RESUMO: Os objetivos do presente estudo foram (i) genotipar amostras de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, C. silvaticum e C. auriscanis usando Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR), bem como (ii) analisar as relações epidemiológicas entre os isolados de acordo com biovar (Equi e Ovis), espécie, hospedeiro e origem geográfica das amostras de C. pseudotuberculosis. Sessenta e oito isolados de C. pseudotuberculosis, nove C. silvaticum, um C. auriscanis, C. pseudotuberculosis ATCC® 19410 ™ e a amostra vacinal atenuada C. pseudotuberculosis 1002 foram tipificadas por ERIC 1 + 2-PCR. As amostras de campo foram isoladas de diferentes hospedeiros (bovinos, búfalos, ovinos, caprinos, equinos, cães e suínos) em seis países (México, Portugal, Brasil, Guiné Equatorial, Egito e Israel). Uma alta diversidade genética foi observada entre os isolados de Corynebacterium spp., agrupados em vinte e quatro genótipos com um índice de diversidade Hunter & Gaston (HGDI) de 0,937. A análise da minimal spanning tree (MST) de Corynebacterium spp. revelou três complexos clonais, cada um associado a uma espécie bacteriana. Vinte e dois genótipos foram observados entre isolados de C. pseudotuberculosis, com um HGDI de 0,934. Na análise da MST, três grandes complexos clonais foram formados, agrupando-se em torno da origem geográfica dos isolados de C. pseudotuberculosis. Esses resultados reforçam a alta tipabilidade, concordância epidemiológica e poder discriminatório do ERIC-PCR como método consistente de genotipagem para C. pseudotuberculosis, podendo ser útil como ferramenta epidemiológica no controle da linfadenite caseosa. Além disso, os resultados também indicam o grande potencial de ERIC 1 + 2-PCR para genotipagem de espécies do gênero Corynebacterium além de C. pseudotuberculosis.

ABSTRACT: The aims of the present study were (i) to genotype Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, C. silvaticum, and C. auriscanis strains using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR), and (ii) to analyze the epidemiological relationships among isolates according to biovar (Equi and Ovis), species, host, and geographical origin of the C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Sixty-eight C. pseudotuberculosis, nine C. silvaticum, and one C. auriscanis, C. pseudotuberculosis ATCC® 19410™ strain and the attenuated C. pseudotuberculosis 1002 vaccinal strain were fingerprinted by ERIC 1+2-PCR. Field strains were isolated from various hosts (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, and pigs) in six countries (Mexico, Portugal, Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Egypt, and Israel). High genetic diversity was found among the studied Corynebacterium spp. isolates, clustering in 24 genotypes with a Hunter & Gaston diversity index (HGDI) of 0.937. The minimal spanning tree of Corynebacterium spp. revealed three clonal complexes, each associated with one bacterial species. Twenty-two genotypes were observed among C. pseudotuberculosis isolates, with an HGDI of 0.934. Three major clonal complexes were formed at the minimal spanning tree, grouped around the geographic origin of C. pseudotuberculosis isolates. These results reinforce the high typeability, epidemiological concordance, and discriminatory power of ERIC-PCR as a consistent genotyping method for C. pseudotuberculosis, which could be useful as an epidemiological tool to control caseous lymphadenitis. Moreover, our results also indicate the potential of ERIC 1+2-PCR for the genotyping of other species of Corynebacterium other than C. pseudotuberculosis.

Abstract: The presence of parasites in marine fish is a serious problem for the fishing industry in many countries. Some species of parasites can present a risk to consumers. Human health can be compromised by allergic reactions to parasitic antigens (hypersensitivity). The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence of parasite larvae in samples of frozen Alaskan fish fillets. A total of 108 samples of frozen Alaska pollock fish fillet were purchased from commercial establishments in the state of São Paulo - Brazil, from July 2017 to November 2019. The parasite search was carried out using the method dissection under transmitted light (candling table) according to AOAC (2005), method 985.12. Only 18 samples (17%), from four different brands, did not present any parasitic form, the others (90 samples) had at least one parasitic form, with the presence of cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha (found in 73 samples) and nematodes of the Anisakidae family prevailing (found in 57 samples). It was also observed that more than half of the studied samples (76 samples) presented up to 5 parasitic forms in the kilogram rate. The results demonstrate the need for more data regarding the incidence of parasites in fish and their impact on human health, in order to alert the population and health authorities about its dangers, so that preventive and corrective measures are taken in the inspection process of these products, aiming to reduce any possibility of the occurrence of illnesses.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture (AP) or micro-dose pharmacopuncture (PA), using carprofen or morphine, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). METHODS: Thirty five dogs were randomly assigned to five groups after sedation with acepromazine IM: AP, 0.5 mg.kg-1 of morphine subcutaneously (SC), 4 mg.kg-1 of carprofen SC, and PA with 0.05 mg.kg-1 of morphine or 0.4 mg.kg-1 of carprofen. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Pain was assessed after OHE by a blind observer for 24h, by dynamic visual analogue scale (DIVAS), Glasgow (CMPS-SF), Melbourne (UMPS) and Colorado University pain scale (CSU). Animals reaching 33% of the UMPS score received rescue analgesia with morphine IM. Non parametric data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis or Friedman tests where applicable, followed by Dunn´s test. Parametric data were analysed by two way ANOVA, followed by Tukey test. RESULTS: There were no differences among groups in number of rescue analgesia. Except for the DIVAS score where animals treated with morphine had the lowest score compared with AP and carprofen, at 1h after surgery, there were no other differences among groups. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture or pharmacopuncture were equally effective as morphine or carprofen to control postoperative pain in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

