Abstract Introduction Due to its positive results on bone tissue, strontium also began to be used as an adjuvant in bone neoformation processes, mainly maxillofacial surgical procedures. Objective To assess if the non-radioactive strontium (Sr) supplementation enhances the osseointegration of titanium implants in rats. Material and method Seventy male rats (Rattus Norvegicus) were randomly divided into 5 groups, according to the systemic supplementation: Control - saline solution; SRAN50 - strontium ranelate (SRAN) 50mg/kg/day; SRAN625 - SRAN 625mg/kg/day; SCAR/SCHL30 - strontium carbonate and strontium chloride (SCAR/SCHL) 30mg/kg/day; SCAR/SCHL365 - SCAR/SCHL 365mg/kg/day. The drugs were administered via gavage, once a day, starting 15 days before surgery (1 titanium implant in each tibia), and persisted for 15 or 60 days. The right tibiae were used for biomechanical (removal torque) and immunohistochemical (Osteocalcin – OCN, and bone morphogenetic protein - BMP-2) evaluation. The left were used for microtomographic, and histomorphometric evaluation. Result Increased removal torque for SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365 were observed when compared with the Control, in 15 days. However, no differences were found in the 60-days period among the groups. Microtomographic evaluation showed larger bone volume at 60 days, compared to 15 days, for all groups but SCAR/SCHL30. When all groups were compared, no differences were seen in the 15-days period, while in the 60-days SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365 were statistically higher than the Control. In the immunohistochemical analysis, higher doses (SRAN625 and SCAR/SCHL365) led to an increase of BMP-2 in 15 days. Histomorphometric analysis revealed no differences among the groups regarding bone-to-implant-contact and bone area around the implant threads. Conclusion This study suggests that higher concentrations of systemic Sr lead to variably improved osseointegration-related parameters regarding the biomechanical and microtomographic evaluation. tissue processes procedures nonradioactive non radioactive (Sr Rattus Norvegicus solution SRAN5 (SRAN 50mg/kg/day 50mgkgday mgkgday 50mg kg day mg SRAN62 625mg/kg/day 625mgkgday 625mg SCARSCHL30 SCARSCHL SCAR SCHL30 SCHL SCAR/SCHL3 (SCAR/SCHL 30mg/kg/day 30mgkgday 30mg SCARSCHL365 SCHL365 SCAR/SCHL36 365mgkgday 365mg 365mg/kg/day gavage 1 ( tibia, tibia , tibia) 6 Osteocalcin OCN BMP2 BMP 2 However 60days 15days (SRAN62 BMP- bonetoimplantcontact contact threads osseointegrationrelated related SRAN6 SCARSCHL3 SCHL3 SCARSCHL36 SCHL36 (SRAN6

Resumo Introdução Devido a seus resultados positivos sobre o tecido ósseo o estrôncio passou a ser utilizado também como coadjuvante de processos de neoformação óssea, principalmente procedimentos cirúrgicos maxilo-faciais. Objetivo Avaliar se a suplementação de estrôncio (Sr) não radioativo melhora a osseointegração de implantes de titânio em ratos. Material e método Setenta ratos machos (Rattus Norvegicus) foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos, de acordo com a suplementação sistêmica: Controle - solução salina; SRAN50 - ranelato de estrôncio (SRAN) 50mg/kg/dia; SRAN625 - SRAN 625mg/kg/dia; SCAR/SCHL30 - carbonato de estrôncio e cloreto de estrôncio (SCAR/SCHL) 30mg/kg/dia; SCAR/SCHL365 - SCAR/SCHL 365mg/kg/dia. Os medicamentos foram administrados por gavagem, uma vez ao dia, iniciando 15 dias antes da cirurgia (1 implante de titânio em cada tíbia), e persistiram por 15 ou 60 dias. As tíbias direitas foram utilizadas para avaliação biomecânica (torque de remoção) e imuno-histoquímica (Osteocalcina – OCN e proteína morfogenética óssea - BMP-2). As esquerdas foram utilizadas para avaliação microtomográfica e histomorfométrica. Resultado Aumento do torque de remoção para SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365 foi observado quando comparado ao Controle, em 15 dias. Entretanto, não foram encontradas diferenças no período de 60 dias entre os grupos. A avaliação microtomográfica mostrou maior volume ósseo em 60 dias, comparado a 15 dias, para todos os grupos, exceto SCAR/SCHL30. Quando todos os grupos foram comparados, não foram observadas diferenças no período de 15 dias, enquanto no período de 60 dias SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365 foram estatisticamente maiores que o Controle. Na análise imuno-histoquímica, doses maiores (SRAN625 e SCAR/SCHL365) levaram a um aumento de BMP-2 em 15 dias. A análise histomorfométrica não revelou diferenças entre os grupos quanto ao contato osso-implante e área óssea ao redor das roscas do implante. Conclusão Este estudo sugere que concentrações mais altas de Sr sistêmico levam a parâmetros relacionados à osseointegração melhorados de forma variável quanto à avaliação biomecânica e microtomográfica. maxilofaciais. maxilofaciais maxilo faciais. faciais maxilo-faciais (Sr Rattus Norvegicus sistêmica salina SRAN5 (SRAN 50mg/kg/dia 50mgkgdia mgkgdia 50mg kg dia mg SRAN62 625mg/kg/dia 625mgkgdia 625mg SCARSCHL30 SCARSCHL SCAR SCHL30 SCHL SCAR/SCHL3 (SCAR/SCHL 30mg/kg/dia 30mgkgdia 30mg SCARSCHL365 SCHL365 SCAR/SCHL36 365mgkgdia 365mg 365mg/kg/dia gavagem 1 ( tíbia, tíbia , tíbia) 6 imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica Osteocalcina BMP2. BMP2 BMP 2 . BMP-2) Entretanto comparados imunohistoquímica, histoquímica, (SRAN62 BMP- ossoimplante osso SRAN6 SCARSCHL3 SCHL3 SCARSCHL36 SCHL36 (SRAN6

