a medicinal plant used to treat diseases related to oxidative processes. In this work, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis have been employed to track the chemical changes and antioxidant activity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) extracts from E. punicifolia leaves over seasons. Principal component analysis (PCA) applied to 1H NMR allowed discriminating DMSO extracts from leaves collected in the dry and rainy seasons and pointed out sucrose, catechin, and epicatechin as responsible for separating dry season samples and quercetin, acid gallic, glucose, and fatty acids contributed for rainy samples grouping. Notably, antioxidant assays revealed that dry season extracts exhibited a higher radical scavenging capacity. When those compounds were submitted to partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) only sucrose and fatty acids presented variable importance projection (VIP) score > 1, both metabolites are related somehow to the defense mechanisms of the plant. This pilot study may suggest new experimental approaches for more effectively monitoring the spectrum-effect relationship of E. punicifolia leaf extracts. Kunth (Kunth DC processes work H (NMR (DMSO E PCA (PCA catechin quercetin gallic glucose grouping Notably capacity squaresdiscriminant squares discriminant PLSDA PLS DA (PLS-DA VIP (VIP 1 spectrumeffect spectrum effect

Abstract Background: Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an infiltrative disease caused by abnormal protein deposition mainly in the heart and peripheral nervous system. When it affects the heart, the disease presents as restrictive cardiomyopathy; when it affects the peripheral and autonomic nervous system, it manifests as polyneuropathy, and is called familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). There are two ATTR subtypes: wild-type ATTR, where there is no mutation, and mutant ATTR (ATTRm), which is characterized by a mutation in the gene encoding the transthyretin protein (TTR). In both subtypes, cardiac involvement is the major marker of poor prognosis. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of subclinical cardiac involvement in a sample of patients with TTR gene mutation by using pyrophosphate scintigraphy and strain echocardiography; to compare scintigraphy and strain findings; to evaluate the association between neurological manifestations (FAP) and subclinical cardiac involvement; and to analyze whether there is an association between any specific mutation and cardiac involvement. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with carriers of the TTR gene mutation, without cardiovascular symptoms or changes in electrocardiographic or conventional echocardiographic parameters. All patients underwent pyrophosphate scintigraphy and strain echocardiography. Subclinical cardiac involvement was defined as a Perugini score ≥ 2, heart-to-contralateral lung (H/CL) ratio ≥ 1.5 at 1 h, H/CL ≥1.3 at 3 h, or global longitudinal strain (GLS) ≤ −17%. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed and Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney test were applied. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The 23 patients evaluated had a median age of 51 years (IQR 37–57 years), 15 (65.2%) were female, 12 (52.2%) were Pardo, nine (39.1%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and nine (39.1%) had a previous diagnosis of FAP. Of the nine patients with FAP, 8 (34.8%) were on tafamidis. The associated mutations were Val142IIe, Val50Met, and IIe127Val. The median GLS in the sample was −19% (−16% to −20%). Of the 23 patients, nine (39.1%; 95% CI = 29–49%) met criteria for cardiac involvement, six (26%) by the GLS-based criteria only. There was no association between having FAP and being an asymptomatic carrier, as assessed by strain echocardiography and pyrophosphate scintigraphy (p = 0.19). The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, and reduced GLS did not differ between groups. Septal e’ wave velocity was the only variable that significantly differed between individuals with and without reduced GLS, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.61–0.98, p = 0.027). The best diagnostic accuracy was achieved with a septal e’ velocity ≤ 8.5 cm/s. There was no association between mutation type and preclinical cardiac involvement, nor between tafamidis use and lower degree of cardiac involvement (37.5% versus 40.0%, p = 0.90). Conclusion: Subclinical cardiac involvement was common in a sample of TTR mutation carriers without cardiac involvement. Reduced left ventricular GLS was the most frequent finding. There was no association between the presence of amyloid polyneuropathy and subclinical cardiac involvement. Type of mutation was not associated with early cardiac involvement. In this sample, the use of tafamidis 20 mg/day was not associated with a lower prevalence of subclinical cardiac involvement. Background (ATTR system cardiomyopathy . subtypes wildtype wild ATTRm, ATTRm , (ATTRm) TTR. (TTR) prognosis Objectives findings (FAP Methods crosssectional cross sectional parameters 2 hearttocontralateral contralateral HCL H CL (H/CL 5 1. h 13 ≥1. (GLS 17 −17% Fishers Fisher s MannWhitney Mann Whitney applied 005 0 05 0.0 significant Results IQR 3757 37 57 37–5 years, years) 65.2% 652 65 (65.2% female 52.2% 522 52 (52.2% Pardo 39.1% 391 39 (39.1% hypertension 34.8% 348 34 (34.8% Val142IIe ValIIe Val IIe Val50Met ValMet Met IIe127Val IIeVal 19 −19 −16% 16 (−16 −20%. −20% −20%) 95 29–49% 2949 29 49 26% 26 (26% GLSbased based carrier 0.19. 019 0.19 0.19) mellitus dyslipidemia smoking groups e 080 80 0.8 (95 061098 61 98 0.61–0.98 0.027. 0027 0.027 027 0.027) 85 8. cms cm cm/s 37.5% 375 (37.5 400 40 40.0% 0.90. 090 0.90 90 0.90) Conclusion finding mgday mg day (ATTRm (TTR ≥1 −17 00 0. 37– 65.2 6 (65.2 52.2 (52.2 39.1 (39.1 34.8 (34.8 −1 −16 (−1 −20 9 29–49 294 4 (26 01 0.1 08 (9 06109 0.61–0.9 002 0.02 02 37.5 (37. 40.0 09 0.9 65. (65. 52. (52. 39. (39. 34. (34. − (− −2 29–4 (2 ( 0610 0.61–0. 37. (37 40. (65 (52 (39 (34 29– 061 0.61–0 (3 (6 (5 06 0.61– 0.61 0.6

