Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate whether puberty and parturition alter the antral follicle count (AFC) in female Nelore (Bos indicus) beef cattle. Two experiments were carried out to compare AFC between the prepubertal and pubertal periods and between the prepubertal and postpartum periods. AFC and follicle concentrations did not differ between the prepubertal and pubertal periods. However, the ovarian area increased after puberty. In addition, AFC and the ovarian area were greater in the postpartum than in the prepubertal period. Therefore, AFC is not affected by the puberty of Nelore heifers, but increases significantly when the prepubertal heifers become cows. (AFC Bos indicus cattle However addition period Therefore cows

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a puberdade e o parto alteram a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) em fêmeas Nelore (Bos indicus) de corte. Foram realizados dois experimentos para comparar a CFA entre os períodos pré-púbere e púbere e entre os períodos pré-púbere e pós-parto. A CFA e a concentração folicular não diferiram entre os períodos pré-púbere e púbere. Entretanto, a área ovariana foi maior após a puberdade. Além disso, a CFA e a área do ovário foram maiores no período pós-parto quando comparado ao pré-púbere. Portanto, a CFA não é afetada pela puberdade de novilhas Nelore, mas aumenta significativamente quando as novilhas pré-púberes se tornam vacas. (CFA Bos indicus corte prépúbere pré pósparto. pósparto pós parto. Entretanto disso prépúbere. Portanto prépúberes púberes vacas

BACKGROUND The central repetitive region (CRR) of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) is composed of a repetitive sequence that is characterised by three variants: VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like. The most important challenge in the treatment of P. vivax infection is the possibility of differential response based on the parasite genotype. OBJECTIVES To characterise the CSP variants in P. vivax isolates from individuals residing in a malaria-endemic region in Brazil and to profile these variants based on sensitivity to chloroquine and mefloquine. METHODS The CSP variants were determined by sequencing and the sensitivity of the P. vivax isolates to chloroquine and mefloquine was determined by Deli-test. FINDINGS Although five different allele sizes were amplified, the sequencing results showed that all of the isolates belonged to the VK210 variant. However, we observed substantial genetic diversity in the CRR, resulting in the identification of 10 different VK210 subtypes. The frequency of isolates that were resistant to chloroquine and mefloquine was 11.8 and 23.8%, respectively. However, we did not observe any difference in the frequency of the resistant isolates belonging to the VK210 subtypes. MAIN CONCLUSION The VK210 variant is the most frequently observed in the studied region and there is significant genetic variability in the CRR of the P. vivax CSP. Moreover, the antimalarial drug sensitivity profiles of the isolates does not seem to be related to the VK210 subtypes.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the safety and efficacy of pegvisomant therapy and the predictors of treatment response in acromegaly patients at a single tertiary reference center in Brazil. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, hormonal and radiological data of acromegaly patients treated with pegvisomant in our center. We also evaluated the presence of the d3 isoform of the growth hormone receptor (d3GHR). Results Twenty-seven patients were included (17 women). Pegvisomant was used in combination with octreotide LAR in 20 patients (74%), in combination with cabergoline in one (4%) and as monotherapy in six (22%). IGF-I normalization was achieved in 23 patients (85%). Mild and transitory elevation of liver enzymes was observed in two patients (7.4%), tumor growth in one (3.4%) and lipodystrophy in two (7.4%). One patient stopped the drug due to headaches. The GHR isoforms were evaluated in 14 patients, and the presence of at least one d3GHR allele was observed in 43% of them, but it was not a predictor of treatment response. Only pre-treatment IGF-I level was a predictor of treatment response. Conclusion Pegvisomant treatment was highly effective and safe in our series of Brazilian patients. A better chance of disease control can be expected in those with lower pre-pegvisomant IGF-I levels.

HYPOTHESIS: There is no hypoxemia after tracheal aspiration when there is no optimization of O2 pre-aspiration. AIM: To verify, through the assessment of arterial gasometry, if there is a significant difference in the values of SaO2, PaO2 and P/F in patients on ventilatory assistance and septic shock when FiO2 is not kept to 100% after tracheal aspiration. METHODS: a randomized clinical trial-type crossover, with two interventions, one arm, double-blind, phase III. A convenience sample of 27 patients is used by calculation for discrete variables of finite populations. Inclusion criteria: septic shock due to local infection, mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours, optimal FiO2 <95%, PEEP <24 mmHg. For the statistical analysis we will use the student's t-test with a significance level of 5% supported by software R version 2.5.1.