Abstract Introduction Grafted areas represent a region of lower biological quality than areas of native bone. Bioactive products can improve bone quality in grafted areas. Objective To evaluate the effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on repair of critical-size calvarial defects (CSDs) filled with osteoconductive bone substitutes Material and method One CCD (0.5 mm) was made in each of 84 rats. These defects were filled either with coagulum (COA), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), or tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (TCP/HA). ASU (0.6 g/kg) or saline solution (CTR) was administered daily by gavage from 15 days before surgery until the animals were euthanized (15 or 60 days after surgery) totaling 7 animals per period/group. The composition of the tissues that filled the CSDs were analyzed by histomorphometric evaluation, while the amount of mineralized tissue was evaluated by micro–CT. Result The bone filling in COA-ASU group was significantly higher than in the COA-CTR group (46.40 ±10.41% vs. 29.00 ± 8.81% at 15 days and 52.14 ± 6.12% vs. 42.71 ± 5.21% at 60 days) (p<0.05). There were no differences regarding the bone fill between the ASU and CTR groups in DBB and HA/TCP grafted CSDs. There were higher amount of mineralized tissues in the CSDs of the CTR groups than the ASU groups at 15 days (66.73 ± 6.70% vs. 52.25 ± 9.71% in DBB grafted CSDs and 53.16 ± 10.08% vs. 37.95 ± 4.70% in HA/TCP grafted CSDs) (p<0.05). Conclusion ASU enhanced the bone repair in the CSDs filled with COA; however, this positive effect was not seen in DBB or HA/TCP grafted CSDs. avocadosoybean avocado soybean (ASU criticalsize critical size (CSDs 0.5 05 0 5 (0. mm 8 rats COA, COA , (COA) DBB, (DBB) phosphatehydroxyapatite phosphate hydroxyapatite TCP/HA. TCPHA TCP/HA . TCP HA (TCP/HA) 0.6 06 6 g/kg gkg g kg (CTR 1 (1 periodgroup period period/group evaluation microCT micro CT micro–CT COAASU COACTR 46.40 4640 46 40 (46.4 1041 10 41 ±10.41 vs 2900 29 00 29.0 881 81 8.81 5214 52 14 52.1 612 12 6.12 4271 42 71 42.7 521 21 5.21 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 (p<0.05) HATCP 66.73 6673 66 73 (66.7 670 70 6.70 5225 25 52.2 971 9 9.71 5316 53 16 53.1 1008 08 10.08 3795 37 95 37.9 470 4 4.70 however 0. (0 (COA (DBB (TCP/HA ( 46.4 464 (46. 104 ±10.4 290 2 29. 88 8.8 52. 61 6.1 427 42. 5.2 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 66.7 667 (66. 67 6.7 522 97 9.7 531 53. 100 10.0 379 3 37. 47 4.7 46. (46 ±10. 8. 6. 5. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 66. (66 9. 10. 4. (4 ±10 p<0 (p<0. (6 ±1 p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Introdução Área enxertadas representam uma região de qualidade biológica inferior a áreas de osso nativo. Produtos bioativos podem melhorar a qualidade óssea em áreas enxertadas. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito do extrato de óleo insaponificável de abacate e soja (ASU) no reparo de defeitos críticos de calvaria (CSDs) preenchidos com substituto ósseo osteocondutor. Material e método Um defeito com 0,5 mm de diâmetro foi feito em cada um dos 84 ratos. Esses defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulo (COA), osso bovino desproteinizado (DBB) ou fosfato tricálcico/hidroxiapatita (HA/TCP). ASU (0,6 g/kg) ou solução salina (CTR) foi administrada diariamente por gavagem desde 15 dias antes da cirurgia até a eutanásia dos animais (15 ou 60 dias após a cirurgia) totalizando 7 animais por período/grupo. A composição dos tecidos que preencheram os DSCs foi analisada por avaliação histomorfométrica, enquanto que a quantidade de tecido mineralizado foi avaliada por micro-CT. Resultado O grupo preenchido por COA-ASU foi significativamente maior do que no grupo COA-CTR (46,40 ± 10,41% vs. 29,00 ± 8,81% aos 15 dias e 52,14 ± 6,12% vs. 42,71 ± 5,21% aos 60 dias) (p<0,05). Não houve diferenças quanto ao preenchimento ósseo entre os grupos ASU e CTR nos CSDs enxertados com DBB e HA/TCP. Houve maior quantidade de tecidos mineralizados nos CSDs dos grupos CTR do que nos grupos ASU aos 15 dias (66,73 ± 6,70% vs. 52,25 ± 9,71% nos CSDs enxertados com DBB e 53,16 ± 10,08% vs. 37,95 ± 4,70% nos CSDs enxertados com HA/TCP) (p<0,05). Conclusão ASU melhorou o reparo ósseo nos CSDs preenchidos com COA; no entanto, este efeito positivo não foi observado em CSDs enxertados com DBB ou HA/TCP. nativo (ASU (CSDs osteocondutor 05 0 5 0, 8 ratos COA, COA , (COA) (DBB tricálcicohidroxiapatita tricálcico hidroxiapatita HATCP HA/TCP . HA TCP (HA/TCP) 0,6 06 6 (0, g/kg gkg g kg (CTR 1 (1 períodogrupo período período/grupo histomorfométrica microCT. microCT micro CT. CT micro-CT COAASU COACTR 46,40 4640 46 40 (46,4 1041 10 41 10,41 vs 2900 29 00 29,0 881 81 8,81 5214 52 14 52,1 612 12 6,12 4271 42 71 42,7 521 21 5,21 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 (p<0,05) 66,73 6673 66 73 (66,7 670 70 6,70 5225 25 52,2 971 9 9,71 5316 53 16 53,1 1008 08 10,08 3795 37 95 37,9 470 4 4,70 entanto (COA (HA/TCP (0 ( 46,4 464 (46, 104 10,4 290 2 29, 88 8,8 52, 61 6,1 427 42, 5,2 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 66,7 667 (66, 67 6,7 522 97 9,7 531 53, 100 10,0 379 3 37, 47 4,7 46, (46 10, 8, 6, 5, p0 p<0, (p<0,0 66, (66 9, 4, (4 p<0 (p<0, (6 p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de nicotina na osseointegração de implantes com superfície modificada por jateamento de oxidos e ataque ácido instalados em tíbia de ratos. Foram utilizados 32 ratos que foram divididos em 2 grupos de acordo com a administração ou não de nicotina: HH - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais sadios; e HN - Instalação de implantes com superfícies superhidrofílicas em animais submetidos à administração de nicotina. Os animais foram eutanasiados 15 e 45 dias após a colocação do implante (n = 8). A osseointegração foi avaliada por meio de análises biomecânicas (torque de remoção), microtomografia (volume de osso ao redor dos implantes - %BV/TV) e histomorfometrica (contato osso-implante -%BIC e área óssea entre roscas do implante -%BBT). Os animais submetidos à administração de nicotina apresentaram menor torque de remoção do que os animais controle no período de 45 dias (21,88 ± 2,80 Ncm vs. 17,88 ± 2,10 Ncm). Os implantes colocados nos ratos controle apresentaram maiores %BIC (54,26 ± 6,59% vs. 39,25 ± 4,46%) e %BBT (50,57 ± 5,28% vs. 32,25 ± 5,24%) do que os implantes colocados nos animais submetidos a administração de nicotina no período de 15 dias. A administração de nicotina prejudicou a osseointegração no período de 15 dias. Entretanto, a superfície superhidrofílica equalizou a osseointegração em animais expostos à nicotina em comparação com animais saudáveis após 45 dias da colocação do implante. 3 sadios 1 4 n 8. 8 . 8) remoção, , remoção) volume %BV/TV BVTV BV TV contato ossoimplante BIC %BBT. BBT -%BBT) 21,88 2188 21 88 (21,8 280 80 2,8 vs 1788 17 17,8 210 10 2,1 Ncm. Ncm) 54,26 5426 54 26 (54,2 659 6 59 6,59 3925 39 25 39,2 4,46% 446 46 50,57 5057 50 57 (50,5 528 5 28 5,28 3225 32,2 5,24% 524 24 Entretanto -%BBT 21,8 218 (21, 2, 178 17, 54,2 542 (54, 65 6,5 392 39, 4,46 44 50,5 505 (50, 52 5,2 322 32, 5,24 21, (21 54, (54 6, 4,4 50, (50 5, (2 (5 4, (

