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ABSTRACT The areas of Amazonian floodplains have added ecological value to their multiple ecosystem services, including water supply, local climate regulation, biodiversity with a marked number of endemic species, and diversity of micro-habitat. Considering the importance of conserving these environments, this study aimed to analyze the behavior and delimit the areas of the natural distribution of forest species Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) A. Juss and Laetia corymbulosa (lowland low), Maquira coriacea (H.Karst.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae), and Ocotea cymbarum Kunth (high floodplain), besides evaluating the potential impacts of climate change on the future distribution inferring on its conservation. The potential species distribution was modeled using Environmental Modelling & Software, by employing algorithms such as Bioclim, Domain, Maximum Entropy, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The projections indicate that climate change threatens the occurrence of floodplain species. Under the SSP 585 scenario for both periods, the four species studied will lose areas of climatic adequacy until the end of the 21st century, especially in the Brazilian Amazon. The study shows the need to increase socio-environmental responsibility through conserving current protected areas in freshwater ecosystems and implementing new priority areas for conserving wetlands (Ramsar Sites) in the Amazon. Such measures are essential to ensure in situ conservation and protect them from habitat loss. services supply regulation microhabitat. microhabitat micro habitat. micro-habitat environments Willd. Willd (Willd. A lowland low, low , low) H.Karst. HKarst H Karst (H.Karst. CC C C.C Moraceae, Moraceae (Moraceae) high floodplain, floodplain) Software Bioclim Domain Entropy Forests SVM. SVM . (SVM) 58 periods st century Amazon socioenvironmental socio environmental Ramsar Sites loss (Willd H.Karst (H.Karst (Moraceae (SVM 5

RESUMO As áreas de várzeas amazônicas possuem valor ecológico agregado aos seus múltiplos serviços ecossistêmicos, incluindo o abastecimento de água, regulagem do clima local, biodiversidade com um número acentuado de espécies endêmicas e com diversidade de micro-habitat. Considerando a importância da conservação desses ambientes, este estudo objetivou analisar o comportamento e delimitar as áreas de distribuição natural das espécies florestais Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) A. Juss e Laetia corymbulosa (várzea baixa) e Maquira coriacea (H. Karst.) C.C. Berg (Moraceae) e Ocotea cymbarum Kunth (várzea alta), além de avaliar os impactos potenciais das mudanças climáticas sobre a distribuição futura, inferindo sobre a sua conservação. A modelagem de distribuição potencial das espécies foi feita com o uso do Environmental Modelling & Software, a partir dos algoritmos como: Bioclim, Domain, Maximum Entropy, Random Forests e Support Vector Machine (SVM). As projeções indicam que as mudanças climáticas representam ameaça à ocorrência das espécies de várzea. Sob o cenário SSP 585 para ambos os períodos, as quatro espécies estudadas perderão áreas de adequação climática até o final do século XXI, principalmente, na Amazônia brasileira. O estudo mostra a necessidade de aumentar a responsabilidade socioambiental para conservação das áreas protegidas atuais em ecossistemas de água doce e, implementar novas áreas prioritárias para a conservação de zonas úmidas (Sítios Ramsar) na Amazônia. Tais medidas são fundamentais para garantir a conservação in situ e protegê-las de uma perda de habitat. ecossistêmicos local microhabitat. microhabitat micro habitat micro-habitat ambientes Willd. Willd (Willd. várzea baixa H. H (H Karst. Karst CC C C.C Moraceae (Moraceae alta, alta , alta) futura Software como Bioclim Domain Entropy SVM. SVM . (SVM) 58 períodos XXI principalmente brasileira Sítios Ramsar protegêlas protegê las (Willd (SVM 5

https://doi.org/10.53661/1806-9088202448263751

Effect of different levels of whole corn germ on energy values and ileal digestibility in broilers
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LOPES, ELAINY CRISTINA

; RABELLO, CARLOS B.V.

; MACAMBIRA, GABRIEL M.

; SANTOS, MARCOS JOSÉ B. DOS

; LOPES, CLÁUDIA C.

; OLIVEIRA, CAMILLA R.C. DE

; SILVA, JAQUELINE DE CÁSSIA R. DA

; SILVA, BRUNO A.

; NASCIMENTO, JÚLIO CÉZAR S.

; RIBEIRO, APOLÔNIO G.

; SILVA, DAYANE A. DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volume 96 Nº 3 elocation e20230078

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of broiler age (A) and levels of replacement (L) of control diet (CD) on the utilization of energy and nutrients of whole corn germ. 720 one-day-old broilers (b) were allocated at completely randomized design to six treatments and six replicates, in three assays: pre-starter (1-8 days, 10 b/cage), starter (15-22 days, 6 b/cage), and grower (28-35 days, 4 b/cage) phases. The treatments were: CD and four test diets (L): 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 g kg-1 of the CD replaced by WCG levels. The data were adjusted to the response surface model. The stationary points for apparent energy metabolizable (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) were: 4173 and 3591 kcal kg-1, respectively, and coefficients of gross energy (AMCGE), crude protein (AMCCP), dry matter (AMCDM), and ether extract (AMCEE) were: 49.3, 40.4, 72.6, and 61.3%, respectively; and Ileal digestibility coefficient of crude protein (IDCCP), dry matter (IDCDM), digestibility crude protein values (DCP), and digestibility dry matter value (DDM) were: 78.0, 57.96, 8.50, and 56.17%, respectively. The EP for AMEn was at 18 days of age, 28 g kg-1 WCG. There was a correlation between A and L on digestibility and metabolisability of nutrient’s WCG. (A (L (CD germ 72 onedayold one day old b (b replicates assays prestarter pre 1 8 (1- b/cage, bcage b/cage , cage 1522 15 22 (15-2 2835 35 (28-3 phases 100 150 200 250 30 kg1 kg kg- model (AME (AMEn 417 359 kg1, 1, respectively AMCGE, AMCGE (AMCGE) AMCCP, AMCCP (AMCCP) AMCDM, AMCDM (AMCDM) AMCEE (AMCEE 493 49 3 49.3 404 40 40.4 726 72.6 613 61 61.3% IDCCP, IDCCP (IDCCP) IDCDM, IDCDM (IDCDM) DCP, DCP (DCP) DDM (DDM 780 78 0 78.0 5796 57 96 57.96 850 50 8.50 5617 56 17 56.17% 2 nutrient s 7 (1 152 (15- 283 (28- 20 25 41 (AMCGE (AMCCP (AMCDM 49. 40. 72. 61.3 (IDCCP (IDCDM (DCP 78. 579 5 9 57.9 85 8.5 561 56.17 ( (15 (28 61. 57. 8. 56.1 (2 56.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230078

Potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca: A literature review ayahuasca
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COSTA, Salvana Priscylla Manso

; CARVALHO, Keith Cardoso

; GOMES, Isabella Nunes

; CALAZANS, Carine Lopes

; SILVA, Morganna Thinesca Almeida

; MIRANDA, Joseneide de Alves

; BARRETO, Ighor Costa

; MELO, Matheus Vinícius Guimarães de

; HOLANDA, Keyla Emanuelle Ramos de

; ALENCAR FILHO, José Marcos Teixeira de

Acta Amazonica

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2024, Volume 54 Nº 2 elocation e54cp23182

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Ayahuasca é uma decocção psicoativa originalmente usada na cultura indígena amazônica. É constituída por um líquido denso e marrom que resulta mais frequentemente da decocção de duas plantas nativas da floresta amazônica, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) e Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). A composição da decocção é variável, pois diversas espécies vegetais podem ser utilizadas em seu preparo. Seu efeito psicoativo ocorre devido à presença de N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), agonista dos receptores serotoninérgicos (5-HT1A/2A/2C), que é metabolizado pela enzima monoamina oxidase tipo A (MAO-A), e também à presença de β-carbolinas, que são inibidores reversíveis da MAO-A. Essa interação conjunta promove uma sequência de efeitos neuroquímicos psicodélicos. Devido à atual expansão das pesquisas sobre substâncias psicodélicas e ao crescente interesse público nos benefícios da ayahuasca, além do seu uso tradicional na Amazônia, as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre sua capacidade terapêutica têm aumentado. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as evidências científicas do potencial terapêutico da ingestão de ayahuasca. A revisão abrangeu o período 2012-2022, e resultou em evidências sobre os efeitos terapêuticos da ayahuasca na depressão/ansiedade, dependência química/alcoolismo e doença de Parkinson, bem como efeitos neuropsicológicos, e possíveis efeitos tóxicos na reprodução/desenvolvimento embrionário, entre outros efeitos adversos. O maior número de publicações no período pesquisado tratou dos efeitos da ayahuasca sobre a depressão e a ansiedade. Estudos futuros precisam abordar o mecanismo detalhado de ação da ayahuasca, bem como sua potencial toxicidade, a fim de demonstrar sua segurança. amazônica Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Malpighiaceae. Malpighiaceae . (Malpighiaceae) variável preparo N,Ndimetiltriptamina NNdimetiltriptamina N,N dimetiltriptamina N DMT, DMT , (DMT) 5HT1A/2A/2C, 5HT1A2A2C HTAAC 5 HT1A/2A/2C HT1A 2A 2C HT C (5-HT1A/2A/2C) MAOA, MAOA MAO (MAO-A) βcarbolinas, βcarbolinas β carbolinas, carbolinas β-carbolinas MAOA. A. MAO-A psicodélicos Amazônia aumentado 20122022, 20122022 2012 2022, 2022 2012-2022 depressãoansiedade ansiedade depressão/ansiedade químicaalcoolismo química alcoolismo Parkinson neuropsicológicos reproduçãodesenvolvimento reprodução desenvolvimento embrionário adversos toxicidade segurança (Malpighiaceae Ndimetiltriptamina NN (DMT 5HT1A 5HT1A/2A/2C HT1A2A2C HTA (5-HT1A/2A/2C (MAO-A 2012202 201 202 2012-202 201220 20 2012-20 20122 2 2012-2 2012-

ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequently results from the decoction of two plants native to the Amazon rainforest, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). The composition of the decoction is variable, as several plant species can be used in its preparation. Its psychoactive effect occurs due to the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist at serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A/2A/2C) that is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), and also the presence of β-carbolines, which are reversible MAO-A inhibitors. This joint interaction promotes a sequence of psychedelic neurochemical effects. Due to the current expansion of research on psychedelic substances and the growing public interest in the benefits of ayahuasca beyond its traditional use in the Amazon, academic research on its therapeutic capacity has been increasing. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of ingesting ayahuasca. The review covered the period 2012-2022, and resulted in evidence on the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on depression/anxiety, chemical dependency/alcoholism and Parkinson’s disease, as well as neuropsychological effects, and possible toxic effects on reproduction/embryonic development, among other adverse effects. The highest number of publications in the searched period dealt with the effects of ayahuasca on depression and anxiety. Further studies need to address the detailed mechanism of action of ayahuasca, as well as its potential toxicity, in order to demonstrate its safety. culture rainforest Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Malpighiaceae. Malpighiaceae . (Malpighiaceae) variable preparation N,Ndimethyltryptamine NNdimethyltryptamine N,N dimethyltryptamine N DMT, DMT , (DMT) 5HT1A/2A/2C 5HT1A2A2C HTAAC 5 HT1A/2A/2C HT1A 2A 2C HT C (5-HT1A/2A/2C MAOA, MAOA MAO (MAO-A) βcarbolines, βcarbolines β carbolines, carbolines β-carbolines inhibitors increasing 20122022, 20122022 2012 2022, 2022 2012-2022 depressionanxiety anxiety depression/anxiety dependencyalcoholism dependency alcoholism Parkinsons Parkinson s disease reproductionembryonic reproduction embryonic development toxicity safety (Malpighiaceae Ndimethyltryptamine NN (DMT 5HT1A HT1A2A2C HTA (MAO-A 2012202 201 202 2012-202 201220 20 2012-20 20122 2 2012-2 2012-

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202301821

Comparative Analysis of Milking and Behavior Characteristics of Multiparous and Primiparous Cows in Robotic Systems
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RODRIGUEZ, FLOR ANGELA N.

