Abstract Introduction: This case report describes one of the possible adverse effects of Intrauterine devices (IUD) and explores the correct procedure in the primary health care setting. Case description: In October 2019, the patient chose a Copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and a pre-procedure ultrasound was performed (no changes detected). In February 2020, the Cu-IUD was introduced without complications and an ultrasound was required to confirm its correct positioning. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the patient didn’t do it and kept condom use. In March 2021, after a new request, the ultrasound performed did not identify the device. The patient denied having expelled the device or any other symptoms. At our observation, the wires were not visible. An abdominal X-ray was performed, showing the device “in the middle area of the pelvic excavation, in an oblique position”. A new ultrasound then revealed the “presence of IUD in the pelvic cup, in extrauterine topography, lateralized to the left side of the uterus”. The patient was sent to an urgent gynecology appointment and the Health Products Surveillance Unit of INFARMED was notified. In June 2021, she was enrolled for laparoscopy for Cu-IUD removal and bilateral salpingectomy for definitive contraception. Comment: This case highlights the importance of ultrasound evaluation after placement of intrauterine devices, confirming their location and guaranteeing the effectiveness of the method and the rapid detection of complications. It was intended to review the correct procedure: physical examination, complementary diagnostic tests, participation to the competent authorities, and early referral to gynecology for rapid resolution of the incident.

Resumo Introdução: Este caso descreve um dos efeitos adversos possíveis da contraceção intrauterina, nomeadamente do dispositivo intrauterino de cobre (Cu-DIU), e explora o procedimento a realizar no âmbito dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP). Descrição do caso: Em outubro de 2019, a utente optou por Cu-DIU e realizou uma ecografia pré-procedimento (sem alterações). Em fevereiro de 2020 foi colocado um Cu-DIU nos CSP, o que ocorreu sem intercorrências; pediu-se ecografia de controlo. Devido ao contexto pandémico, a utente não a realizou e manteve método de barreira. Em março de 2021, a ecografia realizada não identificou o Cu-DIU. A utente negou perceção de expulsão do dispositivo ou outros sintomas. Na observação não foram detetados os fios do Cu-DIU, pelo que se solicitou radiografia abdominal. Realizada em abril de 2021, esta mostrava o dispositivo “na zona média da escavação pélvica, em posição oblíqua de perfil”. Uma nova ecografia ginecológica identificou o DIU na “escavação pélvica, em topografia extrauterina, lateralizado à esquerda do útero”. A utente foi encaminhada para consulta hospitalar urgente e notificou-se a ocorrência à Unidade de Vigilância de Produtos de Saúde (UVPS), da Direção de Produtos de Saúde (DPS) do INFARMED. Em consulta de ginecologia, em junho de 2021, a utente ficou inscrita para laparoscopia para remoção de Cu-DIU e salpingectomia bilateral para contraceção definitiva. Comentário: Este caso alerta para a importância da avaliação ecográfica, após colocação de dispositivos intrauterinos, para confirmação da sua localização e garantia, por um lado, da eficácia do método e, por outro, da rápida deteção de complicações. Pretendeu-se ainda fazer uma breve revisão do procedimento a adotar em casos semelhantes: realização de exame físico e exames complementares de diagnóstico, participação às autoridades competentes e referenciação precoce à ginecologia para a rápida resolução da situação.