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine administration on the osseointegration of a superhydrophilic implants surface on rat tibiae. Thirty-two rats were used and divided into 2 groups according to the administration or not of nicotine: HH - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in healthy animals; and HN - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in animals subjected to nicotine administration. The animals were euthanized 15 and 45 days after implant placement (n = 8). Osseointegration was assessed by means of biomechanical analyses (removal torque), microcomputed tomography (volume of bone around the implants- %BV/TV), and histomorphometry (bone-implant contact -%BIC and the bone area between implant threads -%BBT). The animals subject to the nicotine administration presented lower removal torque than the control animals at the 45-day period (21.88 ± 2.80 Ncm vs. 17.88 ± 2.10 Ncm). The implants placed in the control rats presented higher %BIC (54.26 ± 6.59% vs. 39.25 ± 4.46%) and %BBT (50.57 ± 5.28% vs. 32.25 ± 5.24%) than the implants placed in nicotine animals at 15-day period. The nicotine administration reduces the osseointegration at 15 days, however, the superhydrophilic surface equalized the osseointegration in nicotine-exposed animals compared with healthy animals after 45 days of implant placement. tibiae Thirtytwo Thirty two 1 4 n 8. 8 . 8) torque, , torque) volume %BV/TV, BVTV %BV/TV BV TV %BV/TV) boneimplant BIC %BBT. BBT -%BBT) 45day day 21.88 2188 21 88 (21.8 280 80 2.8 vs 1788 17 17.8 210 10 2.1 Ncm. Ncm) 54.26 5426 54 26 (54.2 659 6 59 6.59 3925 39 25 39.2 4.46% 446 46 50.57 5057 50 57 (50.5 528 5 28 5.28 3225 32 32.2 5.24% 524 24 15day however nicotineexposed exposed -%BBT 21.8 218 (21. 2. 178 17. 54.2 542 (54. 65 6.5 392 3 39. 4.46 44 50.5 505 (50. 52 5.2 322 32. 5.24 21. (21 54. (54 6. 4.4 50. (50 5. (2 (5 4. (