; LOPES, MARCOS AURÉLIO

; LIMA, ANDRÉ LUIS R.

; ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, GERCÍLIO A. DE

; NOVO, ANDRÉ LUIZ M.

; CAMARGO, ARTUR C. DE

; BARBARI, MATTEO

; BRITO, SERGIO C.

; REIS, EDUARDO M.B.

; DAMASCENO, FLÁVIO A.

; NASCIMENTO, ESTEFFANY FRANCISCA R.

; BAMBI, GIANLUCA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2024, Volume 96 Nº 3 elocation e20221078

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Robotic milking systems are successful innovations in the development of dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to analyse the milking characteristics and behavior of dairy cows of different calving orders in “milk first” robotic milking systems. The data were collected from a commercial herd located in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais (Brazil), which uses an automatic milking system (AMS TM, DeLaval). Were analysed 26,574 observations of 235 Holstein cows were available. Data were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance and the Tukey test. - Tthe characteristics milk flow and milking efficiency were more favourable for multiparous cows (p <0.01), while the time in the stall was more favourable for primiparous females (p <0.01). The values of handling time were better in the primiparous cows (p <0.01). Primiparous cows had higher amounts of kick-off (p <0.001), and multiparous cows had higher incomplete milkings (p <0.001). The number of incomplete milkings showed a higher ratio in terms of reduction in milk production in 26.6% in primiparous cows and 26.7% in multiparous cows (p <0.01). Regarding the behavioral characteristics, primiparous cows had higher amounts of kickbacks, while multiparous cows had greater quantities of incomplete milkings. cattle first Brazil, Brazil , (Brazil) AMS TM DeLaval. DeLaval . DeLaval) 26574 26 574 26,57 23 available test p <0.01, 001 <0.01 0 01 <0.01) <0.01. kickoff kick off <0.001, 0001 <0.001 <0.001) <0.001. 266 6 26.6 267 7 26.7 kickbacks (Brazil 2657 2 57 26,5 00 <0.0 000 <0.00 26. 265 5 26, <0. <0 <

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320221078

PREDICTION OF THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION OF AMAZONIAN PALM TREES Astrocaryum acaule MART. AND Astrocaryum aculeatum MART. MART
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Cordeiro, Adriel Lira

; Tomaz, Jennifer Souza

; Bezerra, Caroline de Souza

; Meneses, Carlos Henrique Salvino Gadêlha

; Aguiar, Ananda Virgínia de

; Wrege, Marcos Silveira

; Ramos, Santiago Linorio Ferreyra

; Lopes, Ricardo

; Fraxe, Therezinha de Jesus Pinto

; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes

Revista Árvore

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e4719

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ABSTRACT Astrocaryum aculeatum Mart. Moreover, Astrocaryum acaule Mart. are palm trees with ecological and extractive importance in the Amazon. These are hearty species that have been associated with archaeological sites and thrive in the presence of humans in certain areas. This work aimed to verify the effect of global climate change on the potential geographic distribution of A. acaule and A. aculeatum in the current period and future climate scenarios using ecological niche modeling in Brazilian phytogeographic domains. The modeling was based on 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the Worldclim website and four algorithms (Climate space model, Envelope Score, Niche Mosaic, and Environmental Distance). Additionally, the Environmental Distance algorithm showed greater similarity regarding species distribution with potential occurrence in the five Brazilian domains (Amazon, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest). The dispersion patterns were very similar between the two Astrocaryum palms though A. aculeatum was more sensitive to climatic variations. A. acaule may be more resilient to changes, as demonstrated by being able to recolonize in the southern portion of the Amazon in future scenarios in the year 2070. The modeling helped to delimit potential areas for A. aculeatum and A. acaule, indicating the need for the conservation of the species in more sensitive regions. Mart Moreover A 1 Climate model Score Mosaic Distance. . Distance) Additionally Amazon, (Amazon Pantanal Caatinga Cerrado Forest. Forest Forest) variations changes 2070 regions 207 20 2

RESUMO Astrocaryum aculeatum Mart. e Astrocaryum acaule Mart. são palmeiras que apresentam importância ecológica e para o extrativismo na Amazônia. São espécies rústicas e que foram associadas a sítios arqueológicos e à presença de humanos em determinadas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito das mudanças climáticas globais na distribuição geográfica potencial de A. acaule e A. aculeatum, no período atual e em cenários climáticos futuros, utilizando a modelagem de nicho ecológico nos domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros. As modelagens foram baseadas em 19 variáveis bioclimáticas, obtidas no site do Worldclim, e quatro algoritmos (Climate space model, Envelope Score, Niche Mosaic e Enviromental Distance), dos quais o algoritmo Environmental Distance apresentou maior similaridade quanto à distribuição das espécies com ocorrência potencial nos cinco domínios brasileiros (Amazônia, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado e Mata Atlântica). Os padrões de dispersão foram muito similares entre as duas palmeiras de Astrocaryum, porém A. aculeatum é mais sensível às variações climáticas. A. acaule tem potencial para ser mais resiliente às mudanças, podendo recolonizar a porção sul da Amazônia em cenários futuros, no ano de 2070. A modelagem auxiliou a delimitar as áreas potenciais de A. aculeatum e A. acaule, indicando a necessidade de conservação das espécies em regiões mais sensíveis. Mart futuros 1 bioclimáticas Worldclim Climate model Score Distance, , Distance) Amazônia, (Amazônia Pantanal Caatinga Atlântica. Atlântica . Atlântica) 2070 sensíveis 207 20 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000019

