ABSTRACT: This work is the first record of Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on soybeans in Brazil. Morphological and molecular characterizations are provided, in addition to verification of the presence of E. inaron in areas infested by whiteflies, indicating that the wasp can potentially be used in integrated management programs. Additionally to morphological verification, the molecular analysis allowed the identification of some degree of genetic variability in the genome of the parasitoid.

RESUMEN: Este es el primer registro de Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitando Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en soja en Brasil. Se proporcionan caracterizaciones morfológicas y moleculares, además de la verificación de la presencia de E. inaron en áreas infestadas por mosca blanca, lo que indica que la avispa puede potencialmente ser utilizada en programas de manejo integrado. Además de la verificación morfológica, el análisis molecular permitió identificar algún grado de variabilidad genética en el genoma del parasitoide.

Abstract Fascinating circular hydrothermal bowls 0.5 m in diameter occur in paleodunes of the 1.2 million km2 Botucatu paleoerg in the Fronteira Oeste of Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, and were exposed upon erosion of presumed 2,000 m of basalt and rhyodacite cover of the Paraná Volcanic Province (1 million km2) since the Cretaceous (135 Ma). The tops of the paleodunes display low-temperature (150-50°C) hydrothermal structures comparable to those in basalts and rhyodacites. The source beds of sand injectites display evidence of sequential fault-valve action. The bowls represent a new structure in continental paleodunes. They present circular rims sealed by quartz and a flat horizontal bottom with a central sealed vent. The inclined internal rims of the bowls exhibit a radial set of linear fractures filled with quartz, forming prominent, sharp, positive structures. Their origin is ascribed to the work of water vapor originated in the heated freshwater aquifer. The concave ceiling was lifted a few millimeters along circular fractures long enough for quartz to be deposited. Erosional exhumation of the buried Botucatu hyperdry sand sea has revealed the effects, including the new structures described here, of hydrothermalism associated with a major igneous province upon a giant paleoerg turned-aquifer.

ABSTRACT Objective: this study analyses how international literature informs the discussion of sustainability within career scope. Method: we conducted a systematic literature review through the Web of Science database and analyzed 152 papers with the sustainable-career-related keywords: resilience, systems, and ecosystem. By exploring the conceptual foundations of these concepts that have evolved in the context of career sustainability over the last three decades, we identified six clusters of different theoretical approaches. Results: these are the interplay of social spaces in the development of sustainable or unsustainable career paths; need for an open-systems perspective for organizational career management; significance of personal attributes and individual behaviors in career sustainability development; addressing satisfaction and well-being in work and life spheres; external and internal career mobility in complex environments; and contemporary sustainability challenges and their implications for careers, cities, and governments. Conclusion: based on the findings, we established six assumptions that may guide future empirical research in this field.

Resumo: La dificultad financiera está presente en diversos estudios en la literatura. Sin embargo, se notan mayores discusiones en torno de sus determinantes, como el indicador, sin constatar su efecto para el mercado. En virtud de la importancia de poder utilizarse para averiguar la continuidad de la organización, el objetivo del trabajo es identificar las influencias de la dificultad financiera acerca del rendimiento de mercado en empresas latinoamericanas negociadas en la bolsa de valores. De acuerdo con la hipótesis del mercado eficiente y la señalización, la dificultad financiera anuncia al mercado una perspectiva negativa que afecta el desempeño de mercado. Así, para el análisis, se utilizó de datos referentes a las empresas que constan en las bolsas de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, México y Perú, de forma trimestral entre el 2013 y el 2017. Los resultados evidencian que, en los contextos brasileño, chileno y mexicano, la dificultad financiera influencia negativamente el rendimiento de mercado de las compañías. El estudio aporta para la literatura con la utilización de la dificultad financiera además de un indicador predictor, pues presenta una información que puede trabajarse por stakeholders en el momento de negociar o realizar el mantenimiento de su portafolio de acciones.