Resumo Este estudo objetiva avaliar as técnicas de diagnóstico da tripanossomíase, causada pelo Trypanosoma vivax, em bovinos naturalmente infectados, em Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. A morte de seis vacas em lactação com condições clínicas semelhantes - caracterizadas por hiporexia, hipogalaxia e decúbito - foi relatada em uma propriedade. Inicialmente, dois animais foram examinados e diagnosticados com tripanossomíase através da identificação do protozoário em esfregaço sanguíneo. Após o diagnóstico inicial, todas as vacas em lactação (n = 37) na propriedade foram examinadas, e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para testes, incluindo esfregaço de sangue total, esfregaço de capa leucocitária, técnica de Woo, ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O teste de Woo, os esfregaços de capa leucocitária e de sangue total indicaram que 4/37 (10,81%) animais foram positivos para tripanossomíase, enquanto ELISA e PCR indicaram que 33/37 (89,19%) e 27/37 (72,97%) animais, respectivamente, foram positivos. A concordância entre técnicas parasitológicas foi classificada como alta, enquanto entre ELISA e PCR, sem concordância. As técnicas parasitológicas apresentam baixa capacidade para identificar animais infectados na fase crônica da infecção por T. vivax. Dessa forma, técnicas como PCR e/ou ELISA devem ser utilizadas para minimizar a ocorrência de falsos negativos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic techniques for trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, in naturally infected cattle in Minas Gerais, Zona da Mata. The deaths of six lactating cows with similar clinical conditions—characterized by hyporexia, hypogalactia, and recumbency—had been reported from one property. Initially, two animals were examined and diagnosed with trypanosomiasis through identification of the protozoan in a blood smear. After the initial diagnosis, all lactating cows (n=37) on the property were examined, and blood samples were collected for tests including whole blood smear, buffy coat smear, Woo's technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Woo's test, buffy coat smears, and whole blood smears indicated that 4/37 (10.81%) animals were positive for trypanosomiasis, whereas ELISA and PCR indicated that 33/37 (89.19%) and 27/37 (72.97%) animals, respectively, were positive. The agreement obtained between parasitological techniques was classified as high, while between ELISA and PCR, no agreement. In conclusion, parasitological techniques have a low capacity to identify infected animals in the chronic stage of T. vivax infection. Therefore, techniques such as PCR and/or ELISA should be used to minimize the occurrence of false negatives.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the use of digital resources by Brazilian phonoaudiologists before and during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample of Brazilian phonoaudiologists, with at least one year of practical experience. An online questionnaire consisting of 28 questions divided into eight sections was prepared. Data were analyzed and are reported as absolute and relative frequency regarding the variables: respondent’s age, highest degree and years of experience; weekly working hours; region of the country; type of service and area of expertise; use of digital means before and during the pandemic and willingness to use the same kind of resource after the pandemic. Results: telehealth technologies were used by 90% of phonoaudiologists in Brazil since before the COVID-19 pandemic. A change in the profile of technologies used was observed: after the pandemic, videoconferences gained more use in contact with patients compared to the pre-pandemic period even though contact via mobile phone and instant messaging applications are the most used, both before and during the pandemic. Conclusion: the study's findings demonstrate that 90% of phonoaudiologists who answered the questionnaire in Brazil used and still make use of telehealth technologies to contact patients.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the frequency of drug therapy problems among older adults in Primary Health Care, and to analyze the factors associated with their identification in the initial patient assessment, carried out by pharmacists offering medication therapy management services. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted with data from 758 older adults followed up in medication therapy management services in Primary Health Care in the cities of Belo Horizonte, Betim, and Lagoa Santa (MG, Brazil). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with identification of four or more drug therapy problems in the initial clinical assessment. Results A total of 1,683 drug therapy problems were identified, 73.6% of older patients had at least one problem. The most frequent problems were nonadherence (23.0%) and the need for additional drug therapy (18.0%). Polypharmacy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and aged 75 years or older remained positively and statistically associated with identification of four or more drug therapy problems (p<0.05). Conclusion There is a high frequency of problems related to medication use among older users of Primary Health Care, and the medication therapy management services should be prioritized to the older patients, who present with polypharmacy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and age ≥ 75 years, since they are more likely to have more drug therapy problems.

ABSTRACT Background: Some studies have suggested the importance of vitamin D [25(OH)D] in malaria clinical practice. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the Amazon population is not well known, and there are few studies in patients with malaria. This study aimed to evaluate 25(OH)D serum levels in patients with malaria and determine their relationships with epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and parasitemia data. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 123 patients with malaria and 122 individuals without malaria was performed in Itaituba, Pará, Brazil, from January 2018 to October 2019, by evaluating sociodemographic, clinical-epidemiological, parasitological, and laboratory data and adopting a 5% significance level. Parametric tests (Student's t-test), non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U), and Spearman’s correlation ([rs], for non-parametric variables) were used according to the nature of the distribution of the variables. For the qualitative variables, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and the G test were used. Spearman's correlation was used to compare the results of the 25(OH)D levels and blood counts performed among patients and the control group. Results: Malaria patients residing in a mining area had 25(OH)D serum levels that were significantly lower than those in the control group residing in the mining area, though both were within normal levels. Red blood cell counts had an inverse correlation with parasitemia (Plasmodium falciparum), and platelet levels had an inverse correlation with parasitemia (Plasmodium vivax). 25(OH)D deficiency was evidenced in Itaituba, in the state of Pará, which is an endemic area of malaria in the Amazon region.