[SciELO Preprints] - Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
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Marin-Neto, José Antonio Rassi Jr., Anis Moraes Oliveira, Gláucia M. Lemos Correia, Luís Claudio Novaes Ramos Jr., Alberto Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel Luquetti Ostermayer, Alejandro Sousa, Andréa Silvestre de Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Angelo Sobral de Sousa, Antonio Carlos Pinho Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz Correia Filho, Dalmo Moraes de Souza, Dilma do Socorro Cunha-Neto, Edecio J. A. Ramires, Felix Bacal, Fernando Pereira Nunes, Maria do Carmo Martinelli Filho, Martino Ibrahim Scanavacca, Maurício Magalhães Saraiva, Roberto Alves de Oliveira Júnior, Wilson M. Lorga-Filho, Adalberto de Jesus Benevides de Almeida Guimarães, Adriana Lopes Latado Braga, Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira, Adriana V. L. Sarabanda, Alvaro Yecê das Neves Pinto, Ana Assis Lopes do Carmo, André Schmidt, André Costa, Andréa Rodrigues da Ianni, Barbara Maria Markman Filho, Brivaldo Eduardo Rochitte, Carlos Thé Macedo, Carolina Mady, Charles Chevillard, Christophe Bittencourt das Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo Nery de Castro, Cleudson De Paoli de Carvalho Britto, Constança Felícia Pisani, Cristiano do Carmo Rassi, Daniela C. Sobral Filho, Dario Rodrigues Almeida, Dirceu A. Bocchi, Edimar T. Mesquita, Evandro de Souza Nogueira Sardinha Mendes, Fernanda Pereira, Francisca Tatiana Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo de Lima Peixoto, Giselle Glotz de Lima, Gustavo H. Veloso, Henrique Turin Moreira, Henrique Bellotti Lopes, Hugo Masciarelli Francisco Pinto, Ibraim Pinto Dias, João Carlos Bemfica, João Marcos Silva-Nunes, João Paulo Soares Barreto-Filho, José Augusto Kerr Saraiva, José Francisco Lannes-Vieira, Joseli Menezes Oliveira, Joselina Luzia V. Armaganijan, Luciana Martins, Luiz Cláudio C. Sangenis, Luiz Henrique Barbosa, Marco Paulo Almeida-Santos, Marcos Antônio Simões, Marcos Vinicius Shikanai-Yasuda, Maria Aparecida Vieira Moreira, Maria da Consolação Higuchi, Maria de Lourdes Costa Monteiro, Maria Rita de Cássia Felix Mediano, Mauro Felippe Maia Lima, Mayara T. Oliveira, Maykon Moreira Dias Romano , Minna Nitz, Nadjar de Tarso Jorge Medeiros, Paulo Vieira Alves, Renato Alkmim Teixeira, Ricardo Coury Pedrosa, Roberto Aras, Roque Morais Torres, Rosália dos Santos Povoa, Rui Manoel Rassi, Sérgio Gabriel Salles Xavier, Sérgio Marinho Martins Alves , Silvia B. N. Tavares, Suelene Lima Palmeira, Swamy da Silva Junior, Telêmaco Luiz da Rocha Rodrigues, Thiago Madrini Junior, Vagner Maia da Costa , Veruska Dutra, Walderez

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Data de publicação: 2022-10-11

Resumo: En Pt

This guideline aimed to update the concepts and formulate the standards of conduct and scientific evidence that support them, regarding the diagnosis and treatment of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, with special emphasis on the rationality base that supported it.nbsp; Chagas disease in the 21st century maintains an epidemiological pattern of endemicity in 21 Latin American countries. Researchers and managers from endemic and non-endemic countries point to the need to adopt comprehensive public health policies to effectively control the interhuman transmission of T. cruzi infection, and to obtain an optimized level of care for already infected individuals, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic opportunistic opportunities. nbsp; Pathogenic and pathophysiological mechanisms of the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease were revisited after in-depth updating and the notion that necrosis and fibrosis are stimulated by tissue parasitic persistence and adverse immune reaction, as fundamental mechanisms, assisted by autonomic and microvascular disorders, was well established. Some of them have recently formed potential targets of therapies.nbsp; The natural history of the acute and chronic phases was reviewed, with enhancement for oral transmission, indeterminate form and chronic syndromes. Recent meta-analyses of observational studies have estimated the risk of evolution from acute and indeterminate forms and mortality after chronic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches applicable to individuals with Indeterminate form of Chagas disease were specifically addressed. All methods to detect structural and/or functional alterations with various cardiac imaging techniques were also reviewed, with recommendations for use in various clinical scenarios. Mortality risk stratification based on the Rassi score, with recent studies of its application, was complemented by methods that detect myocardial fibrosis.nbsp; The current methodology for etiological diagnosis and the consequent implications of trypanonomic treatment deserved a comprehensive and in-depth approach. Also the treatment of patients at risk or with heart failure, arrhythmias and thromboembolic events, based on pharmacological and complementary resources, received special attention. Additional chapters supported the conducts applicable to several special contexts, including t. cruzi/HIV co-infection, risk during surgeries, in pregnant women, in the reactivation of infection after heart transplantation, and others.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp; Finally, two chapters of great social significance, addressing the structuring of specialized services to care for individuals with the Cardiomyopathy of Chagas disease, and reviewing the concepts of severe heart disease and its medical-labor implications completed this guideline.

