RESUMOO presente trabalho avaliou os efeitos da administração de duas diferentes quantidades de melão sobre variáveis hemogasométricas, bioquímicas e hematológicas de ovinos não adaptados. Foram utilizados 12 ovinos canulados, pesando 25kg de peso vivo, que nunca receberam ração concentrada. Os animais receberam dieta à base de feno (2,3% do peso vivo) e água à vontade. Os ovinos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos e receberam 25% ou 75% da matéria seca (MS) da dieta de melão triturado (G25% e G75%, respectivamente) diretamente no rúmen. Foram realizadas coletas de sangue e determinação do pH ruminal nos seguintes tempos: zero, 3, 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas após oferecimento do melão. Foi realizada análise hemogasométrica, do volume globular, determinação da concentração plasmática de lactato-L, glicose e osmolaridade sérica. No G25%, o pH sanguíneo variou entre 7,40 e 7,31, enquanto o G75% apresentou pH entre 7,38 e 7,26. Maiores concentrações de glicose plasmática foram detectadas no G75% no T3, T6 e T12 (P<0,05). Os ovinos que receberam 25% de melão mantiveram parâmetros sanguíneos dentro da normalidade, ao passo que, no G75%, os ovinos apresentaram discreta acidose metabólica sistêmica e hiperglicemia. A suplementação com 25% de melão pode ser uma alternativa segura na alimentação de ovinos.

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the effects of two different amounts of melon on blood gas, biochemical and hematological variables of sheep not adapted. We used 12 cannulated sheep weighing 25 kg which never received concentrate. The animals received hay-based diet (2.3% of body weight) and water ad libitum. The sheep were randomly divided into two groups and received 25% or 75% of the dry matter (DM) of the diet of crushed melon (G25% and G75%, respectively) directly into the rumen. Blood collection and determination of ruminal pH were made at the following times: zero, three, six, 12, 18 and 24 hours after administration of the fruit. In whole blood was performed blood gas analysis and packed cell volume; in the plasma it was determined the concentrations of L-Lactate and glucose and in the serum the osmolarity. At G25% the blood pH ranged between 7.40 and 7.31, while G75% showed pH between 7.38 and 7.26. Higher concentrations of plasma glucose were detected in G75% after 3, 6 and 12 hours (P <0.05). Sheep receiving 25% of melon showed blood parameters within the normal range, while in the G75%, sheep had a mild systemic metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia.

Ehrliquiose canina e babesiose canina são as doenças parasitárias transmitidas por carrapatos de maior prevalência em cães do Brasil. Poucos estudos pesquisaram doenças transmitidas por carrapatos na região da Amazônia brasileira. Um total de 129 amostras de sangue foram colhidas de cães da Amazônia oriental brasileira. Setenta e dois cães eram de áreas rurais de 19 municípios do Estado do Pará, e 57 amostras foram colhidas de cães errantes vadios da área urbana do município de Santarém-PA. As amostras de soro foram submetidas ao ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, com antígenos deBabesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, e seis espécies de Rickettsia. A frequência de cães com anticorpos anti-B. canis vogeli, anti-E. canis, e anti-Rickettsia spp. foi de 42,6%, 16,2% e 31,7%, respectivamente. Anticorpos anti-B. canis vogeli foram detectados em 59,6% dos cães urbanos, e em 29,1% dos cães rurais (P < 0.05). Para E. canis, a soroprevalência foi parecida entre os cães urbanos (15,7%) e rurais (16,6%). Para Rickettsia spp., cães rurais apresentaram prevalência (P < 0.05) significativamente maior (40,3%) do que os cães urbanos (21,1%). Esse primeiro estudo sobre agentes transmitidos por carrapatos entre cães da Amazônia oriental brasileira indica que estes animais estão expostos a vários agentes. Estes incluem Babesia principalmente na área urbana, Riquétsias do grupo da Febre Maculosa principalmente nas áreas rurais, e Erliquia em cães de ambas as áreas, rural e urbana.