Resumo A doença de Behçet é uma vasculite multissistémica rara, cuja apresentação inicial é habitualmente ulceração recorrente da mucosa oral; no entanto, pode apresentar-se com envolvimento de outros sistemas, dificultando o diagnóstico. Apresentamos um caso de um homem de 45 anos com queixas de desequilíbrio da marcha, vertigem, diminuição da força muscular/sensibilidade do membro superior esquerdo e hipovisão. Na ressonância magnética verificou-se lesão expansiva na fossa posterior adjacente ao pedúnculo cerebeloso médio. Ao exame oftalmológico, apresentava oclusão de ramo da veia temporal inferior. Após anamnese minuciosa, foi possível apurar história de ulceração aftosa recorrente da mucosa oral. Pela elevada suspeição de doença de Behçet com atingimento neurológico, decidido iniciar terapêutica com corticoterapia, com melhoria clínica, analítica e imagiológica. A doença de Behçet pode ser muito difícil de diagnosticar quando a manifestação inicial não inclui a tríade clínica clássica de aftas orais, úlceras genitais e lesão ocular.

Abstract Behçet’s disease is a rare multisystemic vasculitis that most commonly presents with recurrent episodes of oral ulceration. However, other system involvement may be the first sign. We report a case of a 45-year-old male who presented with walking instability, loss of motor/sensory function on the upper left arm, vertigo and poor visual acuity. The magnetic resonance imaging showed an expansive lesion in the posterior fossa adjacent to the middle cerebellar peduncle. On ophthalmic examination, he presented occlusion of the inferior temporal vein. After a complete anamnesis, it was possible to establish a history of recurrent aphthous ulceration in the oral mucosa. Due to high suspicion of Behçet’s disease with neurological involvement, the patient was started on corticosteroids, with clinical, analytical and imagiologic improvement. Behçet’s disease can be very difficult to diagnose when the initial manifestation does not include the classic clinical triade of oral aphthous ulceration, genital ulcers and ocular disease.

RESUMO As projeções climáticas para o final do século XXI sugerem a intensificação de eventos extremos que podem causar danos diretos e indiretos à saúde pública e impactar, em diferentes proporções, as populações vulneráveis. Nesse âmbito, destaca-se a vigilância em saúde por suas relevantes ações em todas as etapas de gestão de risco dos desastres. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a vigilância em saúde e desastres de origem natural, com intuito de descrever as principais abordagens desses temas. Observou-se que as publicações têm como assunto central os efeitos dos desastres sobre a saúde; as ações do setor saúde em desastres, o sistema/fluxo de informação em saúde e as condições de vulnerabilidade aos desastres. Os dois primeiros tópicos são mais prevalentes na literatura e permitem o compartilhamento das lições aprendidas ao longo dos anos. Embora em menor número, os dois últimos temas apresentam discussões relevantes para a temática da gestão de risco de desastres e têm muito a contribuir para o avanço da cultura de risco no País, para uma melhor compreensão da realidade e para a resiliência tanto populacional quanto institucional. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância de mais estudos sobre essas temáticas.

ABSTRACT Climate projections for the end of the 21st century suggest the intensification of extreme events that can cause direct and indirect damage to public health and impact differently on vulnerable populations. In this context, health surveillance stands out for its relevant actions in all stages of disaster risk management. The aim of this paper was to review the scientific literature on health surveillance and natural disasters in a global context, in order to describe the main approaches to such themes. Publications tend to focus on the health effects of disasters; health sector actions in disasters, the health information system/flow, and conditions of vulnerability and disasters. The first two topics are more prevalent in the literature and allow the sharing of lessons learned over the years. Although in smaller numbers, the last two themes present discussions relevant to the theme of disaster risk management and have much to contribute to the advancement of risk culture in the country, for a better understanding of the reality and for the resilience of both the population and institutions. In this sense, the importance of further studies on these themes is emphasized.