Esta diretriz teve como objetivo principal atualizar os conceitos e formular as normas de conduta e evidências científicas que as suportam, quanto ao diagnóstico e tratamento da CDC, com especial ênfase na base de racionalidade que a embasou. A DC no século XXI mantém padrão epidemiológico de endemicidade em 21 países da América Latina. Investigadores e gestores de países endêmicos e não endêmicos indigitam a necessidade de se adotarem políticas abrangentes, de saúde pública, para controle eficaz da transmissão inter-humanos da infecção pelo T. cruzi, e obter-se nível otimizado de atendimento aos indivíduos já infectados, com foco em oportunização diagnóstica e terapêutica. Mecanismos patogênicos e fisiopatológicos da CDC foram revisitados após atualização aprofundada e ficou bem consolidada a noção de que necrose e fibrose sejam estimuladas pela persistência parasitária tissular e reação imune adversa, como mecanismos fundamentais, coadjuvados por distúrbios autonômicos e microvasculares. Alguns deles recentemente constituíram alvos potenciais de terapêuticas. A história natural das fases aguda e crônica foi revista, com realce para a transmissão oral, a forma indeterminada e as síndromes crônicas. Metanálises recentes de estudos observacionais estimaram o risco de evolução a partir das formas aguda e indeterminada e de mortalidade após instalação da cardiomiopatia crônica. Condutas terapêuticas aplicáveis aos indivíduos com a FIDC foram abordadas especificamente. Todos os métodos para detectar alterações estruturais e/ou funcionais com variadas técnicas de imageamento cardíaco também foram revisados, com recomendações de uso nos vários cenários clínicos. Estratificação de risco de mortalidade fundamentada no escore de Rassi, com estudos recentes de sua aplicação, foi complementada por métodos que detectam fibrose miocárdica. A metodologia atual para diagnóstico etiológico e as consequentes implicações do tratamento tripanossomicida mereceram enfoque abrangente e aprofundado. Também o tratamento de pacientes em risco ou com insuficiência cardíaca, arritmias e eventos tromboembólicos, baseado em recursos farmacológicos e complementares, recebeu especial atenção. Capítulos suplementares subsidiaram as condutas aplicáveis a diversos contextos especiais, entre eles o da co-infecção por T. cruzi/HIV, risco durante cirurgias, em grávidas, na reativação da infecção após transplante cardíacos, e outros.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Por fim, dois capítulos de grande significado social, abordando a estruturação de serviços especializados para atendimento aos indivíduos com a CDC, e revisando os conceitos de cardiopatia grave e suas implicações médico-trabalhistas completaram esta diretriz.nbsp;

https://doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.4820

Temperatures and light regimes in the germination of Areca vestiaria and Areca triandra seeds
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Souza, Antonio Maricélio Borges de

; Ferreira, Kássia Barros

; Ferraz, Marcos Vieira

; Chioda, Larissa Benetasso

; Pivetta, Kathia Fernandes Lopes

Revista Ceres

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Set 2022, Volume 69 Nº 5 Páginas 619 - 627

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Propagation of palm trees is mainly by seeds and, in general, germination is uneven and slow, caused by several factors, such as temperature and light. We aimed to evaluate the effect of different temperature conditions and light regimes in the germination of Areca vestiaria and Areca triandra seeds. Two experiments were carried. The experimental design was completely randomized with a 5 × 2 factorial (temperature × light), with four replicates per treatment for the species A. vestiaria and five replications for A. triandra, with 25 e 20 seeds, respectively. The temperatures tested were 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 ºC and the light regimes were presence and absence of light. The germination percentage and germination speed index were evaluated. Analysis of variance was performed using the F Test, with subsequent comparison of the means using the Tukey test (α = 0.05). For both species, there were significant differences between the temperature conditions for the studied characteristics. It was concluded that temperatures of 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 25-35 ºC and 20-30 ºC are indicated for germination of seeds of the species Areca vestiaria and, 25-35 ºC for Areca triandra, being the seeds classified as neutral photoblastics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202269050016

OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF AN AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR AS A FUNCTION OF MIXTURE PROPORTIONS AND TYPE OF BIODIESEL
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Tavares, Marcos S.

; Camara, Felipe T. da

; Lopes, Afonso

; Pinto, Antonio A.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2022, Volume 42 Nº spe elocation e20220072

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The growing demand for clean energy aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the oil crises has encouraged the search for biofuels, among which biodiesel has stood out in the gradual replacement of diesel. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an agricultural tractor fueled with four types of biodiesels (peanut, sunflower, soybean, and waste frying oil) added to diesel at five proportions (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% biodiesel, that is, B0, B25, B50, B75, and B100, respectively). The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Biofuel and Machinery Testing at FCAV–UNESP. A Valtra BM100 4×2 FWD tractor with a power of 74 kW (100 hp) was used. The drawbar pull force (DF), displacement velocity (V), drawbar power (DP), volumetric fuel consumption (VC), weight fuel consumption (WC), and specific fuel consumption (SC) were studied. The factors did not influence DF, V, and DP. The proportion factor influenced (p<0.01) the volumetric fuel consumption, in which diesel S50 was 14% more efficient than B100. Weight fuel consumption was influenced by the type of biodiesel in the blend. Diesel had the lowest specific fuel consumption (328 g kW h−1). The biodiesel fraction showed a direct relationship with the consumption parameters, with sunflower showing the lowest WC value in the B75 and B100 blends.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v42nepe20220072/2022

Prediction of Brachiaria decumbens forage biomass using structural characteristics
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Conrado, Jefte A. de A.

; Lopes, Marcos N.

; Cândido, Magno J.D.

; Macedo, Vitor H.M.

; Silva, Valdson J. da

; Damasceno, Vitória G.

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Set 2021, Volume 81 Nº 3 Páginas 467 - 478

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Tools that generate models with good biomass predictive capacity are essential to maintain the sustainability of production systems. The objective was to analyze the relationship between forage biomass and structural variables and generate models to predict total forage biomass (TFB) and green leaf blade biomass (GLB). Irrigated pastures of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf ‘Basilisk’ were kept under rotational stocking with sheep (Ovis aries L.) The TFB, GLB, leaf area index (LAI), height (cm), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates: ten and five cycles of defoliation management, respectively, were used to generate and validate the stages of the models. The best goodness of fit was obtained by nonlinear models for both TFB and GLB, which can be confirmed by high Spearman’s correlations and significance (P < 0.0001). The path analysis showed low collinearity (42.60) between NDVI, LAI, and height; the high determination coefficient (R²) with values of 0.8421 and 0.7767 demonstrated their associations with TFB and GLB, respectively. Among the studied models to predict TFB and GLB, only exponentials using NDVI and power using LAI and height showed the best fit. In the validation stage, the models related to height exhibited the highest performance with 0.9531 (TFB) and 0.9638 (GLB) d-index, -2.3 (TFB) and -7.20 (GLB) bias, and 0.8532 (TFB) and 0.8932 (GLB) R². Only nonlinear models using height (cm) to predict TFB and GLB had the best practical application potential, thus ensuring efficiency in data collection.

