Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has several mechanisms of action related to inflammatory responses, especially in individuals diagnosed with obesity. This hyperinflammatory clinical profile resulting from the association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attenuated by regular physical activity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the consequences of physical inactivity and physical activity on COVID-19 in patients with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review at the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: We searched evidence on the association of COVID-19 with physical activity and obesity using the following keywords: “covid-19,” “physical activity,” and “obesity”. The databases used were MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Virtual Health Library. Studies published from 2019 to 2021 and available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. The final search was conducted on September 26, 2021. RESULTS: We identified 661 studies in the database, among which 71 were considered for inclusion in the narrative review of the molecular aspects of COVID-19 and its relationship with physical activity and obesity. CONCLUSION: This literature review enabled the perception of the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 and obesity. Regular physical activity had various benefits for the inflammatory condition of the studied population, highlighting moderate-intensity.

Resumo Fundamento A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma doença multifatorial, altamente prevalente e associada a riscos à saúde. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre HAS e marcadores laboratoriais, antropométricos, de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e de apneia obstrutiva do sono e, em segundo plano, analisar a sensibilidade e especificidade das variáveis que são fatores independentes na associação. Métodos Estudo transversal com 95 pacientes obesos atendidos em um ambulatório de referência em obesidade em Salvador, BA, Brasil. Os dados da HAS foram obtidos dos prontuários eletrônicos. A amostra foi estratificada em Grupo Normotenso (GN) e Grupo Hipertenso (GH), sendo medidos marcadores laboratoriais, composição corporal, polissonografia e VFC para avaliar a associação da HAS com as variáveis preditoras. Para as análises, adotou-se p<0,05. Resultados A média da idade do GN foi de 36,3 ± 10,1 e GH 40,4 ± 10,6 anos, 73,7% eram mulheres no GN e 57,9% no GH; 82,4% no GH apresentavam resistência à insulina. No modelo de regressão logística multivariado com ajustes para idade, sexo, altura e saturação de oxi-hemoglobina, a HAS foi inversamente associada à glicose plasmática em jejum mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 0,96; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC] = 0,92-0,99) e área de gordura visceral (AGV) cm2 (OR = 0,98; IC 95% = 0,97-0,99). A área sob a curva AGV foi de 0,728; IC 95% (0,620-0,836) e glicemia de jejum 0,693; IC 95% (0,582-0,804). Conclusão Menores concentrações de AGV e glicemia de jejum foram inversamente associadas à HAS. Além disso, tanto a glicemia de jejum quanto o AGV mostraram alta sensibilidade para triagem de HAS. (HAS multifatorial saúde laboratoriais antropométricos (VFC plano 9 Salvador BA Brasil eletrônicos (GN GH, , (GH) corporal preditoras análises adotouse adotou se p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 363 36 3 36, 101 10 1 10, 404 40 4 40, 106 6 anos 737 73 7 73,7 579 57 57,9 824 82 82,4 insulina sexo oxihemoglobina, oxihemoglobina oxi hemoglobina, hemoglobina oxi-hemoglobina mgdL mg dL odds OR [OR 0,96 096 96 [IC 0,920,99 092099 0,92 0,99 92 99 0,92-0,99 (AGV cm 0,98 098 98 0,970,99. 097099 0,97 . 97 0,97-0,99) 0,728 0728 728 0,6200,836 06200836 0,620 0,836 620 836 (0,620-0,836 0,693 0693 693 0,5820,804. 05820804 0,582 0,804 582 804 (0,582-0,804) disso (GH p00 p<0,0 73, 5 57, 8 82, 0,9 09 920 0,920,9 09209 092 099 0,92-0,9 970 0,970,99 09709 097 0,97-0,99 0,72 072 72 6200 0,6200,83 0620083 0620 0,62 0836 0,83 62 83 (0,620-0,83 0,69 069 69 5820 0,5820,804 0582080 0582 0,58 0804 0,80 58 80 (0,582-0,804 p0 p<0, 0, 0,920, 0920 0,92-0, 0,970,9 0970 0,97-0,9 0,7 07 0,6200,8 062008 062 0,6 083 0,8 (0,620-0,8 06 0,5820,80 058208 058 0,5 080 (0,582-0,80 p<0 0,920 0,92-0 0,970, 0,97-0, 0,6200, 06200 08 (0,620-0, 0,5820,8 05820 (0,582-0,8 p< 0,92- 0,970 0,97-0 0,6200 (0,620-0 0,5820, (0,582-0, 0,97- (0,620- 0,5820 (0,582-0 (0,620 (0,582- (0,62 (0,582 (0,6 (0,58 (0, (0,5 (0 (