Resumo Fundamento: A amiloidose por transtirretina (ATTR) é uma doença infiltrativa causada pela deposição anormal de proteína principalmente no coração e no sistema nervoso periférico. Quando acomete o coração, a doença manifesta-se como uma cardiomiopatia restritiva e, quando afeta o sistema nervoso periférico e autônomo, apresenta-se como uma polineuropatia, podendo ser chamada de Polineuropatia Amiloidótica Familiar (PAF). Existem dois subtipos de ATTR, a ATTR selvagem, em que não há variantes genéticas, e a ATTR hereditária, caracterizada por uma variante no gene que codifica a proteína transtirretina (T\TR). Em ambos os subtipos, o envolvimento cardíaco é o principal marcador prognóstico. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do envolvimento cardíaco subclínico em uma amostra de pacientes com variantes genéticas no gene TTR usando a cintilografia com pirofosfato e o ecocardiograma com strain; comparar os achados cintilográficos e as medidas de strain; avaliar a associação entre PAF e o envolvimento subclínico; e analisar se existe uma associação entre uma variante genética específica e o envolvimento cardíaco. Métodos: Estudo transversal com carreadores de variantes no gene TTR sem sintomas cardiovasculares e sem alterações nos parâmetros da eletrocardiografia ou do ecocardiograma convencional. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à cintilografia com pirofosfato e à ecocardiografia com análise de strain. O envolvimento cardíaco subclínico, definido como um escore de Perugini ≥ 2, razão Coração (C)/ Hemitórax Contralateral (CL) ≥ 1,5 em uma hora, C/CL ≥ 1,3 na terceira hora, ou um strain longitudinal global (SGL) ≤ −17%. Realizadas análises descritiva e analítica, e aplicados o teste exato de Fisher e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Os 23 pacientes avaliados apresentavam uma idade mediana de 51 (37-57) anos, 15 (65,2%) eram do sexo feminino, 12 (52,2%) eram pardos, nove (39,1%) apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica, e nove (39,1%) tinham um diagnóstico prévio de PAF. Dos nove pacientes com PAF, oito (34,8%) usavam tafamidis. As variantes genéticas identificadas foram Val142IIe, Val50Met e IIe127Val. O valor mediano do SGL foi −19% (-16% – −20%). Dos 23 pacientes, nove (39,1%; 95% CI = 29–49%) preencheram os critérios de envolvimento cardíaco, seis (26%) somente pelo critério do SGL. Não houve associação entre PAF e um carreador assintomático avaliado por ecocardiograma com análise de strain e pela cintilografia com pirofostato (p=0,19). A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemia, tabagismo e SGL reduzido não foi diferente entre os grupos. A velocidade da onda e’ septal foi a única variável que apresentou diferença significativa entre os indivíduos com e sem SGL reduzido, com uma área sob a curva ROC de 0,80 (IC95% = 0,61–0,98, p = 0,027). A melhor acurácia diagnóstica foi alcançada com uma velocidade e’ septal ≤ 8,5 cm/s. Não houve associação entre o tipo de variante genética e o envolvimento cardíaco pré-clínico, nem entre o uso de tafamidis e este mesmo envolvimento (37,5% versus 40,0%, p = 0,90). Conclusão: O envolvimento cardíaco subclínico foi frequente em uma amostra de carreadores da variante genética do gene TTR. Um valor do SGL reduzido foi o achado mais comum. Não houve associação entre a presença de polineuropatia amiloidótica e o envolvimento subclínico. O tipo de variante genética não foi associado com envolvimento cardíaco precoce. Nesta amostra, o uso de tafamidis (20mg/dia) não foi associado com uma menor prevalência de envolvimento cardíaco subclínico. Fundamento (ATTR manifestase manifesta autônomo apresentase apresenta . (PAF) selvagem hereditária T\TR. T\TR T TR (T\TR) prognóstico Objetivos Métodos convencional 2 C/ C / (C) CL (CL 1 5 1, hora CCL 13 3 (SGL 17 −17% analítica MannWhitney. MannWhitney Mann Whitney. Whitney Mann-Whitney p005 0 05 p<0,0 significativo Resultados 3757 37 57 (37-57 anos 65,2% 652 65 (65,2% feminino 52,2% 522 52 (52,2% pardos 39,1% 391 39 (39,1% sistêmica 34,8% 348 34 8 (34,8% Val142IIe ValIIe Val IIe ValMet Met IIe127Val IIeVal 19 −19 16% 16 (-16 −20%. 20 −20% −20%) 95 29–49% 2949 29 49 26% 26 (26% p=0,19. p019 p=0,19 (p=0,19) mellitus dislipidemia grupos 080 80 0,8 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 061098 61 98 0,61–0,98 0,027. 0027 0,027 027 0,027) 85 8, cms cm s cm/s préclínico, préclínico pré clínico, clínico pré-clínico 37,5% 375 (37,5 400 40 40,0% 0,90. 090 0,90 90 0,90) Conclusão comum precoce 20mg/dia 20mgdia mgdia 20mg dia mg (20mg/dia (PAF (T\TR (C −17 p00 p<0, (37-5 65,2 6 (65,2 52,2 (52,2 39,1 (39,1 34,8 (34,8 −1 (-1 −20 9 29–49 294 4 (26 p01 p=0,1 (p=0,19 08 0, IC9 (IC9 06109 0,61–0,9 002 0,02 02 37,5 (37, 40,0 09 0,9 p0 p<0 (37- 65, (65, 52, (52, 39, (39, 34, (34, − (- −2 29–4 (2 p=0, (p=0,1 (IC 0610 0,61–0, 00 0,0 37, (37 40, p< (65 (52 (39 (34 ( 29– p=0 (p=0, 061 0,61–0 (3 (6 (5 p= (p=0 06 0,61– (p= 0,61 (p 0,6