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10.

Characterization of Brachiaria decumbens ‘Basilisk’ pasture subjected to flexible grazing by sheep
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Conrado, Jefte A. de A.

; Lopes, Marcos N.

; Cândido, Magno J.D.

; Santos-Neto, Clemente F. dos

; Morais, Leonardo F. de

; Torres, Antônia F.F.

; Nascimento, Dayanne R. do

; Carneiro, Maria S. de S.

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Set 2021, Volume 81 Nº 3 Páginas 338 - 350

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The sustainability of animal production on pasture is based on improving the management of forage species used, which ensures increase in animal productivity, pasture perenniality and cost reduction. The objective was to characterize productive, structural, physiological and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) responses of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf ‘Basilisk’ over the flexibilization of the grazing management adopted. Four defoliation combinations were evaluated, which consisted of the arrangement of two (85% and 95%) light interceptions (LI) and two (1.3 and 1.8) residual leaf area indexes (RLAI), as parameters of entry and exit of the animals from the pasture, respectively. Higher total forage biomass was observed (TFB, kg DM ha-1) 18.82%, when the canopy was managed at the lowest defoliation frequencies (95% LI), but with a higher morphological composition of the stem component and dead material. The 95% LI produced an extra layer of leaves than the canopy managed at 85% LI. The physiological variables were affected by the higher frequency of defoliation (85% LI), with lower photosynthetic rates. NDVI was higher in the canopy managed in the pre-grazing condition at 95% LI (0.88) and residual condition at 1.8 RLAI (0.49), when compared to 85% LI (0.86) and 1.3 RLAI (0.44). For greater production per animal, managing at 85% LI × 1.8 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.85 and 0.49, respectively, is the most suitable while for greater animal production per area, managing at 95% LI × 1.3 RLAI with pre-grazing and residual NDVI of 0.88 and 0.44, respectively, becomes more efficient.

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11.

Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Angina Instável e Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio sem Supradesnível do Segmento ST – 2021
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Nicolau, José Carlos

; Feitosa Filho, Gilson Soares

; Petriz, João Luiz

; Furtado, Remo Holanda de Mendonça

; Précoma, Dalton Bertolim

; Lemke, Walmor

; Lopes, Renato Delascio

; Timerman, Ari

; Marin Neto, José A.

; Bezerra Neto, Luiz

; Gomes, Bruno Ferraz de Oliveira

; Santos, Eduardo Cavalcanti Lapa

; Piegas, Leopoldo Soares

; Soeiro, Alexandre de Matos

; Negri, Alexandre Jorge de Andrade

; Franci, Andre

; Markman Filho, Brivaldo

; Baccaro, Bruno Mendonça

; Montenegro, Carlos Eduardo Lucena

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Barbosa, Carlos José Dornas Gonçalves

; Virgens, Cláudio Marcelo Bittencourt das

; Stefanini, Edson

; Manenti, Euler Roberto Fernandes

; Lima, Felipe Gallego

; Monteiro Júnior, Francisco das Chagas

; Correa Filho, Harry

; Pena, Henrique Patrus Mundim

; Pinto, Ibraim Masciarelli Francisco

; Falcão, João Luiz de Alencar Araripe

; Sena, Joberto Pinheiro

; Peixoto, José Maria

; Souza, Juliana Ascenção de

; Silva, Leonardo Sara da

; Maia, Lilia Nigro

; Ohe, Louis Nakayama

; Baracioli, Luciano Moreira

; Dallan, Luís Alberto de Oliveira

; Dallan, Luis Augusto Palma

; Mattos, Luiz Alberto Piva e

; Bodanese, Luiz Carlos

; Ritt, Luiz Eduardo Fonteles

; Canesin, Manoel Fernandes

; Rivas, Marcelo Bueno da Silva

; Franken, Marcelo

; Magalhães, Marcos José Gomes

; Oliveira Júnior, Múcio Tavares de

; Filgueiras Filho, Nivaldo Menezes

; Dutra, Oscar Pereira

; Coelho, Otávio Rizzi

; Leães, Paulo Ernesto

; Rossi, Paulo Roberto Ferreira

; Soares, Paulo Rogério

; Lemos Neto, Pedro Alves

; Farsky, Pedro Silvio

; Cavalcanti, Rafael Rebêlo C.

; Alves, Renato Jorge

; Kalil, Renato Abdala Karam

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Marino, Roberto Luiz

; Giraldez, Roberto Rocha Corrêa Veiga

; Meneghelo, Romeu Sérgio

; Lima, Ronaldo de Souza Leão

; Ramos, Rui Fernando

; Falcão, Sandra Nivea dos Reis Saraiva

; Dalçóquio, Talia Falcão

; Lemke, Viviana de Mello Guzzo

; Chalela, William Azem

; Mathias Júnior, Wilson

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Jul 2021, Volume 117 Nº 1 Páginas 181 - 264

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210180 3052 downloads

12.

Radiomic analysis of MRI to Predict Sustained Complete Response after Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma - A Pilot Study
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Horvat, Natally

; Araujo-Filho, Jose de Arimateia B.

; Assuncao-Jr, Antonildes N.

; Machado, Felipe Augusto de M.

; Sims, John A.

