Abstract Due to chronic alcohol consumption, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become the second most common liver disease in the world. The study was to explore the effects of consuming different amounts of various alcoholic beverages on the liver of mice. Results showed wine contained far more polyphenols and organic acids than beer and Chinese Baijiu. When daily alcohol consumption was low (less than 100 mL/60 kg/day), the liver and serum indicators of mice treated with alcohol, beer, Chinese Baijiu, and wine were not significantly different from those in saline group. At 250 mL/60 kg/day, beer used significantly damaged the liver and caused adverse changes in serum components, while wine did not cause changes in serum, indicating that it may cause less damage due to the existence of a large number of polyphenols. When the daily consumption exceeded 500 mL/60 kg/day, all four alcoholic beverages significantly increased serum markers of hepatic injury and decreased serum total antioxidant capacity and liver antioxidant enzyme levels, resulting in liver fat accumulation and serious pathological damage. At this level, beer used caused the most damage and wine the least. This study explores the appropriate drinking amount of different alcoholic beverages and provides a scientific reference for alcohol consumption.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy in the biliary tract. Without effective treatment, its prognosis is notoriously poor. Tea polyphenols (TPs) have many pharmacological and health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, antibacterial, and vasodilatory properties. However, the anti-cancer effect of TPs in human gallbladder cancer has not yet been determined. Cell viability and colony formation assay were used to investigate the cell growth. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of proteins related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Human tumor xenografts were used to examine the effect of TPs on gallbladder cancer cells in vivo. TPs significantly inhibited cell growth of gallbladder cancer cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle progression in GBC cells was blocked at the S phase by TPs. TPs also induced mitochondrial-related apoptosis in GBC cells by upregulating Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP expressions and downregulating Bcl-2, cyclin A, and Cdk2 expressions. The effects of TPs on GBC were further proven in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. Our study is the first to report that TPs inhibit GBC cell growth and these compounds may have potential as novel therapeutic agents for treating gallbladder cancer.

摘要 目的 评价中国传染病自动预警与响应系统在探测手足口疾病（HFM）爆发方面的表现。 方法 我们利用2008年5月1日和2010年4月30日之间以及2010年5月1日和2012年4月30日之间（即自动预警与响应系统将手足口病纳入之前和之后）报告的病例估算了手足口病病爆发的规模、持续时间...

Résumé Objectif Évaluer les résultats du système automatisé d'alerte et d'action pour les maladies infectieuses de la Chine en matière de détection des épidémies de maladie des mains, pieds et bouche (MMPB). Méthodes Nous avons estimé la taille, la durée et le retard du signalement des épidémies de MMPB à partir des cas notifiés entre le 1er mai 2008 et le 30 avril 2010 et entre le 1er mai 2010 et le 30 avril 2012, c'est-à-dire avant et après l'intégration de la MMPB dans le système automatisé d'alerte et d'action. La sensibilité, la spécificité et la rapidité de la détection des aberrations dans l'incidence des épidémies de MMPB ont été estimées en comparant les détections automatisé...

Резюме Цель Оценить эффективность автоматизированной системы оповещения и реагирования в Китае, используемой для обнаружения вспышек вирусной пузырчатк...

Objective To evaluate the performance of China’s infectious disease automated alert and response system in the detection of outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth (HFM) disease. Methods We estimated size, duration and delay in reporting HFM disease outbreaks from cases notified between 1 May 2008 and 30 April 2010 and between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2012, before and after automatic alert and response included HFM disease. Sensitivity, specificity and timeliness of detection of aberrations in the incidence of HFM disease outbreaks were estimated by comparing automated detections to observations of public health staff. Findings The alert and response system recorded 106 005 aberrations in the incidence of HFM disease between 1 May 2010 and 30 April 2012 – a mean of 5.6 aberrations per 100 days in each county that reported HFM disease. The response system had a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 95.0%. The mean delay between the reporting of the first case of an outbreak and detection of that outbreak by the response system was 2.1 days. Between the first and second study periods, the mean size of an HFM disease outbreak decreased from 19.4 to 15.8 cases and the mean interval between the onset and initial reporting of such an outbreak to the public health emergency reporting system decreased from 10.0 to 9.1 days. Conclusion The automated alert and response system shows good sensitivity in the detection of HFM disease outbreaks and appears to be relatively rapid. Continued use of this system should allow more effective prevention and limitation of such outbreaks in China.

ملخص الغرض تقييم أداء نظام الإنذار والاستجابة الآلي للأمراض المعدية في اكتشاف فاشيات مرض اليد والقدم والفم في الصين. الطريقة قمنا بتقدير الحجم والمدة وال...

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el rendimiento del sistema de alerta y respuesta automática a enfermedades infecciosas de China en la detección de brotes de la enfermedad boca-mano-pie (EBMP). Métodos Calculamos la magnitud, la duración y la demora en la notificación de brotes de la enfermedad BMP a partir de casos notificados entre el 1 de mayo de 2008 y el 30 de abril de 2010, y entre el 1 de mayo de 2010 y el 30 de abril 2012, antes y después de que el sistema de alerta y respuesta automáticas incluyera la enfermedad BMP. Se estimó la sensibilidad, especificidad y oportunidad de la detección de aberraciones en la incidencia de los brotes de enfermedad BMP mediante la comparación de las detecciones automáticas con las observaciones del personal de salud pública. Resultados El sistema de alerta y respuesta registró 106 005 aberraciones en la incidencia de la EBMP entre el 1 de mayo de 2010 y el 30 de abril de 2012 - una media de 5,6 aberraciones por cada 100 días en cada condado que notificó dicha enfermedad. El sistema de respuesta tuvo una sensibilidad del 92,7 % y una especificidad del 95,0 %. La demora media entre la notificación del primer caso de un brote y la detección de ese brote por el sistema de respuesta fue de 2,1 días. Entre el primer y el segundo período de estudio, las dimensiones medias de un brote de EBMP disminuyeron de 19,4 a 15,8 casos, y el intervalo medio entre el comienzo de un brote y el primer informe en el sistema de notificación de emergencia de salud pública se redujo de 10,0 a 9,1 días. Conclusión El sistema de alerta y respuesta automática muestra una buena sensibilidad en la detección de los brotes de EBMP y parece ser relativamente rápido. El uso continuado de este sistema debería permitir una prevención y limitación más eficaces de dichos brotes en China.