Abstract: Financial difficulty is examined in various literature studies. However, its determining factors, such as the indicator, are further discussed without considering its impact on the market. The purpose of this work is to identify the impacts of financial difficulty on the market performance of listed Latin American companies, since it is an essential tool to determine the continuity of an organization. The efficient market and signaling hypothesis states that financial difficulty heralds a negative outlook for the market that impacts market performance. Thus, the analysis used data about companies listed on the Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru stock exchanges on a quarterly basis from 2013 to 2017. The results show that financial difficulty negatively impacts company market performance in the Brazilian, Chilean, and Mexican contexts. The study contributes to the literature with the use of financial difficulty in addition to a predictive indicator, as it shows information that can be used by stakeholders at the time of negotiation or maintenance of their stock portfolio.

Resumo: A dificuldade financeira está presente em diversos estudos na literatura, porém notam-se maiores discussões em torno de seus determinantes, como o indicador, sem constatar seu efeito para o mercado. Em virtude da importância de poder ser utilizado para verificar a continuidade da organização, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as influências da dificuldade financeira sobre o desempenho de mercado em empresas latino-americanas negociadas na bolsa de valores. De acordo com a hipótese do mercado eficiente e da sinalização, a dificuldade financeira anuncia ao mercado uma perspectiva negativa que afeta o desempenho de mercado. Assim, para a análise, utilizou-se de dados referentes às empresas listadas nas bolsas da Argentina, do Brasil, do Chile, do México e do Peru, de forma trimestral entre 2013 e 2017. Os resultados demonstram que, nos contextos brasileiro, chileno e mexicano, a dificuldade financeira influencia negativamente o desempenho de mercado das companhias. Este estudo contribui para a literatura com a utilização da dificuldade financeira além de um indicador preditor, pois apresenta uma informaçao que pode ser trabalhada por stakeholders no momento de negociar ou realizar a manutençao de seu portfólio de ações.

ABSTRACT Purpose To analyze and compare the reactions at the interface between the composite, composed of fragmented heterologous mineralized bone matrix (MOMHF) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and the rabbit’s tibias, through macroscopic evaluation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in different periods. Methods In this study, 12 New Zealand adult rabbits were used (E1: n = 3, E2: n = 3, E3: n = 3 and E4: n = 3). They had the right tibial defects filled with composite and were evaluated immediately after surgery and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Results The composites were incorporated and integrated into the recipient beds in 100% of the cases, defined by the MOMHF osseointegration and the PMMA fibrointegration, with no sign of infection, migration, or rejection. Conclusions The behavior of the composites in the recipient beds demonstrates that these biomaterials have the potential to be used in bone defect repairs, offering, thus, better quality of life to the orthopedic patient.

Abstract Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a reproducible, simple, low-cost, and safe imaging technique used for morphological analysis of nail bed capillaries. It is considered to be extremely useful for the investigation of Raynaud's phenomenon and for the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The capillaroscopic pattern typically associated with SSc, scleroderma (“SD”) pattern, is characterized by dilated capillaries, microhemorrhages, avascular areas and/or capillary loss, and distortion of the capillary architecture. The aim of these recommendations is to provide orientation regarding the relevance of NFC, and to establish a consensus on the indications, nomenclature, the interpretation of NFC findings and the technical equipments that should be used. These recommendations were formulated based on a systematic literature review of studies included in the database MEDLINE (PubMed) without any time restriction.