; Rocha, Camila Carlos Tavares

; Oliveira, Brunna Clemente

; Horvat, Joao Vicente

; Maccali, Claudia

; Puga, Anna Luísa Boschiroli Lamanna

; Chagas, Aline Lopes

; Menezes, Marcos Roberto

; Cerri, Giovanni Guido

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2888

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether quantitative textural features, extracted from pretreatment MRI, can predict sustained complete response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In this IRB-approved study, patients were selected from a maintained six-year database of consecutive patients who underwent both pretreatment MRI imaging with a probable or definitive imaging diagnosis of HCC (LI-RADS 4 or 5) and loco-regional treatment with RFA. An experienced radiologist manually segmented the hepatic nodules in MRI arterial and equilibrium phases to obtain the volume of interest (VOI) for extraction of 107 quantitative textural features, including shape and first- and second-order features. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between textural features and complete response. RESULTS: The study consisted of 34 patients with 51 treated hepatic nodules. Sustained complete response was achieved by 6 patients (4 with single nodule and 2 with multiple nodules). Of the 107 features from the arterial and equilibrium phases, 20 (18%) and 25 (23%) achieved AUC >0.7, respectively. The three best performing features were found in the equilibrium phase: Dependence Non-Uniformity Normalized and Dependence Variance (both GLDM class, with AUC of 0.78 and 0.76, respectively) and Maximum Probability (GLCM class, AUC of 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates that a radiomic analysis of pre-treatment MRI might be useful in identifying patients with HCC who are most likely to have a sustained complete response to RFA. Second-order features (GLDM and GLCM) extracted from equilibrium phase obtained highest discriminatory performance.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2888 224 downloads

13.

Implications of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of Rickettsia parkeri strain Atlantic rainforest and Rangelia vitalii in Southeastern Brazil
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Fournier, Gislene Fátima da Silva Rocha

; Pinter, Adriano

; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastian

; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

; Lopes, Marcos Gomes

; Martins, Thiago Fernandes

; Colácio, Luciana

; Môra, Cayo Rodrigo Santos

; Moraes-Filho, Jonas

; Dias, Ricardo Augusto

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 Nº 1 elocation e022419

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por Amblyomma ovale em 61 cães monitorados por três anos através de coletas de carrapatos, sangue, entrevistas, telemetria e armadilhas fotográficas foi avaliada em três áreas do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - SP. Amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para investigação de Rangelia vitalii através de PCR TaqMan em tempo real e Rickettsia parkeri através da RIFI. Carrapatos coletados foram submetidos à PCR convencional para investigação de R. parkeri . Estes dados foram comparados considerando os resultados do monitoramento e entrevistas. Cães de companhia apresentaram risco de infecção pela R. parkeri cepa Mata Atlântica 5,4 vezes maior que os não considerados como de companhia (p = 0,009). Cães que tiveram pelo menos um A. ovale coletado apresentaram risco de infecção por R. parkeri cepa Mata Atlântica 10 vezes maior do que aqueles que não tiveram (p = 0,009). Um cão positivo para R. vitalii através de PCR TaqMan em tempo real foi parasitado por A. ovale durante o monitoramento. Amostras positivas para o gene ompaA possuíam 100% de identidade do clone As106 de R. parkeri cepa de Mata Atlântica. Assim, é urgente o controle de cães na Mata Atlântica para redução dos riscos de zoonoses.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of diseases transmitted by Amblyomma ovale in 61 dogs monitored for three years through collections of ticks and blood, interviews, telemetry and camera traps in three areas of Serra do Mar State Park, Brazil. Blood samples were used to investigate infection by Rangelia vitalii by real-time TaqMan PCR and Rickettsia parkeri by IIFA. The collected ticks were submitted to conventional PCR to investigate the presence of R. parkeri . These data were compared with the monitoring results and interviews with the owners. Dogs considered as companion presented a risk of infection by R. parkeri strain Mata Atlantica 5.4 times higher than those not considered as companion (p = 0.009). Dogs that had at least one A. ovale collected during the campaigns had a 10 times higher risk of infection by R. parkeri strain Mata Atlantica than those who did not (p = 0.009). One dog positive for R. vitalii by real-time TaqMan PCR was parasitized by A. ovale frequently during monitoring. Sequenced ompaA - positive DNA samples had 100% identity of R. parkeri strain Mata Atlantica clone As106. From the findings, it is urgent to control domestic dogs around rainforests to reduce zoonoses transmission.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020003 912 downloads

14.

Geostatistics applied to the environmental mapping of aviaries
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Lopes, Iug

; Silva, Marcos V. da

; Melo, Juliana M. M. de

; Montenegro, Abelardo A. de A.

; Pandorfi, Héliton

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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2020, Volume 24 Nº 6 Páginas 409 - 414

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A análise da variabilidade espacial dos elementos meteorológicos e identificação precisa de possíveis causas de estresse térmico no alojamento das aves, auxiliam os produtores no processo de tomada de decisão. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o ambiente interno de aviários no vazio sanitário e na fase de produção, para caracterização da variabilidade térmica espacial e identificação de pontos críticos de controle. O estudo foi realizado no Vale Aluvial do Rio Mimoso, município de Pesqueira, PE, Brasil. Os dados de temperatura do ar, velocidade do vento e iluminância foram registrados no mês de novembro (primavera), em 155 pontos dentro de cada instalação avícola (10 x 90 m), espaçados por malha de 3,0 x 2,5 m e submetidos a análise estatística descritiva e geoestatística. Ocorreu forte dependência espacial para as variáveis temperatura do ar, velocidade do vento e iluminância. Os alcances obtidos para a temperatura do ar nas instalações foram de 48,22 a 114,52 m, enquanto que para a velocidade do vento e a iluminância foram menores que 10 m, revelando assim, a necessidade de maior homogeneidade das variáveis estudadas e atendimento da exigência térmica das aves.