HIPÓTESIS: No hay hipoxemia tras la aspiración traqueal cuando no hay supra-optimización de O2 pre-aspiración. OBJETIVO: verificar, por medio de la evaluación de gasometría arterial, se hay diferencia significativa de los valores de SaO2, PaO2 e P/F, en pacientes que están usando prótesis ventilatoria y cuadro de choque séptico, cuando no se utiliza la FiO2 a 100% tras la aspiración traqueal. METODO: ensayo clínico aleatorizado del tipo crossover, con dos intervenciones, un brazo, doble-ciego, fase III. Muestra de conveniencia estimada en 27 pacientes por cálculo para variables discretas de poblaciones finitas. Criterios de inclusión: choque séptico con foco de infección local, en ventilación mecánica hace más de 12 horas, FiO2 ideal < 95%; PEEP < 24 mmHg. Para análisis estadística se utilizará el test ‘t’ de student con nivel de significación de 5% auxiliado por el software R versión 2.5.1.

HIPÓTESE: Não há hipoxemia após a aspiração traqueal quando não há supraotimização de O2 pré-aspiração. OBJETIVO: verificar, por meio de avaliação de gasometria arterial, se há diferença significativa dos valores de SaO2, PaO2 e P/F, em pacientes em uso de prótese ventilatória e quadro de choque séptico, quando não se utiliza a FiO2 a 100% após a aspiração traqueal. METODOLOGIA: ensaio clínico randomizado do tipo crossover, com duas intervenções, um braço, duplo-cego, fase III. Amostra de conveniência estimada em 27 pacientes por cálculo para variáveis discretas de populações finitas. Critérios de inclusão: choque séptico com foco de infecção local, em ventilação mecânica há mais de 12 horas, FiO2 ideal < 95%; PEEP < 24 mmHg. Para análise estatística utilizar-se-á o teste 't' de student com nível de significância de 5% auxiliado pelo software R versão 2.5.1.

INTRODUÇÃO: Anteriormente, a alta prevalência de hipertensão arterial em alunos do Ensino Médio de Sorocaba, em São Paulo, foi descrita. Neste estudo, em nova amostra de alunos da mesma faixa etária, oriundos de escolas públicas e privadas, foi avaliado se as diferenças socioeconômicas e o modo de vida podem influenciar os valores da pressão arterial. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, inserido entre as atividades de um trabalho comunitário, em que estudantes de Medicina fazem palestras para alunos do Ensino Médio, objetivando estimular hábitos de vida saudáveis e a prevenção primária da hipertensão arterial. Em amostra aleatória de 410 alunos do segundo ano do Ensino Médio (209 de escolas públicas e 201 de escolas privadas), foram determinados o peso, a altura e a pressão arterial, e foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico e socioeconômico. RESULTADOS: Não há diferenças estatísticas entre os alunos das escolas públicas e privadas quanto à distribuição de sexo, ao índice de massa corporal (IMC), à pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, à prevalência de hipertensão arterial (16,3%), à porcentagem de fumantes (5,9%), à atividade física regular e aos antecedentes familiares de hipertensão arterial. Nas escolas públicas há maior porcentagem de afro-descendentes, os alunos trabalham fora de casa com maior frequência e têm menor renda familiar. Nas escolas públicas e privadas, os homens têm maior prevalência de hipertensão arterial e a média da pressão arterial é maior que nas mulheres. O IMC tem correlação positiva com a pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica. CONCLUSÕES: A hipertensão arterial e outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares têm início precoce e necessitam de intervenções educativas para a prevenção primária. Fatores socioeconômicos não influenciam a pressão arterial na adolescência.

INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence of hypertension in high school students in Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil, has already been described. In this study, within a new sample of high school students from public and private schools, we evaluated if socioeconomic and lifestyle influence on blood pressure values. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study, which is part of the activities of a community-based work conducted by medical students. They give speeches to high school students aiming at stimulating a healthy lifestyle and primary prevention of hypertension. In a random sample of 410 students in junior high school (209 from public schools and 201 from private schools), we determined the weight, height, and blood pressure, furthermore, a questionnaire identifying epidemiological and socioeconomic status was applied. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found among students from public and private schools regarding the distribution of gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension (16.3%), percentage of smokers (5.9%), regular physical activity, and family history of hypertension. In public schools, there is a higher percentage of African descendents students and a higher percentage of students who also work due to low family income. Men from public and private schools have higher prevalence of hypertension, and their mean blood pressure is higher than in women. BMI has a positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors have an early beginning and require educational interventions for primary prevention. Socioeconomic factors do not affect blood pressure in adolescence.