Survey of potential sharpshooter and spittlebug vectors of Xylella fastidiosa to grapevines at the São Francisco River Valley, Brazil. Pierce's disease of grapevines, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, is a serious problem in some regions of North America, not yet reported in Brazil. In this study, a survey of potential sharpshooter (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) and spittlebug (Hemiptera, Cercopidae) vectors of X. fastidiosa was conducted in vineyards at the São Francisco River Valley, a major grape growing region in Brazil. Four vineyards of Vitis vinifera L. were sampled fortnightly from June/2005 to June/2007, using yellow sticky cards, each placed at two different heights (45 cm aboveground and 45 cm above the crop canopy) in 10 sampling localities. A total of 4,095 specimens of sharpshooters were collected, nearly all from 3 Proconiini species, Homalodisca spottii Takiya, Cavichioli & McKamey, 2006 (96.8% of the specimens), Tapajosa fulvopunctata (Signoret, 1854) (3.1%), and Tretogonia cribrata Melichar, 1926 (1 specimen). Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851) (2 specimens) was the only Cicadellini species. Only 1 cercopid specimen, belonging to Aeneolamia colon (Germar, 1821), was trapped. Even though they are not considered potential Xylella vectors, 2 Gyponini leafhoppers were collected: Curtara samera DeLong & Freytag, 1972 (11 specimens) and Curtara inflata DeLong & Freytag, 1976 (1 specimen). Homalodisca spottii was observed feeding and mating on green branches of grapevines, in addition to egg masses. Because of its prevalence on the crop canopy, occurrence throughout the year (with peaks from February to August), and ability to colonize grapevines, H. spottii could be an important vector if a X. fastidiosa strain pathogenic to grapevines becomes introduced at the São Francisco River Valley.

Este trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos do intervalo para o alojamento (IA) e de níveis de lisina digestível (LD) nas dietas iniciais sobre o desenvolvimento do músculo do peito e rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Para tanto, 1.760 pintos de corte, machos, Cobb500, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em oito grupos experimentais em arranjo fatorial 2x4 de 4 IAs (12, 24, 36 e 48h) e dois níveis de LD (1,143 e 1,267%), com quatro repetições e 55 aves por unidade experimental. Met+Cys, Thr e Trp foram balanceados no conceito de proteína ideal. Não houve interação significativa entre LD e IA sobre as variáveis avaliadas. Os maiores pesos do peito desossado e filé de peito aos 21 dias de idade e peso corporal aos 43 dias foram obtidos no nível de 1,143% de LD. O peso do peito desossado, peso do filé, diâmetro das fibras musculares aos 21 dias, peso vivo, peso da carcaça e peso das pernas aos 43 dias de idade decresceram linearmente de acordo com o aumento no intervalo para alojamento. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o nível de 1,143% de LD favorece aumento no músculo peitoral aos 21dias e o peso vivo dos frangos aos 43 dias, e que o menor intervalo para o alojamento melhora o desenvolvimento dos músculos peitorais durante a fase inicial, e maior rendimento da carcaça inteira e das pernas no abate.

This study aimed to study the effects of delayed placement (IA) and dietary lysine levels (LD) in initial diets on breast muscle development and carcass yield of broiler chickens. For this, 1,760 male Cobb500 chicks were allocated randomly to eight experimental groups according to a 2x4 factorial arrangement for 4 IAs (12, 24, 36 and 48h) and 2 levels of LD (1.143 and 1.267%) with four replicates and 55 chicks per experimental unit. Met+Cys, Thr and Trp were balanced according to the ideal protein concept. There were no significant interactions between LD and IA on variables evaluated. The highest breast weight and breast fillet weight at 21 days old and body weight at 43 days old were obtained with the dietary lysine level of 1.143%. The breast weight, breast fillet weight and muscle fiber diameter at 21 days old, body weight, carcass weight and legs weight at 43 days old decreased linearly according to the increase of the delayed placement. The results of this study suggest that the 1.143% DL level improves the breast muscle development at 21 days old and chicken body weight at 43 days old, and the shortest delayed placement improves the breast muscle development during the initial phase and higher carcass yield and legs at the slaughter.

No estudo relatado, analisam-se as relações consequentes da percepção de injustiça de preço desencadeada pela comparação com o preço a ser pago por um novo cliente em uma situação promocional. A pesquisa foi feita por meio de um experimento, com uma amostra composta por 200 estudantes de graduação. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados do estudo indicam que a percepção de injustiça é positivamente sucedida por emoções negativas e intenções de troca imediata e futura. Além disso, a confiança aparece como negativamente afetada pela percepção de injustiça, uma vez que essa percepção pode abalar a confiança que o cliente tem na empresa. Suportando a distinção das intenções de troca imediata e futura, identificou-se no estudo que as emoções negativas e a confiança possuem impactos distintos nesses dois tipos de intenções de troca. A intenção de boca a boca negativo também foi constatada como importante consequência das emoções procedentes da percepção de injustiça, assim como da confiança, indicando que fortes emoções negativas e menores níveis de confiança se relacionam com maiores níveis de boca a boca negativo. No estudo, discutem-se as contribuições gerenciais e acadêmicas dos resultados e, também, consideram-se as implicações para estudos futuros.