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with a red or infrared laser on the repair of post extraction sockets in rats administered alendronate (ALN). Forty male rats were randomly allocated into four groups: Control Group (CTR): subcutaneous administration of saline solution throughout the experimental period; Alendronate Group (ALN): subcutaneous administration of alendronate during the entire experimental period; Alendronate/Red Laser Group (ALN/RL): administration of ALN and irradiation with a GaAlAs laser (λ 660 nm); and Alendronate/Infrared Laser Group (ALN/IRL): administration of ALN and irradiation with a GaAlAs laser (λ 830 nm). The first lower molars were extracted 60 days after the beginning of the administration of the drugs. The PBMT was applied after tooth extraction (7 sessions with intervals of 48 hours between sessions). Thirty days after tooth extraction, the animals were euthanized. Micro-CT and histometric analysis were performed to assess the bone healing and soft tissue repair of the tooth socket. The ALN group presented with more bone than the CTR; however, most of this bone was necrotic. ALN does not affect the bone microarchitecture. On the other hand, PBMT with IRL enhances the bone density due to the increase in the number and reduction in the spacing of the trabeculae. The amount of vital bone and connective tissue matrix was higher in the ALN/RL and ALN/IRL groups than in the ALN and CTR groups. PBMT enhanced the healing of the post extraction sockets in rats subjected to ALN administration. Furthermore, IRL improved the new bone microarchitecture. (PBMT ALN. . (ALN) (CTR) period AlendronateRed Red ALNRL RL (ALN/RL) λ 66 nm nm) AlendronateInfrared Infrared ALNIRL (ALN/IRL) 83 nm. 6 drugs 7 ( 4 sessions. sessions) euthanized MicroCT Micro CT socket however necrotic microarchitecture hand trabeculae Furthermore (ALN (CTR (ALN/RL (ALN/IRL 8

Abstract Introduction Different methodologies were used for histological evaluation of osseointegration, leading to different results. Objective The objective is to compare different methodologies for histomorphometric analysis of the osseointegration of implants with different surfaces, installed in rat tibias. Material and method Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8) for implant installation. These groups were divided according to the type of implant that will be installed in the tibia: Hydrophilic Group (installation of an implant with a surface modified by oxide blasting and acid attack and maintained in a sodium chloride solution), Hydrophobic Group (installation of an implant with surface modified by oxide blasting and acid attack) and Machined Group (implant installation with machined surface). Within 45 days after the surgical procedures to install the implants, the animals were euthanized and the tibias were removed, and histological processing was carried out for non-decalcified samples. After obtaining the slides, histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percentages of bone-implant contact (%BIC) and the bone area between the turns (%BBT). Measurements were carried out in two different regions: 1) the implant threads in the cortical bone region and 2) all implant threads inserted into the bone (cortical and medullary). Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test for inferential data analysis. Result The BIC and BBT were analyzed independently in the cortical and trabecular/total regions, a difference was observed in the histological behavior of the implants according to the surface treatment. HFL implants showed trabecular BIC (%) 16.85% higher (p=0.02) than HFB implants and 26.12% higher (p≤0.0001) than machined implants. However, the cortical region of all groups showed significantly higher cortical BIC values around the implants, regardless of the surface. Conclusion the results obtained demonstrated that peri-implant bone formation was superior in analyzes carried out only on cortical bone, compared to the values obtained in the total measurement (cortical bone plus medullary bone). It was also possible to observe that, even within the same surface, the BIC(%) values were higher in cortical bone. Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that different methodologies for histometric analysis of osseointegration around different surfaces of implants installed in rat tibias can interfere with the results of osseointegration regardless of the surface analyzed.

Resumo Introdução Diferentes metodologias tem sido utilizadas para avaliação histológica da osseointegração, levando a diferentes resultados. Objetivo O objetivo é comparar diferentes metodologias de análise histomorfométrica da osseointegração de implantes com diferentes superfícies, instalados em tíbias de ratos. Material e método 24 ratos foram aleatoriamente divididos em 3 grupos (n = 8) para a instalação dos implantes. Esses grupos foram divididos de acordo com o tipo de implante instalado na tíbia: Grupo Hidrofílico - HFL (instalação de implante com superfície modificada por jateamento de óxidos e ataque ácido e mantida em solução de cloreto de sódio), Grupo Hidrofóbico - HFB (instalação de implante com superfície modificada por jateamento de óxidos e ataque ácido) e Grupo Usinado - U (instalação de implante com superfície usinada). No período de 45 dias após os procedimentos cirúrgicos de instalação dos implantes, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, e as tíbias foram removidas, sendo realizado o processamento histológico para amostras não descalcificadas. Após a obtenção das lâminas, foi realizada a análise histomorfométrica para avaliar as porcentagens de contato osso-implante (% BIC) e da área óssea entre as espiras (% BBT). As mensurações foram realizadas em duas diferentes regiões: 1) as roscas do implante na região do osso cortical e 2) todas as roscas do implante inseridas no osso (cortical e medular). A análise estatística foi feita por meio de ANOVA One-Way, seguida pelo teste de Tukey para análise inferencial dos dados. Resultado Quando o BIC e o BBT foram analisados de forma independente nas regiões cortical e trabecular/total, observou-se uma diferença no comportamento histológico dos implantes de acordo com o tratamento de superfície. Os implantes HFL apresentaram BIC (%) trabecular 16,85% maior (p = 0,02) do que os implantes HFB e 26,12% maior (p ≤ 0,0001) do que os implantes usinados. Contudo, a região cortical de todos os grupos apresentou valores de BIC cortical significativamente maiores ao redor dos implantes, independentemente da superfície. Conclusão Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a formação óssea peri-implantar foi superior nas análises realizadas apenas em osso cortical, se comparados aos valores obtidos na mensuração total (osso cortical somado ao medular). Também foi possível observar que, dentro da mesma superfície, os valores de BIC (%) foram superiores em osso cortical. Em relação às limitações do estudo, pode-se concluir que diferentes metodologias de análise histométrica da osseointegração ao redor de diferentes superfícies de implantes instalados em tíbias de ratos podem interferir nos resultados de osseointegração, independentemente da superfície analisada.