ABSTRACT Spatial variability analysis of meteorological elements and precise identification of possible causes of thermal stress in poultry housing help producers in the decision making process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal environment of poultry houses in the downtime (sanitary void) and in the production phase, to characterize spatial thermal variability and to identify critical control points. The study was carried out in the Alluvial Valley of the Mimoso River, municipality of Pesqueira, PE, Brazil. The data of air temperature, wind speed and illuminance were recorded in November (spring season), at 155 points within each poultry facility (10 x 90 m), spaced in a 3.0 x 2.5 m grid and subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistics. There was a strong spatial dependence for the variables air temperature, wind speed and illuminance. The ranges obtained for the air temperature in the facilities were from 48.22 to 114.52 m, while for the wind speed and illuminance were less than 10 m, thus revealing the need for greater homogeneity of the studied variables and meeting of the thermal requirement of the poultry.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p409-414 525 downloads

15.

Actividad antimutagénica e identificación de compuestos antioxidantes en la planta Poincianella bracteosa (Fabaceae)
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Couto, Anna Catharina Feitosa

; Araújo, Irlana Karen de Pinho

; Lopes, Alyne Pereira

; Couto, Luciana Maria Fortes Magalhães Castelo Branco

; Santos, Pedro Igor Barros

; Sousa, Regina Maria Silva

; Costa, Maria Wlly da Silva

; Nascimento, Francisco Danilo Fernandes do

; Oliveira, Maria das Dores Alves de

; Costa Júnior, Joaquim Soares da

; Martins, Francielle Alline

; Almeida, Pedro Marcos

Revista de Biología Tropical

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Dez 2019, Volume 67 Nº 6 Páginas 1103 - 1113

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz. (Fabaceae), conocida como catingueira, es tradicionalmente utilizada en la medicina para tratar diarrea, hepatitis y anemia. Sin embargo, no hay estudios sobre los efectos tóxico genéticos de la P. bracteosa. Objetivo: En el presente estudio se tuvo como objetivo investigar el perfil fitoquímico y el potencial mutagénico y antimutagénico del extracto acuoso de la cáscara de P. bracteosa en Allium cepa y Mus musculus. Métodos: El extracto de la cáscara fue diluido en agua destilada para fornecer las cuatro concentraciones (2, 4, 8 y 16 mg/ml) utilizadas en el bioensayo A. cepa y las tres dosis (10, 20 y 40 mg / Kg) fueron administradas a los ratones (5 animales por grupo). El perfil fito-químico fue realizado por el test colorimétrico para identificar los principales metabólitos secundarios en el extracto de la cáscara. Tras el tratamiento, 5 000 células meristemáticas fueron analizadas para determinar el índice mitótico, el promedio de alteraciones cromosómicas y el porcentaje de reducción de daños. Para ratones, tras 24, 48 y 72 h, la sangre de la cola de cada animal fue recolectado para la preparación de dos láminas por animal. Para cada animal, 2 000 eritrocitos normocromáticos por ratón fueron evaluados para establecer el número de micronúcleos y el efecto protector. Se analizaron los dados por el test de Kruskal-Wallis (P < 0.05). El estudio fito-químico del extracto detectó azúcares reductores y taninos. Resultados: Ninguna de las concentraciones del extracto fue citotóxica y en todos los tratamientos (pre, simultáneo y después) fue observado el efecto citoprotetor en A. cepa. El promedio total de las alteraciones cromosómicas en todas las concentraciones apuntó actividad no mutagénica de la cáscara. El porcentaje de reducción del daño fue observada en los tratamientos pre (de 77.6 al 90.5 %), simultáneo (del 95.6 al 114.7 %) y tras (de 84.8 al 117.7 %). En los ratones, ninguna de las dosis del extracto presentó efecto mutagénico y el porcentaje de reducción del daño osciló de -21.2 al 78.6 % (pre); de 27.5 al 101.3 % (simultánea) y de 85.5 al 120.6 % (tras-tratamiento). Probablemente, los fito-químicos presentes en el extracto no interfirieron en el ciclo celular (A. cepa), tampoco causaron daños al DNA (A. cepa y ratones) y presentaron efecto protector en las dos especies estudiadas. Los datos observados apuntan la importancia del extracto de la cáscara de P. bracteosa para inhibición del daño y quimio prevención. Sin embargo, más estudios deben ser realizados para garantizar su efecto protector sobre el material genético.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P. Queiroz. (Fabaceae), known as catingueira, is traditionally used in medicine to treat diarrhea, hepatitis and anemia. However, there are no studies on their toxicogenetic effects. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile as well as the mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of P. bracteosa aqueous bark extract in Allium cepa and Mus musculus. Methods: The extract from barks was diluted in distilled water to yield the four concentrations (2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) used in the A. cepa bioassay and the three doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg) administered to the mice (five animals per group). The phytochemical profile was performed by the colorimetric test to identify the main secondary metabolites in the bark extract. After treatment, five-thousand meristematic cells were analyzed to determine the mitotic index, the mean number of chromosome alterations and the percentage of damage reduction. For mice, after 24, 48 and 72 h, tail blood was collected from each animal for the preparation of two slides per animal. For each animal, 2 000 normochromatic erythrocytes per mice were evaluated to establish the number of micronuclei and the protective effect. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05). Results: The phytochemical analysis of the extract detected reducing sugars and tannins. None of the concentrations of extract was cytotoxic and the cytoprotective effect was observed in A. cepa for all treatments (pre-, simultaneous and post-). The total mean of chromosome alterations in all concentrations indicated a non-mutagenic activity of the bark. The percentage of damage reduction was observed in the pre- (77.6 to 90.5 %), simultaneous (95.6 to 114.7 %) and post- (84.8 to 117.7 %) treatments. In mice, none of the dosages of extract presented mutagenic effect and the percentage of damage reduction varied from -21.16 to 78.63 % (pre-); from 27.51 to 101.28 % (simultaneous) and from 85.47 to 120.63 % (post-treatment). Conclusions: Probably, the phytochemicals in the extract did not interfere with the cell cycle (A. cepa) nor caused damage to the DNA (A. cepa and mice), and exhibited protective effect in both studied species. The observed data indicate the importance of P. bracteosa bark extract for the inhibition of damage and chemoprevention. However, more studies should be carried out to ensure its protective effect on the genetic material.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i6.33883

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