A novel tungsten carbide (WC)-reinforced nickel (Ni)-based laser cladding layer was prepared through an in-situ synthesis process. The mechanism of the effect of scanning rates and laser power on the microstructures, wear and corrosion resistance of in-situ synthesized WC-reinforced Ni-based cladding layer were analyzed. The results revealed that the optimal in-situ synthesized WC laser cladding process entailed a scan rate of 3 mm/s and a laser power of 3000 W. The generation of WC phase has a significant strengthening effect on the cladding layer, which exhibits outstanding hardness (1261HV0.2). There is no clear linear relationship between scanning rate and abrasion resistance, and the coating abrasion resistance increased with increasing laser power. Furthermore, increasing the laser power improves the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer, while the scanning speed has a minimal effect on corrosion resistance. WCreinforced reinforced Nibased Ni based insitu in situ microstructures analyzed mms mm s 300 W 1261HV0.2. 1261HV02 HV 1261HV0.2 . 1261HV0 2 (1261HV0.2) Furthermore 30 1261HV0. 1261HV (1261HV0.2 (1261HV0. (1261HV0 (1261HV

ABSTRACT The fabrication technology of SLM forming Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy is widely used in the lightweight structure design of spacecraft. However, there is a need to optimize the process parameters and heat treatment process. The study analyses the process parameters of SLM on the forming density, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results show that the influence of laser power on the relative density is the greatest, followed by the scanning distance, and the scanning speed is the least. The optimal process parameters of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr are obtained as follows: the laser energy density is 130–140 J/mm3, laser power is 360 W, scanning speed is 1100 mm/s, and scanning spacing is 80 μm. Finally, samples with an average pore size of 15 μm and a relative induced density of 99.9% were obtained. On this basis, the effects of different annealing systems on the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. Due to a large amount of second-phase precipitation in the remelting zone, the edge of the molten pool and the bottom, it has a pinning effect, which effectively inhibits recrystallization and grain growth during liquid phase solidification, and no abnormal grain growth occurs during the annealing process. The results show that after low-temperature annealing with 325°C insulation for 4 h, the mechanical properties were significantly enhanced and the maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the sample could reach 524.89 MPa, the maximum yield strength (YS) of the annealed sample can reach 506.01 MPa, the elongation rate of the annealed sample can reach 5.24%, the dimples and defects at the fracture interface were significantly reduced after annealing. AlMgScZr Al Mg Sc Zr spacecraft However greatest distance least follows 130140 130 140 130–14 Jmm3 Jmm J mm3 mm J/mm3 36 W 110 mms s mm/s 8 Finally 1 999 99 9 99.9 basis studied secondphase second zone bottom effect solidification lowtemperature low temperature 325C C 325 h UTS (UTS 52489 524 89 524.8 MPa YS (YS 50601 506 01 506.0 5 24 5.24% 13014 13 14 130–1 J/mm 3 11 99. 32 5248 52 524. 5060 50 0 506. 2 5.24 1301 130– 5.2 5.

In this paper, the multi-layer multi-pass welding process was used to weld 115mm 08Cr9W3Co3VNbCuBN (G115) steel pipe, the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) was used in root pass welding, subsequent welding by dynamic hot wire gas tungsten arc welding (TIP TIG) welding method, while the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of 770°C × 10h was carried out afterward. The microstructure and mechanical properties of different zones of the welded joint were analyzed by OM, SEM, XRD, microhardness and impact tests. The results showed that the ferrite and martensite were observed in the weld metal (WM), the fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) consisting of prior austenitic grain boundaries (PAGBs) and martensite, and more precipitates including coarse M23C6 carbides with fine MX-type carbonitrides were observed inside the grain boundaries and grains. The hardness distribution patterns along different locations (Cover, Fill, Root) on the welded joint cross-section were the same, from base metal (BM) to WM hardness gradually increased, and WM hardness was the highest. WM impact toughness was worse than HAZ, impact fracture mode was a mixed tough-brittle fracture but biased towards brittle fracture. paper multilayer multi layer multipass mm CrWCoVNbCuBN Cr W Co VNbCuBN G115 G (G115 pipe GTAW (GTAW TIP TIG method postweld post PWHT (PWHT 770C C 770 h afterward OM SEM XRD tests WM, , (WM) finegrained grained heataffected affected FGHAZ (FGHAZ coarsegrained CGHAZ (CGHAZ PAGBs (PAGBs MC M M23C MXtype MX type grains Cover, Cover (Cover Fill Root crosssection cross section same BM (BM increased highest HAZ toughbrittle tough G11 (G11 77 (WM G1 (G1 7 (G

Abstract Total flavonoids were extracted from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) by applying microwave-assisted extraction with low eutectic solvent (DES) as the extractant. This study investigated the effect of 21 different components of DES on the yield of total flavonoids in ZSS. The results revealed that the DES system, which consists of choline chloride and lactic acid with a molar ratio of 2:1, achieved the best flavonoid extraction efficiency. Based on the single-factor test, response surface methodology was used to optimize and determine the optimal process conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids from ZSS with deep eutectic solvent. The maximum flavonoids yields were achieved at 36.24 mg/g within the 50% DES water content, a microwave power of 600 W, a microwave time of 60 s, a liquid-solid ratio of 1:28 mg/mL, an extraction time of 66 min, and an extraction temperature of 93 °C. The macroporous resin was used to recover flavonoids from extracts. The DM130 resin showed higher adsorption/desorption performance. The total flavonoids of ZSS were extracted using the recovered DES with a yield of 32.58 mg/g and a high reusability of 89.9%. (ZSS microwaveassisted assisted (DES extractant 2 system 21, 1, 1 2:1 efficiency singlefactor single factor test 3624 36 24 36.2 mgg mg g 50 content W 6 s liquidsolid liquid solid 128 28 1:2 mgmL mL mg/mL min 9 C °C extracts DM DM13 adsorptiondesorption adsorption desorption performance 3258 32 58 32.5 899 89 89.9% 2: 362 3 36. 5 12 1: DM1 325 32. 8 89.9 89.