Resumo O objetivo deste foi o de avaliar o efeito de uma superfície modificada por jateamento e ataque ácido e mantida em solução isotônica em comparação a uma superfície lisa sobre a osseointegração de implantes em animais hiperglicêmicos. No estudo foram utilizados 64 ratos, que foram divididos em 4 grupos com 16 animais em cada, e que foram avaliados em dois períodos experimentais (15 e 45 dias), com 8 animais em cada grupo. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com o tipo de implante que foi instalado na tíbia dos animais e a condição sistêmica dos mesmos: Grupo CM - Implantes maquinados instalados em animais saudáveis; Grupo CH - Implantes maquinados instalados em animais com hiperglicemia; Grupo HM - Implantes hidrofílicos instalados em animais saudáveis, Grupo HH- Implantes hidrofílicos instalados em animais com hiperglicemia. Foram realizadas análises: biomecânicas (contra torque de remoção dos implantes), histométricas (avaliação do contato do osso com os implantes e da área de formação óssea entre as roscas) e microtomográfica (avaliação da área óssea ao redor dos implantes). Foi verificado que os implantes com superfície hidrofílica apresentaram maiores torques de remoção, quantidade de osso ao redor dos implantes e maiores valores de %BIC e %BBT em animais normo e hiperglicêmicos. Conclui-se que a superfície hidrofílica acelera o processo de osseointegração (~15% de %BIC/%BBT aos 15 dias), especialmente em animais com hiperglicêmicos. A superfície hidrofílica igualou a osseointegração entre animais normo- e hiperglicêmicos, revertendo o potencial negativo da hiperglicemia no processo de osseointegração.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a surface modified by blasting and acid attack and maintained in an isotonic solution compared to a machined surface on osseointegration in normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. Sixty-four animals were allocated into 4 groups with 16 animals each, and they were subdivided into two experimental periods (15 and 45 days), with 8 animals in each group. The groups were divided according to the type of implant that was installed in the animals' tibia and the animals’ systemic condition: CM - Machined implants placed in Healthy animals; CH - Hydrophilic implants placed in Healthy animals, HM - Machined implants placed in animals with hyperglycaemia; HH- Hydrophilic implants installed in animals with hyperglycaemia. The following analyses were performed: biomechanical (removal torque), microtomographic (evaluation of the bone volume around the implants- BV/TV), and histomorphometric (evaluation of bone-implant contact BIC% and of the bone formation area between the threads BBT%). It was found that the implants with hydrophilic surfaces presented higher removal torques and quantities of BV/TV% and higher BIC% and BBT% values in normo- and hyperglycaemic animals. The results of this study indicated that the hydrophilic surface accelerates the osseointegration process (~ 15% BIC/BBT at 15-day period), especially in animals with hyperglycaemia. The hydrophilic surface equaled the osseointegration between normo- and hyperglycaemic animals, reversing the negative potential of hyperglycaemia on the osseointegration process.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a osseointegração em áreas enxertadas com osso bovino desproteinizado (DBB) e cerâmica bifásica à base de hidroxiapatita e beta-fosfato tricálcico (HA / TCP) em tíbias de ratos. Defeitos ósseos não críticos foram feitos nas tíbias de 28 ratos que foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos: DBB: defeitos preenchidos com DBB e HA / TCP: defeitos preenchidos com HA / TCP. Defeitos ósseos foram confeccionados nas tíbias bilateralmente e preenchidos com biomateriais. Após 60 dias, os implantes foram instalados e os animais sacrificados 15 e 45 dias após a instalação dos implantes. A osseointegração foi avaliada por análises biomecânica, microtomográfica e histométrica. Os implantes instalados nos defeitos preenchidos com DBB apresentaram maiores forças de torque de remoção (2,33 ± 0,51 Ncm vs. 1,50 ± 0,54 Ncm) e volume de tecido mineralizado ao redor dos implantes aos 15 dias (34,96 ± 3,68% vs. 25,61 ± 2,95%) e maior contato osso-implante (20,87 ± 8,28% vs. 11,52 ± 7,42%) e área de osso dentro das roscas do implante (26,83 ± 12,35% vs. 11,98 ± 7,56%) no período de 45 dias em comparação com os implantes em áreas enxertadas com HA / TCP. Implantes instalados em áreas enxertadas com DBB apresentaram melhor padrão de osseointegração do que implantes colocados em áreas enxertadas com HA / TCP.

