Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) materials are highly susceptible to microbial colonization, predisposing patients to oral infections. To address this concern, we loaded PMMA samples with montmorillonite clay (MMT), a crystalline nanoparticle, in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX) or metronidazole (MET) targeting improved antimicrobial action. PMMA samples were prepared with or without MMT loaded with either CHX or MET, establishing the following groups: control (acrylic resin without the addition of nanoparticles), MMT/CHX (acrylic resin with 5% by weight of MMT loaded with CHX), and MMT/MET (acrylic resin with 5% by weight of MMT loaded with MET). Mechanical properties such flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Knoop hardness were evaluated using a universal testing machine. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed via agar diffusion tests against Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The addition of MMT loaded with CHX did not affect the flexural strength and flexural modulus of PMMA compared to the control group (p > 0.05). However, MMT/MET reduced all mechanical properties of PMMA (p < 0.05). Both loaded-PMMA materials demonstrated antibacterial activity against E. faecalis but not against P. gingivalis. In conclusion, the incorporation of MMT/CHX into acrylic resin appears to be the most promising approach to combat microbial colonization while preserving PMMA mechanical properties. Future research should focus on optimizing material characteristics to enhance antimicrobial properties, paving the way for clinical applicability. Polymethyl Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA infections concern MMT, , (MMT) nanoparticle (CHX MET (MET action groups nanoparticles, nanoparticles nanoparticles) MMTCHX 5 CHX, CHX) MMTMET MET. . MET) machine gingivalis p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) However loadedPMMA E P conclusion applicability (MMT 00 0.0 0.

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a heterogeneous group of rare, chronic, progressive and systemic inherited disorders resulting from deficiency or lack of lysosomal enzymes responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Products of nitrosative stress have been previously detected in blood and urine samples of patients with MPS. However, it is unclear whether they are present in the saliva of MPS patients and also if they correlate with salivary parameters such as flow and pH. This study compared the salivary levels of NOX (NO2- + NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), protein (albumin), erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers, as well as the salivary flow rate and pH values of samples obtained from 10 MPS patients and 10 healthy subjects. MPS patients exhibited higher salivary levels of NOX and NO2- when compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Albumin was only detected in six saliva samples of MPS patients and, erythrocytes and leukocytes were detected in 60% and 40% of the MPS patients, respectively. In addition, salivary flow rate and pH averages were statistically lower in this group when compared to healthy samples (p < 0.05). Overall, the data indicates that the salivary levels of NO products can be used in combination with other heath indicators to monitor MPS disorders.

Abstract This study aimed to assess whether the reductions in serum urea and creatinine levels are different from the reductions in salivary urea and creatinine levels that occur after hemodialysis in chronic renal patients. The systematic review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. Eight databases were searched to identify pretest-posttest studies of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, with no language or year restrictions. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analyses using random-effect models were conducted to compare salivary and serum correlations and to pooled mean and proportion differences from pre- to posthemodialysis urea and creatinine levels by subgroup analysis. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity, and a meta-regression was performed to statistically assess correlations and differences in the pooled effects pre- and postdialysis. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence. The search resulted in 1404 records, and only six studies (n = 252 participants) fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included. The studies were published between 2013 and 2018. All studies showed a significant reduction in both salivary and serum urea/creatinine levels. All eligible studies presented a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis shows a moderate to high correlation between salivary and blood levels of urea (r: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.56-1.00) and creatinine (r: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.16–1.00), with a very low level of certainty. The reductions in salivary urea and creatinine levels are similar to and correlated with the reductions in blood urea and creatine levels after hemodialysis among chronic kidney disease patients.

Abstract In this Point-of-view article we highlighted some features related to saliva and virus infection, in special for zika virus. In addition, we pointed out the potential oral problems caused by a microcephaly originated by a zika virus infection. In the end the, we demonstrated the importance of a more comprehensive exploration of saliva and their components as a fluid for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches on oral and systemic diseases.

AbstractObjective To evaluate the effect of staining beverages (coffee, orange juice, and red wine) on the Vickers hardness and surface roughness of the base (BL) and enamel (EL) layers of improved artificial teeth (Vivodent and Trilux).Material and Methods Specimens (n=8) were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and then submitted to the tests. Afterwards, specimens were immersed in one of the staining solutions or distilled water (control) at 37°C, and the tests were also performed after 15 and 30 days of immersion. Data were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05).Results Vivodent teeth exhibited a continuous decrease (p<0.0005) in hardness of both layers for up to 30 days of immersion in all solutions. For Trilux teeth, similar results were found for the EL (p<0.004), and the BL showed a decrease in hardness after 15 days of immersion (p<0.01). At the end of 30 days, this reduction was not observed for coffee and water (p>0.15), but red wine and orange juice continuously reduced hardness values (p<0.0004). Red wine caused the most significant hardness changes, followed by orange juice, coffee, and water (p<0.006). No significant differences in roughness were observed for both layers of the teeth during the immersion period, despite the beverage (p>0.06).Conclusions Hardness of the two brands of acrylic teeth was reduced by all staining beverages, mainly for red wine. Roughness of both layers of the teeth was not affected by long-term immersion in the beverages.