Resumo Atualmente, Myloplus schomburgkii representa a espécie mais facilmente reconhecida entre os serrasalmídeos, por apresentar uma barra preta vertical no meio do corpo. No entanto, através de uma ampla revisão taxonômica, incluindo DNA barcoding e análises morfológicas, conseguimos identificar e descrever duas novas espécies que também compartilham a barra vertical escura no flanco. Além disso, redescrevemos M. schomburgkii, designando um neótipo e restringindo a localidade-tipo ao rio Negro, Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. As três linhagens de pacus de barra preta apresentam altas divergências moleculares (7,9–11%) e podem ser morfologicamente distinguidas por diferenças na forma da barra vertical, forma da nadadeira anal nas fêmeas, número de vértebras totais, número de raios ramificados na nadadeira dorsal, entre outros caracteres. Embora a existência dessas duas novas espécies tenha sido ocultada devido a grandes semelhanças morfológicas, principalmente pela presença da barra vertical preta, as três linhagens não compõem um grupo monofilético, com uma das novas espécies sendo recuperada como irmã de Ossubtus xinguense. Este resultado reforça a necessidade da redefinição dos gêneros de Myleini. Atualmente serrasalmídeos corpo entanto taxonômica morfológicas flanco disso M localidadetipo localidade tipo Negro Barcelos Amazonas Brasil 7,9–11% 7911 7 9 11 (7,9–11% fêmeas totais dorsal caracteres monofilético xinguense Myleini 7,9–11 791 1 (7,9–11 7,9–1 79 (7,9–1 7,9– (7,9– 7,9 (7,9 7, (7, (7 (