This study aimed at verifying the influence of the seasonality and landscape of the place of apiaries in the production and physicochemical quality of propolis produced in Cáceres-MT. Within August/2006 and July/2007 twenty-three propolis samples were collected monthly. The physicochemical quality of propolis was determined by the characteristic: loss by drying, wax, mechanical mass, oxidation activity, dry extract, flavonoids and total phenolics. The production of propolis was analyzed through correlation with seasonality (dry and wet). The same statistic model was used to correlate the production with the landscape (highland and flood plain). For each physicochemical characteristic were used statistic model of correlation described for the production of propolis. The seasonality did not influence on propolis production and on physicochemical quality. The landscape did not influence on propolis production and physicochemical quality loss by drying and mechanical mass, however, it determined the physicochemical quality for wax (x=22.44%), oxidation activity (x=9.73''), dry extract (x=22.31%), flavonoids (x=1.94%) and total phenolics (x=0.02%) in the highland of the Pantanal of Cáceres. This way it concludes that the production and physicochemical quality of propolis were not influenced by seasonality. The landscape influenced positively on physicochemical quality of propolis in the highland of the Pantanal of Cáceres.

A perda de calor por evaporação cutânea e as características morfológicas do pelame (espessura da capa, comprimento médio dos pêlos, número de pêlos por unidade de área e diâmetro médio dos pêlos) foram avaliadas em 254 cabras das raças Saanen, Alpina e mestiças ½ Boer ½ Saanen. Utilizou-se uma cápsula ventilada para medir a evaporação cutânea, determinada em três regiões do corpo (próximo ao pescoço, meio do flanco e quarto traseiro), enquanto as características morfológicas do pelame foram avaliadas a partir de amostras de pêlos, tomadas 18 cm abaixo da coluna vertebral, exceto a espessura da capa, que foi medida in situ. Os resultados indicaram que os animais apresentam pelame pouco denso, formado por pêlos finos e compridos. Animais mestiços (½ Bôer ½ Saanen) apresentaram taxas de evaporação cutânea mais elevadas que os puros das raças Saanen e Alpina.

Heat loss by cutaneous evaporation and hair coat characteristics (coat thickness, hair length, number of hairs per unit area, and hair diameter) were measured in 254 Saanen, Alpine, and crossbred (½ Boer ½ Saanen) goats. The hair coat thickness was measured just below the dorsal line of thorax followed by collection of hair samples using adapted pliers. Cutaneous evaporation was measured by a ventilated capsule technique in three regions (neck, thorax center, and hind leg) that were assumed to be representative of the average rate of cutaneous evaporation from the whole skin surface. Goats showed low density hair coats constituted by thin and long hair. Heat loss measured by cutaneous evaporation was lower than that reported in cattle; crossbred animals (½ Boer ½ Saanen) had greater rates of cutaneous evaporation than the purebred Saanen and Alpine goats.

Este trabalho visa o estudo de contaminação causada por um lixão, através dos métodos geofísicos da resistividade, eletromagnético indutivo. Os trabalhos foram realizados em Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, em um lixão desativado. Os dados obtidos foram tratados com softwares apropriados que possibilitaram o realce das anomalias, as quais auxiliaram na caracterização do problema ambiental causado.

This work aims at the detection of the contamination caused by a waste disposal area, through the electric geophysical methods of resistivity, induced electromagnetics. Field measurements had been carried out in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, in a deactivated waste disposal area. The obtained data had been dealt with appropriate softwares that enabled the distinction of the anomalies which help the characterization of the environmental pollution problem.