Abstract This study evaluated osseointegration in areas grafted with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and biphasic ceramic based on hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) in rat tibias. Noncritical bone defects were made in the tibias of 28 rats that were randomly assigned to 2 groups: DBB: DBB-filled defects and HA/TCP: HA/TCP-filled defects. Bone defects were made in the tibias bilaterally and filled with biomaterials. After 60 days, the implants were inserted, and the animals were euthanized 15 and 45 days after the implants were installed. Osseointegration was evaluated by biomechanical, microtomographic and histometric analysis. Implants installed in the defects filled with DBB presented higher removal torque forces (2.33 ± 0.51 Ncm vs. 1.50 ± 0.54 Ncm) and mineralized tissue volume around implants at 15 days (34.96 ± 3.68 % vs. 25.61 ± 2.95 %) and greater bone-implant contact (20.87 ± 8.28 % vs. 11.52 ± 7.42 %) and bone area within implant threads (26.83 ± 12.35 % vs. 11.98 ± 7.56 %) at 45 days compared to the measurements of implants in areas grafted with HA/TCP. Implants installed in defects in areas grafted with DBB had a better osseointegration pattern than implants placed in defects in areas grafted with HA/TCP.

Resumo Introdução o desafio no uso do Micro-Ct tem sido estabelecer e padronizar padrões adequados para escaneamento e tratamento das imagens, para que se obtenha o máximo desempenho do equipamento, e permitir a comparação dos achados entre diferentes estudos. Objetivo o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a porcentagem de volume ósseo em regiões com perda óssea periodontal utilizando diferentes metodologias para definição da área a ser analisada (ROI). Material e método dez ratos foram submetidos à indução de doença periodontal, e, após a eutanásia, as mandíbulas foram escaneadas com cortes de 9 μ e 18 μm de espessura, com passo de rotação de 0.3mm. As imagens foram reconstituídas utilizando o software NRecon, e em seguida, utilizando o software CTAnalyser – CTAn, foram definidas as áreas de interesse (ROI) ao redor dos segundos molares. A primeira área de interesse (ROI1) foi definida em um padrão retangular que se restringiu às regiões interproximais e furca, onde a área total de tecido ósseo foi obtida somando os resultados dos 3 ROIs. A segunda área (ROI2) foi definida no sentido corono/apical ao redor do segundo molar até suas limitações proximais com os dentes vizinhos, onde a porcentagem de tecido ósseo pertencente às raízes foram excluídas das avaliações. As análises foram realizadas com cinco diferentes valores de thresholds (130-50, 130-60, 130-70, 130-80, 130-90 e 130-100). Resultado a análise entre os diferentes ROIs demonstrou que em ambas as análises foi observada a tendência a menor porcentagem de tecido ósseo quanto maior o contraste de tons de cinza utilizado, no entanto, nos resultados obtidos no ROI2 essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão com os resultados obtidos pode se concluir que a utilização de diferentes thresholds para quantificação óssea, em áreas onde houve doença periodontal, pode trazer resultados divergentes; a definição da área de interesse interfere com os resultados obtidos e que a obtenção de uma área de interesse com a remoção das raízes mostrou-se menos susceptível à variação dos parâmetros de escaneamento.

Abstract Introduction the challenge in the use of Micro-Ct has been to establish and standardize adequate standards for scanning and image processing to obtain the maximum performance of the equipment and to allow the comparison of findings between different studies. Objective this study aims to compare the percentage of bone volume in regions with periodontal bone loss using different methodologies to define the area to be analysed (ROI). Material and method ten rats were submitted to periodontal disease induction, and, after euthanasia, the mandibles were scanned with slices of 9μ and 18μm thickness, with a rotation step of 0.3mm. The images were reconstructed using the NRecon software, and then, using the CTAnalyser - CTAn software, the areas of interest (ROI) around the second molars were defined. The first area of interest (ROI1) was defined in a rectangular pattern that was restricted to the interproximal and furcation regions, where the total area of bone tissue was obtained by adding the results of the 3 ROIs. The second area (ROI2) was defined in the coronal/apical direction around the second molar to its proximal limitations with the neighboring teeth, in which the percentage of bone tissue belonging to the roots was excluded from the evaluations. Analyses were performed with five different threshold values (130-50, 130-60, 130-70, 130-80, 130-90, and 130-100). Result the analysis between the different ROIs showed that, in both analyses, there was a tendency towards a lower percentage of bone tissue the greater the grayscale contrast used. However, in the results obtained in ROI2, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion with the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of different thresholds for bone quantification, in areas where there was a periodontal disease, can bring divergent results; the definition of the area of interest interferes with the results obtained; and that obtaining an area of interest with the removal of the roots, proved to be less susceptible to the variation of the scanning parameters.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of different protocols of low-level intensity laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on the osseointegration of implants placed in grafted areas. Methodology 84 rats were randomly allocated into six groups: DBB: defect filled with deproteinized bovine bone; HA/TCP: defect filled with biphasic ceramic of hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate ; DBB-LI: defect filled with DBB and treated with LLLT after implant placement; HA/TCP-LI: defect filled with HA/TCP and treated with LLLT after implant placement; DBB-LIB: defect filled with DBB and treated with LLLT after graft procedure and implant placement; and HA/TCP-LIB: defect filled HA/TCP and treated with LLLT after graft procedure and implant placement. The bone defects were made in the tibia and they were grafted. After 60 days, the implants were placed. The rats were subsequently subjected to euthanasia 15 and 45 days after implant placement. The pattern of osseointegration and bone repair in the grafted area was evaluated by biomechanical, microtomographic, and histometric analyses. Furthermore, the expression of bone biomarker proteins was assessed. Results The LLLT groups presented higher removal torque, mineralized tissue volume, and a greater degree of osseointegration, especially when LLLT was performed only after implant placement, and these findings were associated with higher expression of BMP2 and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusion LLLT performed on implants placed in grafted areas enhances the osseointegration process.

