Abstract Storage is important in the coffee post-harvest. Determining the maximum period that coffee can remain storaged is important aiming to reduce losses in quality and, consequently, allow the producer to achieve maximum profitability. The aim was to determine the suitable storage period for natural and fully washed coffees, under different conditions. Beans were dried to 11% moisture content after dry processing (natural coffee, dry cherry coffee) and wet processing (parchment coffee, fully washed). Before storage, part of the coffee was hulled and part was not. The coffee was stored under refrigerated air (10ºC and 50% relative humidity) or in an environment at 25ºC. In the periods of 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, samples were taken for sensory, electrical conductivity and tetrazolium evaluation. Refrigerated environment favors conservation of sensory and physiological quality of the natural hulled coffee beans and fully washed coffee. Hulled beans of natural and fully washed coffee stored under refrigerated conditions have the initial quality conserved for up to 12 months and in non-controlled environmental, for up to 3 months. Mechanical damage caused by hulling, associated with the lack of tissue fruit parts, contributes to reduction hulled coffee quality in storage, regardless of the processing. postharvest. postharvest post harvest. harvest post-harvest consequently profitability coffees 11 parchment washed. . washed) not 10ºC ºC 50 humidity 25ºC 0 6 1 evaluation noncontrolled non controlled environmental hulling parts 5

Resumo Fundamento: A prevalência de hipercolesterolemia no Brasil não é conhecida para todo o país, havendo somente inquéritos em algumas cidades. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de diagnóstico médico de colesterol alto autorreferido na população adulta brasileira, utilizando-se dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. Métodos: Estudo descritivo que avaliou os dados da PNS de 2013, um inquérito epidemiológico de base domiciliar, representativo para o Brasil, com informações autorreferidas. A amostra compreendeu 60.202 indivíduos entrevistados com autorrelato de diagnóstico médico de colesterol. Calculou-se a prevalência de ponto e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) para diagnóstico médico de colesterol/triglicerídeos alto(s) por sexo, idade, cor da pele, região geográfica, escolaridade. Foram calculadas as razões de chance ajustadas. Resultados: Dos 60.202 participantes adultos, 14,3% (IC95%=13,7-14,8) nunca tiveram colesterol ou triglicerídeos dosados, sendo que um maior número de mulheres, idosos, indivíduos com instrução superior completa e de raça branca relatou aferição há menos de um ano. A prevalência de diagnóstico médico de colesterol alto foi de 12,5%, maior nas mulheres (15,1%) do que nos homens (9,7%). A frequência de diagnóstico médico de colesterol alto foi maior naqueles com idade até 59 anos, em brancos ou aqueles de origem asiática, em pessoas com maior escolaridade e entre os moradores das macrorregiões Sul e Sudeste do país. Conclusão: A importância do conhecimento da dislipidemia no atual contexto epidemiológico brasileiro deve ser ressaltada para orientar as ações de prevenção das doenças coronarianas, que representam a primeira causa de óbito no Brasil e no mundo.

Abstract Background: Data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Brazil are scarce, with surveys available only for some towns. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of the self-reported medical diagnosis of high cholesterol in the Brazilian adult population by use of the 2013 National Health Survey data. Methods: Descriptive study assessing the 2013 National Health Survey data, a household-based epidemiological survey with a nationally representative sample and self-reported information. The sample consisted of 60,202 individuals who reported a medical diagnosis of dyslipidemia. The point prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for the medical diagnosis of high cholesterol/triglyceride by gender, age, race/ethnicity, geographic region and educational level were calculated. Adjusted odds ratio was calculated. Results: Of the 60,202 participants, 14.3% (95%CI=13.7-14.8) never had their cholesterol or triglyceride levels tested, but a higher frequency of women, white individuals, elderly and those with higher educational level had their cholesterol levels tested within the last year. The prevalence of the medical diagnosis of high cholesterol was 12.5% (9.7% in men and 15.1% in women), and women had 60% higher probability of a diagnosis of high cholesterol than men. The frequency of the medical diagnosis of high cholesterol increased up to the age of 59 years, being higher in white individuals or those of Asian heritage, in those with higher educational level and in residents of the Southern and Southeastern regions. Conclusion: The importance of dyslipidemia awareness in the present Brazilian epidemiological context must be emphasized to guide actions to control and prevent coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide.

RESUMO Objetivou-se utilizar a metodologia de resposta simultânea aplicada a um delineamento experimental para determinar a melhor combinação de tempo e das condições de armazenamento para a conservação de grãos de café. Frutos de Coffea arabica L. foram colhidos no estádio de maturação cereja, processados por via úmida ou por via seca e secados até atingir 11% de teor de água. Parte dos grãos foi beneficiada e parte não foi beneficiada antes de ser armazenada em duas condições de ambiente: em ar refrigerado a 10 ºC e umidade relativa de 50% e em 25 ºC sem controle da umidade relativa do ar. Nos períodos de 3, 6 e 12 meses, foram retiradas amostras para avaliação da qualidade. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica de otimização de resposta simultânea para cada processamento e beneficiamento separadamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (duas condições de armazenamento e três períodos de armazenamento). Conclui-se que a utilização da metodologia de resposta simultânea é viável para ser aplicada para determinação das condições ideais de armazenamento em condição refrigerada.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to use methodology of simultaneous optimization of multiple responses applied to an experimental design to determine the best combination of storage period and conditions for preservation of coffee beans. Coffea arabica L. fruits were harvested in the ripe stage of maturation, processed using wet and dry methods, and dried to 11% (wet basis) moisture content. Part of the beans was hulled, while the other part was hulled only after the beans were stored under two different environmental conditions: cooled air at 10 ºC with 50% relative humidity; and at 25 ºC without controlling the relative humidity. Samples were taken at 3, 6, and 12 months intervals in order to evaluate quality. The data were submitted to the simultaneous optimization of responses for each processing and hulling condition separately, in a completely randomized design and 2 x 3 factorial scheme (two storage conditions and three storage periods). In conclusion, the use of the simultaneous optimization of responses is viable to be applied for determining the ideal storage conditions in a refrigerated condition.

In this second part it will be discussed some photonic applications of glassy and glass ceramic thin films which can be used as planar waveguides. Some photonic applications require certain specifications of glass, which can be quantified by studying the nonlinear optical properties of the materials. Therefore, a brief introduction of these phenomena is discussed, as well as the use of femtosecond lasers to manipulate the composition or for the preparation of waveguides into glasses. Finally, the article will address a brief introduction on microstructured optical fibers and commercial application prospects for these devices.

2015 is the Year of Light, according to UNESCO. Chemistry has a close relationship with light and one of the materials that allows such synergy is glass. Depending on the chemical composition of the glass, it is possible to achieve technological applications for the whole range of wavelengths extending from the region of the microwave to gamma rays. This diversity of applications opens a large range of research where chemistry, as a central science, overlaps the fields of physics, engineering, medicine, etc., generating a huge amount of knowledge and technological products used for humanity. This review article aimed at discussing some families of glasses, illustrating some applications. Due to the extension of the theme, and all points raised, we thought it would be good to divide the article into two parts. In the first part we focus on the properties of heavy metal oxide glasses, fluoride glasses and chalcogenide glasses. In the second part we emphasize the properties of glassy thin films prepared by sol-gel methodology and some applications, of both glasses as the films in photonics, and more attention was given to the nonlinear properties and uses of photonic fibers.