RESUMO As projeções climáticas para o final do século XXI sugerem a intensificação de eventos extremos que podem causar danos diretos e indiretos à saúde pública e impactar, em diferentes proporções, as populações vulneráveis. Nesse âmbito, destaca-se a vigilância em saúde por suas relevantes ações em todas as etapas de gestão de risco dos desastres. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura científica sobre a vigilância em saúde e desastres de origem natural, com intuito de descrever as principais abordagens desses temas. Observou-se que as publicações têm como assunto central os efeitos dos desastres sobre a saúde; as ações do setor saúde em desastres, o sistema/fluxo de informação em saúde e as condições de vulnerabilidade aos desastres. Os dois primeiros tópicos são mais prevalentes na literatura e permitem o compartilhamento das lições aprendidas ao longo dos anos. Embora em menor número, os dois últimos temas apresentam discussões relevantes para a temática da gestão de risco de desastres e têm muito a contribuir para o avanço da cultura de risco no País, para uma melhor compreensão da realidade e para a resiliência tanto populacional quanto institucional. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância de mais estudos sobre essas temáticas.

ABSTRACT Climate projections for the end of the 21st century suggest the intensification of extreme events that can cause direct and indirect damage to public health and impact differently on vulnerable populations. In this context, health surveillance stands out for its relevant actions in all stages of disaster risk management. The aim of this paper was to review the scientific literature on health surveillance and natural disasters in a global context, in order to describe the main approaches to such themes. Publications tend to focus on the health effects of disasters; health sector actions in disasters, the health information system/flow, and conditions of vulnerability and disasters. The first two topics are more prevalent in the literature and allow the sharing of lessons learned over the years. Although in smaller numbers, the last two themes present discussions relevant to the theme of disaster risk management and have much to contribute to the advancement of risk culture in the country, for a better understanding of the reality and for the resilience of both the population and institutions. In this sense, the importance of further studies on these themes is emphasized.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and the need for adaptation on several fronts. Updating the ways of working is necessary and promoting education and care in the health sector in line with the 21st century is essential. In addition to undergraduate students training in Speech-Language Pathology (SLP) field, based on the necessary opportunities for practical experience with patients during undergraduation, a significant portion of the population is attended by school clinics linked to universities and training centers, which work in conjunction with public health services. In this text we will bring some reflections on the relevance of using telehealth technologies for speech therapists training, considering the articulation between national curricular guidelines, professional training and ethical aspects.

A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe desafios e necessidade de adaptação em diversas frentes. A atualização das formas de trabalho é necessária e promover ensino e atendimento no setor saúde condizentes com o século XXI é fundamental. Não estamos apenas tratando da formação de graduandos na área de Fonoaudiologia, mas do atendimento clínico a uma parcela significativa da população que depende dos serviços de clínicas-escola vinculadas às universidades e centros de formação em nossa profissão.Neste texto traremos algumas reflexões sobre a relevância do uso das tecnologias de telessaúde para a formação de fonoaudiólogos, considerando a articulação entre as diretrizes curriculares nacionais, a formação profissional e aspectos éticos.

Introdução: A gravidez, sendo um período de intensas alterações fisiológicas, induz frequentemente a alterações cutâneas cujo diagnóstico diferencial se revela desafiante, sobretudo quando se trata de patologias menos frequentes. Ao longo da gestação numerosas alterações cutâneas podem ocorrer: as consideradas fisiológicas, as dermatoses específicas da gravidez e as que representam agravamento ou melhoria de dermatoses pré-existentes. Descrição de caso clínico: Mulher de 26 anos, grávida, G3P2, vigiada numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar, com antecedentes pessoais de asma desde a infância, controlada no momento, sem antecedentes familiares de relevo. Na 11ª semana de gestação recorreu à consulta não programada por aparecimento de lesão eritematosa no membro inferior, com aumento progressivo de tamanho, dolorosa ao toque, não pruriginosa, com rubor e edema associado e uma semana de evolução. Colocada inicialmente a hipótese de tromboflebite foi encaminhada para o serviço de urgência hospitalar, tendo sido realizado o diagnóstico de eritema nodoso na gravidez. Comentário: O caso clínico descrito pela autora salienta as alterações cutâneas que surgem frequentemente no contexto de consultas de saúde materna nos cuidados de saúde primários, chamando a atenção para uma alteração menos comum: o eritema nodoso. Esta patologia é uma alteração cutânea com vários fatores etiológicos possíveis, cujo reconhecimento orienta o médico, tranquiliza a gestante e permite estabelecer condutas adequadas, dado o caráter benigno e autolimitado deste quadro clínico.