Abstract Presently, Myloplus schomburgkii is the most easily recognized species among the serrasalmids by having a vertical black bar in the middle of the body. However, through a broad taxonomic review, including DNA barcoding and morphological analyses, we were able to identify and describe two new species that also share a dark vertical bar on the flank. In addition, we redescribe M. schomburgkii, designating a neotype and restricting the type-locality to rio Negro in Barcelos, Amazonas State, Brazil. The three lineages of black-barred pacus present high molecular divergences (7.9–11%) and can be distinguished by differences in the shape of the vertical bar, shape of females’ anal fin, number of total vertebrae, number of total branched dorsal-fin rays, among other characters. Although the existence of these two new species has been hidden due to many morphological similarities, mainly the presence of the black bar, the three lineages do not compose a monophyletic group, with one of the new species being recovered as sister to Ossubtus xinguense. This result reinforces the necessity of the redefinition of the Myleini genera. Presently body However review analyses flank addition M typelocality type locality Barcelos State Brazil blackbarred barred 7.9–11% 7911 7 9 11 (7.9–11% females fin vertebrae dorsalfin dorsal rays characters similarities group xinguense genera 7.9–11 791 1 (7.9–11 7.9–1 79 (7.9–1 7.9– (7.9– 7.9 (7.9 7. (7. (7 (

Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment’s functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats. patterns BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brazil BIOTAAraçá Paulo beaches mangroves shores flat services Unfortunately socialenvironmental social economic i.e., ie i e (i.e. vs smallscale small scale biodiversity. . biodiversity) area s functioning macrofauna meiofauna listed information distribution 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. 1 threatened exploited Furthermore threats i.e. (i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 i.e 2 (

Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças. BIOTAFAPESP BIOTA FAPESP Brasil BIOTAAraçá Paulo praias manguezais rochosos maré ecossistêmicos Infelizmente sócioambientais sócio econômicas i.e. ie i (i.e vs . biodiversidade) área marinho macrofauna meiofauna listados espécie 82 70 225 (22 spp., spp spp. , spp.) 194 (19 177 (17 spp.. listadas 1 extinção economicamente ameaças i.e 8 7 22 (2 19 (1 17 2 (