Abstract There are several studies that evaluate the use of lasers in periodontal treatment in non-surgical or surgical therapy. However, while several studies showed clinically beneficial effects of some lasers in periodontal treatment, there are few clinical reports of additional advantages of lasers as adjunctive treatments in periodontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate and critically analyze the level of scientific evidence of effects of low-level lasers and high-power lasers in periodontology. A narrative review of the studies was carried out in each topic and type of laser or periodontal treatment. In nonsurgical periodontal therapy the results showed that there is an additional clinical benefit when using a diode laser (DL) associated with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. The Er:YAG laser seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy and promotes the same clinical effects as conventional therapy. In periodontal surgery vaporization of the gingival or mucosal tissue can be carried out with DL, CO2, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Photobiomodulation (PBM), mediated by low-level lasers associated with non-surgical periodontal therapy, promotes additional benefits in the short term and accelerates the bone and gingival tissue repair process and also reduces postoperative symptoms of periodontal surgery. The effect of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy is relevant in the initial reevaluation periods. Studies have shown controversial results of the use of lasers in periodontics, and this fact may be due to the lack of standard parameters of irradiation in each clinical application.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cyclosporine administration on the repair of critical-sized calvaria defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria filled with diverse biomaterials. Sixty animals were divided into two groups: the control (CTR) group (saline solution) and the cyclosporine (CCP) group (cyclosporine, 10 mg/kg/day). These medications were administered daily by gavage, beginning 15 days before the surgical procedure and lasting until the day the animals were euthanized. A CSD (5 mm Ø) was made in the calvaria of each animal, which was allocated to one of 3 subgroups, according to the biomaterial used to fill the defect: coagulum (COA), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), or biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics of hydroxyapatite and β-phosphate tricalcium (HA/TCP). Euthanasia of the animals was performed 15 and 60 days after the surgical procedure (n = 5 animals/period/subgroup). Bone repair (formation) assessment was performed through microtomography and histometry, while the analyses of the expression of the BMP2, Osteocalcin, and TGFβ1 proteins were performed using immunohistochemistry. The CSDs not filled with biomaterials demonstrated lower bone formation in the CCP group. At 15 days, less bone formation was observed in the CSDs filled with DBB, a smaller volume of mineralized tissue was observed in the CSDs filled with HA/TCP, and the expression levels of BMP2 and osteocalcin were lower in the CCP group compared to the CTR group. The use of cyclosporine impaired bone repair in CSD, and this effect can be partially explained by the suppression of BMP2 and osteocalcin expression.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on periodontal repair in rats with induced periodontitis and arthritis. Methodology: Forty-five rats were submitted to periodontitis induction by insertion of ligatures into the upper second molars, maintained for 15 days. These animals were randomly allocated to 3 groups according to the presence of induced arthritis (ART) and the application of the ASU: Control (CTR) group-healthy animals, where saline solution was administered; ART-animals with induced arthritis, where saline solution was administered; ART/ASU-animals with induced arthritis, where ASU (0.6 mg/ kg) was administered. The drugs were administered daily by gavage and the animals were euthanized after 7, 15 and 30 days of the ligature removal. Bone resorption, inflammatory infiltrate composition and marker proteins expression of the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts (RANKL and TRAP) were assessed. Results: The ART/ASU group presented higher bone volume than the ART group at 7 and 30 days after the ligature removal. Furthermore, the ART group presented higher quantity of inflammatory cells and expression of TRAP and RANKL than the other groups. Conclusion: ASU administration improves the repair of periodontal tissues in an experimental periodontitis model in rats with induced arthritis.

Resumo Introdução A utilização de substitutos ósseos em procedimentos de enxertia de forma alternativa ao uso do osso autógeno tem sido indicada, entretanto a comparação direta entre esses biomateriais tem sido pouco explorada. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de diferentes biomateriais osteocondutores sobre o reparo de defeitos críticos em calvárias (DCC) de ratos. Material e método Foram utilizados 40 ratos que foram submetidos a confecção de um DCC com 8 mm de diâmetro. Os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos em 5 grupos com 8 animais, de acordo com o tipo de biomaterial utilizado para preencher os DCC: Grupo COA (coágulo); Grupo AUT (osso autógeno); Grupo OBD (osso bovino desproteinizado); Grupo HA/ TCP (cerâmica bifásica composta de hidroxiapatita e β fosfato tricálcio); Grupo TCP (β fosfato tricálcio). Foram executadas análise microtomográfica para avaliação do comprimento linear remanescente (DLL) do DCC e o volume dos tecidos mineralizados (MT) dentro do DCC nos períodos de 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias após cirurgia. Adicionalmente, foi executado análise histométrica para avaliar a composição do tecido ósseo reparado (% Osso e % Biomaterial) no período de 30 dias. Resultado O grupo COA apresentou o menor DLL e MT dentro do DCC e maior % osso do que os outros grupos. O grupo OBD apresentou maior volume de tecidos mineralizados e maior % biomaterial do que o grupo os grupos AUT e TCP. Os grupos OBD e AUT apresentaram maior % osso que o grupo TCP. Conclusão O OBD promoveu melhor padrão de aumento de disponibilidade óssea e qualidade do osso reparado em comparação ao TCP e HA/TCP, porém biologicamente inferior ao grupo AUT.