This study examines the relations that result from perceptions of pricing unfairness triggered by comparisons with the lower price paid by new clients in promotional situations. An experiment was conducted with a sample that consisted of 200 undergraduate students. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that the perception of unfair pricing is positively succeeded by negative emotions, and by the intent to switch immediately or in the future. Moreover, trust is affected by the perception of unfair pricing, since this perception may violate a client's trust in the company. Supporting the distinction of immediate and future switching intentions, the study found that negative emotions and trust have different impacts on these two types of switching intentions. Negative word-of-mouth intention was also found to be an important consequence of the emotions that stem from the perceived injustice and from trust feelings, indicating that strong negative emotions and lower levels of trust are related to higher levels of negative word-of-mouth. This study also discusses the managerial and academic contributions of these results and the implications for future studies.

En este estudio se analizan las relaciones derivadas de la percepción de injusticia provocada por la comparación con el precio a ser pago por un nuevo cliente en una situación de promoción. La investigación se realizó por medio de un experimento, con una muestra compuesta por 200 estudiantes universitarios. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que la percepción de injusticia es positivamente sucedida por emociones negativas e intenciones de cambio inmediato y futuro. Además, la confianza es negativamente afectada por la percepción de injusticia, ya que dicha percepción puede perjudicar la confianza del cliente en la empresa. Apoyando la distinción de las intenciones de cambiar en el futuro o inmediatamente, se identificó en el estudio que las emociones negativas y la confianza tienen impactos diferentes en estos dos tipos de intenciones de cambio. La intención de boca a boca negativo también se confirmó como una consecuencia importante de las emociones provenientes de la percepción de injusticia, así como de la confianza, lo que indica que fuertes emociones negativas y niveles más bajos de confianza están relacionados con mayores niveles de boca a boca negativo. En este estudio se analizan además las contribuciones académicas y de gestión de los resultados, y se consideran las implicaciones para futuros estudios.

Caracterizar as imagens de ciência e de cientista veiculadas em filmes de animação infantil - a fim de contribuir na discussão de alternativas didáticas para educação científica de crianças - é o objetivo desta pesquisa. Para tal, foram selecionados e analisados filmes desse gênero que contivessem mencionadas, em sua sinopse, as palavras ciência, cientista, laboratório, experimento, pesquisa, pesquisadores, investigação/lógica científica, invenção e inventor.Concluiu-se que os filmes trazem estereótipos sobre a ciência e que podem servir como alternativa didática desde que tenham como suporte uma discussão crítica sobre as concepções transmitidas. Sistematizou-se, também, um roteiro de observação com critérios que subsidiem o professor na análise do conteúdo dos filmes de animação infantil em relação às imagens da atividade científica que apresentam.

The aim of this research is characterize the images of science and scientist in movies of animation for younger audiences to contribute in the discussion of alternatives for scientific education of children. For this reason were selected and analyzed movies of this genre, which had mentioned in its summary the words science, scientist, laboratory, experiment, research, researchers and/or research and scientific logic, invention and inventor. It was concluded that, the films bring stereotypes about science and they can serve as an alternative teaching since that they are supported by a critical discussion about the ideas expressed in them. It was also systematized a guide of observation with some criteria that subsidize the teacher in the analysis of the content of animation movies for younger audiences in relation to the images of scientific activity that they show.