Introduction: Pregnancy, being a period of deep physiological changes, frequently leads to skin changes with a challenging differential diagnosis, mainly when concerning less common pathologies. Throughout pregnancy, numerous skin changes may occur, physiological, pregnancy-specific, and those that occur as result of the aggravation or improvement of pre-existing dermatosis. Clinical case description: 26-year-old woman, pregnant, G3P2, surveilled at a Family Health Unit, with a personal history of asthma since childhood, currently controlled, with no relevant family history. At the 11th week of gestation, the patient had a walk-in visit due to the appearance of an erythematous lesion in the lower limb, with progressive growth, painful to the touch, non-itchy, associated with redness and edema for one week. As the hypothesis of thrombophlebitis was initially considered, the patient was referred to the A&E, where the diagnosis of erythema nodosum of pregnancy was made. Comment: The clinical case described by the author points out the skin changes that frequently occur in the context of maternal health consultations in primary health care, drawing attention to a less common alteration, the erythema nodosum. This pathology is a skin change with several possible etiological factors; its recognition guides the physician, reassures the pregnant woman and allows the implementation of an adequate management, given the benign and self-limited nature of this clinical presentation.

Abstract Alternatives for the treatment of caries disease, such as minimally invasive approaches, have been developed in recent years. Objective: To carry out clinical and radiographic evaluations of three cavity liners after selective caries removal. Methodology: Thirty-six primary molars with deep occlusal caries lesions without pulp involvement (from children of both genders, aged between 5 and 8 years) were randomly divided into the following groups: calcium hydroxide cement (CHC) group; mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) group and Portland cement with added zirconium oxide (PCZ) group. The following-up period was 6- and 12-month. The clinical and radiographic success rates were evaluated through chi-square test. The radiographic measurements were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Results: Thirty-six patients were included, but thirty-four returned for 12-month follow-up. The overall success rate of the therapy for the three groups was 94.11% and no statistically significant differences occurred in the comparison among groups (p>0.05). Nineteen radiographs were selected to measure the dentin barrier thickness. The intragroup comparison presented a statistically significant increase of the dentin barrier for all groups, at 12-month follow-up. However, the MTA group showed increase of the dentin barrier, over time, 6- to 12-month follow-up. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic data showed that all cavity liners provided effective treatment of primary teeth after selective caries removal.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To identify the adherence and describe the factors associated with the realization of HIV testing among carnival participants. Method: Cross-sectional study with 557 participants. Data were collected using a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed and a chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 95%. Results: Among participants, 66.2% had been tested for HIV at least once in life, 54.2% had been tested in the last 12 months, and 83.8% had never taken the rapid test. There was a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) of HIV testing with the variables gender, age group, relationship, sexual practice with same-sex partners, registration in Basic Care Units and knowledge about health services that perform the free HIV testing. Conclusion: Issues related to social, cultural, gender, and health access aspects showed to be more effective in stimulating testing than exposure to risky sexual practices.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Identificar a adesão e descrever fatores associados à realização da testagem para o HIV entre os participantes do carnaval. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 557 participantes. Os dados foram coletados com auxílio de um questionário. Foi realizada análise descritiva e empregado o teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: 66,2% já fizeram teste para o HIV alguma vez na vida, 54,2% realizaram nos últimos 12 meses e 83,8% nunca fizeram o teste rápido. Houve associação significativamente estatística (p <0.05) na realização do teste com as variáveis, sexo, faixa etária, relacionamento, pratica sexual com pessoa do mesmo sexo, cadastro em Unidades de Atenção Básica e conhecimento sobre serviços de saúde que realizem o teste gratuitamente. Conclusão: Questões sociais, culturais, de gênero e acesso a unidades de saúde tem se mostrado mais eficientes no estímulo para a realização da testagem do que a exposição a práticas sexuais de risco.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Identificar la adhesión y describir factores asociados a la realización de la prueba diagnóstica para el VIH entre los participantes del carnaval. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 557 participantes. Los datos fueron recolectados con ayuda de un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se empleó la prueba chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia del 95%. Resultados: 66,2% ya han hecho pruebas para el VIH alguna vez en la vida, el 54,2% se realizó en los últimos 12 meses y el 83,8% nunca hizo la prueba rápida. Se observó una asociación significativamente estadística (p<0.05) en la realización del test con las variables, sexo, edad, relación, práctica sexual con persona del mismo sexo, registro en Unidades de Atención Básica y conocimiento sobre servicios de salud que realizan el test gratuitamente. Conclusión: Cuestiones sociales, culturales, de género y acceso a unidades de salud se han mostrado más eficientes en el estímulo para la realización del test que la exposición a prácticas sexuales de riesgo.