Canine ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in Brazilian dogs. Few studies have focused attention in surveying tick-borne diseases in the Brazilian Amazon region. A total of 129 blood samples were collected from dogs living in the Brazilian eastern Amazon. Seventy-two samples from dogs from rural areas of 19 municipalities and 57 samples from urban stray dogs from Santarém municipality were collected. Serum samples were submitted to Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with antigens ofBabesia canis vogeli, Ehrlichia canis, and six Rickettsia species. The frequency of dogs containing anti-B. canis vogeli, anti-E. canis, and anti-Rickettsia spp. antibodies was 42.6%, 16.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. Anti-B. canis vogeli antibodies were detected in 59.6% of the urban dogs, and in 29.1% of the rural dogs (P < 0.05). For E. canis, seroprevalence was similar among urban (15.7%) and rural (16.6%) dogs. ForRickettsia spp., rural dogs presented significantly higher (P < 0.05) prevalence (40.3%) than urban animals (21.1%). This first study on tick-borne pathogens in dogs from the Brazilian eastern Amazon indicates that dogs are exposed to several agents, such asBabesia organisms, mostly in the urban area; Spotted Fever group Rickettsia organisms, mostly in the rural area; andEhrlichia organisms, in dogs from both areas studied.

The spiders are one of the most important predators that produce the mortality of the plague insects. The spider community was sampled with nets, plant pocketed and pit fall traps on soybean crop and the wild vegetation on the borders (2h manual capture). The samples are done during the crop development (December to mid-May) and, in the fallow period (mid-May to November), in order to know spiders specific composition, to compare specific diversity through Shannon index, and, to analyze the colonization process. Total specific richness was 37 species grouped in 13 families, and the dominant species was Misumenops pallidus (Keyserling) (Thomisidae). The higher diversity was recorded in wild vegetation (H = 2.829, and 25 species), then the herbal stratum of crop showed the highest affinity (H = 2.140, and 28 species), lowest diversity was recorded during the fallow period (H = 1.050, and 12 species). The early species colonizing the crop (December) belong to the families Thomisidae, Anyphaenidae and Oxyopidae, after them Araneidae and Corinnidae were recorded, the late colonizing were the Salticidae species. Thomisidae species were always the most abundant, predominating from February to April. The lowest density of species of spiders was found on December in the border crop, but the distribution, from the border to the center crop, from January to March, did not show any gradient. The occurrence of several species belonging to different guild in all the plots suggests that the spiders are an important limiting effect on insect populations, as soon as the importance of the preservation of natural areas in techniques of biological control.

Las arañas son uno de los depredadores más numerosos y un importante factor de mortalidad de insectos plaga de cultivos. La comunidad de arañas se muestreó mediante embolsado de plantas, red de arrastre, trampas de caída y captura manual a lo largo de 2h, en cultivos de soja y en los bordes con vegetación natural. Los muestreos se realizaron durante el desarrollo del cultivo (Diciembre-mediados de Mayo) y el período de barbecho (mediados de Mayo-Noviembre), con el fin de conocer la composición específica, comparar la diversidad mediante el índice de Shannon, y analizar la colonización del cultivo. La riqueza específica total fue de 37 especies agrupadas en 13 familias y la dominante fue Misumenops pallidus (Keyserling) (Thomisidae). La mayor diversidad se detectó en la vegetación natural (H = 2,829 y 25 especies), luego en el estrato herbáceo del cultivo con el que mostró la mayor afinidad (H = 2,140 y 28 especies) y la menor diversidad se detectó durante el período de barbecho (H = 1,050, y 12 especies). Las primeras colonizadoras del cultivo (Diciembre) fueron Thomisidae, Anyphaenidae y Oxyopidae, luego Araneidae y Corinnidae y última Salticidae. Thomisidae fue siempre la más abundante con predominio desde Febrero a Abril. En Diciembre se encontró una muy baja densidad de arañas en el borde del cultivo, y desde Enero a Marzo la distribución del borde al centro no mostró gradiente alguno. La presencia de varias especies pertenecientes a diferentes gremios en todo el lote sugiere un importante efecto limitador de las arañas sobre las poblaciones de insectos, así como la importancia de las áreas naturales en técnicas de control biológico por conservación.