In this work there were studied alternatives of methodologies to verify the effect of insecticides growth regulators in the cultivation of the apple on Trichogramma pretiosum, in comparison with the methodology pattern used by International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). The studied insecticides were lufenuron/Match® CE (300), methoxifenozide/Intrepid® 240 SC (180), Tebufenozide/Mimic 240 SC (90), flufenoxuron/Cascade 100 (100), and as standard insecticide the insecticide fenthion was used (Lebaycid® 500) (100). Two methodologies were tested in the first eggs of Anagasta kuehniella they were powdered with insecticide solutions and supplied to females of T. pretiosum and in second step they were supplied honey added to insecticide to females of T. pretiosum. The appraised parameters were longevity of females, sponged eggs, sexual reason and emergency rate. The insecticide Lebaycid® was the one that presented larger toxicity to T. pretiosum followed by Match® in all the tested methodologies. Both methodologies suggested in this work they can be used as alternative of the standard methodology of IOBC.

Neste trabalho, foram estudados alternativas de metodologias, para verificar o efeito de inseticidas reguladores de crescimento na cultura da macieira, sobre Trichogramma pretiosum, em comparação com a metodologia padrão utilizada pela International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Os inseticidas estudados foram: lufenuron/Match® CE (300), methoxifenozide/ Intrepid® 240 SC (180), tebufenozide/Mimic 240 SC (90), flufenoxuron/Cascade 100 (100), e como inseticida padrão utilizou-se o inseticida fosforado fenthion (Lebaycid® 500) (100). Foram testadas, duas metodologias na primeira, ovos de Anagasta kuehniella foram pulverizados com soluções inseticidas e fornecidos a fêmeas de T. pretiosum e na segunda foi fornecidos mel adicionado a inseticida a fêmeas de T. pretiosum. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: longevidade de fêmeas, ovos parasitados, razão sexual e taxa de emergência. O inseticida Lebaycid® foi o que apresentou maior toxicidade a T. pretiosum seguido do Match®, em todas as metodologias testadas. Ambas as metodologias sugeridas neste trabalho podem ser utilizadas como alternativa à metodologia padrão da IOBC.

A seletividade de dez formulações comerciais de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro foi avaliada em laboratório (25±1 ºC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas), através da exposição de adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley a resíduos secos dos produtos pulverizados sobre placas de vidro. O número de ovos parasitados por fêmea, foi mensurado e a redução no parasitismo (RP), em relação à testemunha (água), foi utilizada para classificar os compostos em: inócuos (<30% RP), levemente nocivos (30-79% RP), moderadamente nocivos (80-99% RP) e nocivos (>99% RP). Os produtos fitossanitários captana, ditianona, mancozebe, metoxifenozida e óxido cuproso foram inócuos; glifosato e óleo mineral foram levemente nocivos e abamectina, cianamida e etofenproxi foram nocivos a T. pretiosum.

The selectivity of ten commercial pesticide formulations used in peach orchard was evaluated in laboratory tests (25±1 ºC, RH 70±10% and 14 hours photophase) by exposing the adult of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley to fresh dry pesticide film applied on glass plates. The number of eggs parasitized per adult female and the reduction in parasitism (RP) compared to control (treated with water) were used to measure the effect of the chemical in harmless (<30% RP), slightly harmful (30-79% RP), moderately harmful (80-99% RP) and harmful (>99% RP). The pesticides captan, copper oxide, dithianon, mancozeb and methoxyfenozide were harmless; gliphosate and mineral oil was slightly harmful and abamectin, cyanamide and etofenprox were harmful to T. pretiosum.

A toxicidade de dezesseis formulações comerciais de agrotóxicos utilizados na cultura do pessegueiro foi avaliada em laboratório (temperatura 25±1oC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas), expondo-se adultos do parasitóide Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em contato com uma película seca dos produtos fitossanitários pulverizados sobre placas de vidro, mensurando-se posteriormente o número de ovos parasitados por fêmea. Reduções na capacidade de parasitismo em relação à testemunha (somente água) foram utilizadas para classificar os produtos em inócuo (<30%), levemente nocivo (30-79%), moderadamente nocivo (80-99%) e nocivo (>99%). Os agrotóxicos (% da formulação comercial na calda) Captan 500 PM (0,240), Cobre Sandoz BR (0,240), Delan (0,125), Dodex 450 SC (0,175), Rovral SC (0,150) e Intrepid 240 SC (0,060) foram inócuos; Manzate 800 (0,200) foi levemente nocivo; Assist (2,000), Finale (1,000) e Roundup (original) (3,000) foram moderadamente nocivos; Kumulus DF (0,600), Hokko Cihexatim 500 (0,050), Vertimec 18 CE (0,080), Imidan 500 WP (0,200), Tiomet 400 CE (0,120) e Trebon 100 SC (0,150) foram nocivos a T. atopovirilia.