Abstract Introduction The use of bone substitutes in grafting procedures as an alternative of the use of autogenous bone graft has been indicated, however, the direct comparison between these biomaterials has been little explored. Objective To evaluate the effect of different osteoconductive bone substitutes on the bone repair in critical-sized defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. Material and method One CSD with an 8 mm diameter was made in each of the 40 rats used in this study. The animals were randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=8), according to the type of bone substitute used to fill the CSD: COA (Coagulum); AUT (autogenous bone); DBB (deproteinized bovine bone graft); HA/TCP (biphasic ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite and β-phosphate tricalcium); and TCP (β-phosphate tricalcium). A microtomographic analysis was performed to evaluate the remaining defect linear length (DLL) of the CSD and the volume of the mineralized tissues (MT) within the CSD at 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after the surgical procedure. In addition, a histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of the repaired bone tissue (% Bone and % Biomaterial) at the 30-day period. Result It was shown that the COA had the lowest DLL and MT within the CSD. In addition, the COA presented the highest % of bone in CSD. The DBB had a higher MT and a higher % of bone substitute particles in the CSD than the AUT and TCP groups. The DBB and AUT groups presented higher % of bone in the CSD than the TCP group. Conclusion The use of the DBB promoted a better pattern of bone volume gain and formation compared to TCP and HA / TCP but was biologically inferior to the AUT.

Resumo Introdução A quantidade e qualidade óssea na implantodontia é um fator de alta relevância quando se tem por objetivo instalar implantes e reabilitar pacientes. No entanto, essa disponibilidade é comprometida na maioria dos casos, havendo a necessidade da busca de novos biomateriais, membranas e substâncias para uma regeneração mais favorável. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta da neoformação óssea em defeitos críticos em calvárias de ratos utilizando scaffolds de fibras de blenda polimérica a partir de poli (ácido láctico-co-glicólico) e poli-isopreno (Cellprene®). O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Experimentação Animal. Material e método Neste estudo, foram utilizados 36 ratos (Rattus Norvegicus), variação albinus, Holtzman, adultos. Os animais foram submetidos à tricotomia na região da calota craniana e à confecção de defeitos ósseos circulares bilaterais com 5 mm de diâmetro. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos: GC – defeito sem colocação de biomaterial; GCol – scaffolds de colágeno (Bio-Gide, da empresa Geistlich Pharma Ag – Biomaterials); GPoli – scaffolds de fibras de blenda polimérica a partir de poli (ácido láctico-co-glicólico - Cellprene®). Cada grupo foi avaliado em quatro períodos experimentais (7, 15, 30 e 60 dias). Após esses períodos, os animais foram sacrificados, e as peças passaram por tramitação laboratorial de rotina e inclusão em parafina. Foram obtidos cortes semisseriados e corados pela técnica de hematoxilina e eosina para análise histométrica e histológica. Foi executada análise histométrica para avaliar a composição do tecido ósseo reparado (% osso). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de significância de 95%. Resultado Foi verificado que o GCol apresentou maior preenchimento do defeito nos períodos de 30 e 60 dias em comparação aos GC e GPoli. Conclusão Os scaffolds de fibras de blenda polimérica a partir de poli (ácido láctico-co-glicólico) e poli-isopreno (Cellprene®) não apresentaram vantagens quando utilizados em defeitos críticos.

Abstract Introduction The bone quantity and quality in implant dentistry is a highly relevant factor when it aims the use of implants and rehabilitation in patients. However, this availability is compromised in most cases, with the need to research new biomaterials, membranes and substances for more favorable regeneration. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of bone neoformation in critical defects in rat calvaries using polymeric blend fiber scaffolds from Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) and Polyisoprene (Cellprene®). The project was approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee. Material and method In this study 36 rats (Rattus Norvegicus), variation albinus, Holtzman, adults were used. The animals had trichotomy in the region of the skull and the confection of bilateral circular bone defects with a diameter of 5 mm. The animals were divided into 3 groups: Group GC - defect without biomaterial placement, Group GCol - collagen scaffolds (Bio-Gide, from Geistlich Pharma Ag - Biomaterials), Group GPoli - polymeric blend fiber scaffolds from Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Polyisoprene. Each group was evaluated in 4 experimental periods (7, 15, 30 and 60 days). After these periods the animals were sacrificed and the pieces underwent routine laboratory procedures and paraffin embedding. Semi-serial sections were obtained and stained by hematoxylin and eosin technique for histometric and histological analysis. Histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of repaired bone tissue (% Bone). The data obtained were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 95%. Result It was found that the GCol group presented greater defect filling in the 30 and 60 days periods compared to the GC and GPoli groups. Conclusion Polymer blend fiber scaffolds from Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) and Polyisoprene (Cellprene®) did not have advantages when used in critical defects.