Abstract Background Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial disease, highly prevalent and associated with health risks. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between SAH and laboratory, anthropometric, heart rate variability (HRV), and obstructive sleep apnea markers and, secondarily, to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the variables that are independent factors in the association. Methods Cross-sectional study with 95 obese patients treated at an obesity referral clinic in Salvador, BA, Brazil. SAH data were obtained from electronic medical records. The sample was stratified in the Normotensive Group (NG) and the Hypertensive Group (HG), and laboratory markers, body composition, polysomnography, and HRV were measured to evaluate the association of SAH with the predictor variables. For the analysis, p<0.05 was adopted. Results The average age of the NG was 36.3 ± 10.1 and HG 40.4 ± 10.6 years; 73.7% were women in the NG and 57.9% in HG; 82.4% in HG had insulin resistance. In the multivarious logistics regression model with adjustments in age, sex, height, and oxyhemoglobin saturation, SAH was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-0.99) and visceral fat area (VFA) cm2(OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97-0.99). The area under the VFA curve was 0.728; CI 95% (0.620-0.836); fasting plasma glucose 0.693;CI 95% (0.582-0.804). Conclusions Lower VFA and fasting plasma glucose concentrations were inversely associated with SAH. In addition, fasting plasma glucose and VFA showed a high sensitivity for SAH screening. (SAH disease risks anthropometric HRV, , (HRV) secondarily Crosssectional Cross sectional 9 Salvador BA Brazil records (NG HG, (HG) composition polysomnography analysis p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 adopted 363 36 3 36. 101 10 1 10. 404 40 4 40. 106 6 years 737 73 7 73.7 579 57 57.9 824 82 82.4 resistance sex height saturation mgdL mg dL odds OR [OR 0.96 096 96 [CI 0.920.99 092099 0.92 0.99 92 99 0.92-0.99 (VFA cm2OR cmOR cm2 cm 0.98 098 98 0.970.99. 097099 0.97 . 97 0.97-0.99) 0.728 0728 728 0.6200.836 06200836 0.620 0.836 620 836 (0.620-0.836) 0.693CI 0693CI 0.693 693 0.5820.804. 05820804 0.582 0.804 582 804 (0.582-0.804) addition screening (HRV (HG p00 p<0. 73. 5 57. 8 82. 0.9 09 920 0.920.9 09209 092 099 0.92-0.9 970 0.970.99 09709 097 0.97-0.99 0.72 072 72 6200 0.6200.83 0620083 0620 0.62 0836 0.83 62 83 (0.620-0.836 693CI 0693 0.69 69 5820 0.5820.804 0582080 0582 0.58 0804 0.80 58 80 (0.582-0.804 p0 p<0 0. 0.920. 0920 0.92-0. 0.970.9 0970 0.97-0.9 0.7 07 0.6200.8 062008 062 0.6 083 0.8 (0.620-0.83 069 0.5820.80 058208 058 0.5 080 (0.582-0.80 p< 0.920 0.92-0 0.970. 0.97-0. 0.6200. 06200 06 08 (0.620-0.8 0.5820.8 05820 (0.582-0.8 0.92- 0.970 0.97-0 0.6200 (0.620-0. 0.5820. (0.582-0. 0.97- (0.620-0 0.5820 (0.582-0 (0.620- (0.582- (0.620 (0.582 (0.62 (0.58 (0.6 (0.5 (0. (0 (

Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has several mechanisms of action related to inflammatory responses, especially in individuals diagnosed with obesity. This hyperinflammatory clinical profile resulting from the association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attenuated by regular physical activity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the evidence on the consequences of physical inactivity and physical activity on COVID-19 in patients with obesity. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review at the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health in Salvador, Brazil. METHODS: We searched evidence on the association of COVID-19 with physical activity and obesity using the following keywords: “covid-19,” “physical activity,” and “obesity”. The databases used were MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Virtual Health Library. Studies published from 2019 to 2021 and available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included. The final search was conducted on September 26, 2021. RESULTS: We identified 661 studies in the database, among which 71 were considered for inclusion in the narrative review of the molecular aspects of COVID-19 and its relationship with physical activity and obesity. CONCLUSION: This literature review enabled the perception of the relationship between the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 and obesity. Regular physical activity had various benefits for the inflammatory condition of the studied population, highlighting moderate-intensity.

Com o objetivo de determinar a idade do fechamento das placas de crescimento dos ossos longos, foram usados 92 potros da raça crioula com idades entre 6 a 29 meses, machos e fêmeas, provenientes de cinco criatórios diferentes. Foram radiografadas as placas epifisárias distais do terceiro metacarpiano, do rádio e da tíbia. A imagem radiográfica foi classificada quanto ao fechamento em: visível, parcialmente visível ou não visível. Foram avaliados a influência do sexo, da propriedade e do regime nutricional sobre o fechamento da placa epifisária. Observou-se que, aos sete meses de idade, a placa epifisária do metacarpiano principal já não era visível. A placa epifisária distal da tíbia não foi possível de ser identificada aos 23 meses. Na porção distal do rádio, a placa epifisária esteve visível até os 25 meses de idade. Os resultados deste estudo comprovam que o período de fechamento da placa epifisária dos ossos metacarpiano principal, rádio e tíbia de potros crioulos se assemelha ao descrito em outras raças.

Aiming at documenting the closure of the physeal plates of the long bones, 92 Criollo foals, males and females, between 6 and 29 months of age, were used in this study. Dorsopalmar radiographs were taken from the distal portion of the radius, 3rd metacarpal bone and tibia. The radiographic image of the growth plate was classified as visible, partially visible or not visible. At 7 months of age the growth plate of the 3rd metacarpal bone was no longer visible. In the distal physis of the tibia the growth plate was no longer visible at 23 months and at 25 months of age in the radius. The results of this study show that period of closure of the physeal plates of the main metacaopal bone, the radius and tibia is similar to the some described in other breeds.