Abstract Thiosemicarbazones are promising classes of compounds with antitumor activity. For this study, six 2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene-thiosemicarbazones compounds were synthesized. These compounds were submitted to different assays in silico, in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the toxicological, antioxidant and antitumor effects. The in silico results were evaluated by the SwissADME and pkCSM platforms and showed that all compounds had good oral bioavailability profiles. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays showed that the compounds showed low cytotoxicity against different normal cells and did not promote hemolytic effects. The single dose acute toxicity test (2000 mg/kg) showed that none of the compounds were toxic to mice. In in vitro antioxidant activity assays, the compounds showed moderate to low activity, with PB17 standing out for the ABTS radical capture assay. The in vivo antioxidant activity highlighted the compounds 1, 6 and 8 that promoted a significant increase in the concentration of liver antioxidant enzymes. Finally, all compounds showed promising antitumor activity against different cell lines, especially MCF-7 and DU145 lines, in addition, they inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 at concentrations lower than 50 mg/kg. These results showed that the evaluated compounds can be considered as potential antitumor agents. study 2,4dihydroxybenzylidenethiosemicarbazones 24dihydroxybenzylidenethiosemicarbazones dihydroxybenzylidenethiosemicarbazones 2,4 dihydroxy benzylidene thiosemicarbazones 2 4 synthesized toxicological effects profiles 2000 (200 mg/kg mgkg mg kg mice PB PB1 assay 1 enzymes Finally lines MCF7 MCF 7 MCF- DU DU14 addition 18 5 agents 4dihydroxybenzylidenethiosemicarbazones 24 2, 200 (20 DU1 20 (2 (

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a comprehensive framework to guide actions towards a more sustainable future, emphasizing the need for sustainable production and consumption patterns (SDG 12), urgent measures to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13), and ensuring inclusive, equitable, and quality education (SDG 4). In this context, environmental education (EE) becomes crucial to empower present and future generations to address complex environmental challenges. Promoting EE can be enhanced through Chemistry education, encouraging the use of biomass as a primary energy source, a significant ally in addressing the SDGs. This study integrates experimental and educational chemical knowledge on the pyrolysis reaction of black pepper waste, aiming at higher education in Chemistry in an Environmental Chemistry class at Federal University of Espírito Santo. It aims to provide an in-depth understanding of chemical kinetics, connected to sustainable development through the theoretical-methodological strategy of problematized experimental activity (PEA). The developed PEA comprised five theoretical-experimental classes, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) simulation and pyrolysis furnace testing. The results indicate significant learning in Chemical Kinetics and themes related to the pyrolysis process associated with sustainable development, highlighting the contribution of the utilized PEA. SDGs (SDGs SDG 12, 12 , 12) 13, 13 13) inclusive equitable 4. 4 . 4) context (EE challenges source waste Santo indepth depth kinetics theoreticalmethodological theoretical methodological (PEA) theoreticalexperimental classes TGA (TGA testing 1 (PEA

The generation of clean, zero-carbon, and renewable energy is a challenge for the development of a sustainable and egalitarian society. Hydrogen gas can be produced by water electrolysis and has been claimed as the most promising option to replace fossil fuels. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the most energetically demanding step of the water splitting and requires the use of electrocatalysts to overcome the kinetic barrier. Iron oxide nanomaterials have been emerging as a low-cost and Earth-abundant OER electrocatalysts. The synthesis of iron oxide assisted by plant extract is an eco-friendly approach to obtain nanomaterials with unique properties. Herein, we investigated iron oxide synthesized with the assistance of Camellia sinensis extract, under different experimental conditions towards oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysis. Pure phases of iron oxide were obtained, ferrihydrite and maghemite showed overpotentials of 460 and 480 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2, respectively. After calcination, hematite was formed and the overpotential was raised to 610 and 810 m V, respectively. The lower overpotential of the amorphous materials could be related to the lower electron transfer resistance and faster reaction rate. On the other hand, the calcinated materials presented higher specific activity, stability and higher Faradaic efficiency. clean zerocarbon, zerocarbon zero carbon, carbon zero-carbon society fuels (OER barrier lowcost low cost Earthabundant Earth abundant ecofriendly eco friendly properties Herein electrocatalysis obtained 46 48 1 cm2 cm 2 cm–2 respectively calcination 61 81 V rate hand activity efficiency 4 cm– 6 8