The toxicity of sixteen commercial formulations of pesticides used in peach production was assessed in the laboratory (25±1oC temperature, 70±10% relative humidity and 14h photophase) on adults of egg parasitoids Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner, 1983 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) by exposing the adult parasitoids to fresh dry pesticide film applied on glass plates and further evaluation of the capacity of parasitism per adult female. The reduction in capacity of parasitism compared with the control (treated with water) was used to measure the effect of the chemical. Pesticides were then classified into four categories, according to the reduction in parasitization: 1, harmless (<30%); 2, slightly harmful (30-79%); 3, moderately harmful (80-99%); 4, harmful (>99%). The pesticides (% commercial formulation in spray water) Captan 500 PM (0.240), Cobre Sandoz BR (0.240), Delan (0.125), Dodex 450 SC (0.175), Rovral SC (0.150) and Intrepid 240 SC (0.060) were harmless; Manzate 800 (0.200) was slightly harmful; Assist (2.000), Finale (1.000) and Roundup (original) (3.000) were moderately harmful; Kumulus DF (0.600), Hokko Cihexatim 500 (0.050), Vertimec 18 CE (0.080), Imidan 500 WP (0.200), Tiomet 400 CE (0.120) and Trebon 100 SC (0.150) were harmful to T. atopovirilia.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade de 12 agrotóxicos usados na produção integrada de maçã, em laboratório (temperatura 25±1ºC, umidade relativa 70±10% e fotófase de 14 horas), tendo-se exposto adultos de Trichogramma pretiosum a resíduos secos dos agrotóxicos, na máxima dosagem recomendada para uso em campo, e tendo-se posteriormente mensurado o número de ovos parasitados por fêmea. Reduções no parasitismo, em relação à testemunha (água), foram utilizadas para classificar os agrotóxicos em inócuo (<30%), levemente nocivo (30-79%), moderadamente nocivo (80-99%) e nocivo (>99%). Foram inócuos os acaricidas Envidor (espirodiclofeno), Kendo 50 SC (fenpiroximato) e Ortus 50 SC (fenpiroximato), os fungicidas Antracol 700 PM (propinebe), Midas BR (famoxadona + mancozebe), Palisade (fluquinconazol), Persist SC (mancozebe) e Systhane PM (miclobutanil) e o inseticida Mimic 240 SC (tebufenozida); o herbicida Polaris (glifosato) foi levemente nocivo; os herbicidas Finale (glufosinato sal de amônio) e Roundup Original (glifosato) foram moderadamente nocivos a T. pretiosum.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the side effects of 12 pesticides used in the integrated production of apple, in laboratory (25±1ºC temperature, 70±10% relative humidity and 14 hours photophase), exposing adults of Trichogramma pretiosum to fresh dry pesticide film, in the maximum dosage recommended for field use, with subsequent assessement of the number of eggs parasitized per female. The reduction in the parasitism, compared with the control (water), was used to classify the pesticides as harmless (<30%), slightly harmful (30-79%), moderately harmful (80-99%) and harmful (>99%). The acaricides Envidor (spirodiclofen), Kendo 50 SC (fenpyroximate) and Ortus 50 SC (fenpyroximate), the fungicides Antracol 700 PM (propineb), Midas BR (famoxadone + mancozeb), Palisade (fluquinconazole), Persist SC (mancozeb) and Systhane PM (myclobutanil) and the insecticide Mimic 240 SC (tebufenozide) were harmless; the herbicide Polaris (glyphosate) was slightly harmful; the herbicides Finale (gluphosinate-ammonium) and Roundup Original (glyphosate) were moderately harmful to T. pretiosum.