Abstract Objective Abnormal complement activation is associated with periodontitis. W54011 is a novel non-peptide C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) that exhibits favorable anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. However, whether W54011 inhibits periodontitis has not yet been fully elucidated. To address this, we have investigated the probable anti-inflammatory mechanism of W54011 in LPS-treated inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methodology HGFs were isolated from healthy gingival tissue samples using the tissue block method and were identified with immunofluorescence staining. The CCK8 assay and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to select the optimal induction conditions for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5aRA (according to supplementary data S1, S2 and S3). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, C5aR, and the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways were determined by RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Immunofluorescence results showed that vimentin and FSP-1 were positive in HGFs and Keratin was negative in HGFs. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that C5aRA inhibited LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of p-p65. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that C5aRA reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, C5aR, p-p65, p-IκBα, p-JNK, p-c-JUN, and TLR4 in LPS-induced HGFs. Conclusion These findings suggested that C5aRA attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced HGFs by blocking the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. W W5401 nonpeptide non peptide CaR C aR CaRA aRA (C5aRA antiinflammatory anti models However elucidated this LPStreated LPS treated . (HGFs) CCK transcriptionPCR transcription RTPCR RT (RT-PCR (LPS according S1 S S3. S3 S3) NFκB/MAPK NFκBMAPK NF κB/MAPK κB RTquantitative quantitative RTqPCR qPCR (RT-qPCR FSP1 FSP 1 FSP- LPSstimulated stimulated pp65. pp65 pp p p65. p65 p-p65 IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α pp65, p65, pIκBα, pIκBα IκBα, IκBα p-IκBα pJNK, pJNK JNK, JNK p-JNK pcJUN, pcJUN c JUN, JUN p-c-JUN TLR LPSinduced induced NFκB W540 (HGFs κBMAPK pp6 p6 p-p6 IL- W54 p-p W5

Abstract Objectives: Although miR-653-5p has been validated to participate in the progression of multiple types of cancer, the functional role of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Laryngeal Papilloma (LP) has still remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the role of MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p in LP. Methods: LP tissues (n = 15) and adjacent normal tissues (n = 10) were collected to examine the expression level of miR-653-5p. The expression level of miR-653-5p in LP cells and normal cells was also detected. Then, miR-653-5p was overexpressed or silenced to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Thereafter, the effects of exosomal miR-653-5p derived from MSCs on LP cell progression and the potential regulatory mechanism of miR-653-5p were assessed. Results: It was revealed that the expression level of miR-653-5p was downregulated in LP tissues and cells. In addition, miR-653-5p suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LP cells. Exosomes derived from MSCs played a suppressive role in LP development and mediated the transmission of miR-653-5p to LP cells. Further exploration identified Basic leucine Zipper and W2 domains 2 (BZW2) as the target of miR-653-5p. More importantly, the rescue experiments revealed that MSCs-secreted exosomal miR-653-5p efficiently inhibited the aggressive phenotypes of LP cells, which could be significantly reversed by BZW2 overexpression in LP cells. Conclusion: MSCs-derived exosomal miR-653-5p exerted inhibitory effects on LP progression through targeting BZW2, which provided a novel idea for the therapy of LP. Clinical Trial registration number: chictr-ior-17011021. Objectives miR6535p miRp miR 653 5p p cancer (MSCs (LP elusive Hence MSCsderived Methods n 15 10 miR6535p. 5p. detected Then proliferation migration invasion Thereafter assessed Results addition W BZW (BZW2 importantly MSCssecreted secreted Conclusion number chictrior17011021. chictrior17011021 chictrior chictr ior 17011021. 17011021 chictr-ior-17011021 65 1 (BZW chictrior1701102 1701102 chictr-ior-1701102 6 chictrior170110 170110 chictr-ior-170110 chictrior17011 17011 chictr-ior-17011 chictrior1701 1701 chictr-ior-1701 chictrior170 170 chictr-ior-170 chictrior17 17 chictr-ior-17 chictrior1 chictr-ior-1 chictr-ior- chictr-ior

ABSTRACT Chicken abdominal fat (AF) is an economically important trait, and many studies have been conducted on genetic selection for AF. However, previous studies have focused on detecting functional chromosome mutations or regions using gene chips. The present study used the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on purebred Wengshang Barred chicken. A total of 1,286,715 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected, and 175,211 SNPs were selected as candidate SNPs for genome-wide association analysis using TASSEL general linear models. Two SNPs markers reached genome-wide significance. Of these, rs7943847, rs127627362 were significantly associated with AF at 120 days. These SNPs are close to eight genes (SLC16A6, ARSG, WIPI1, PRKAR1A, FAM20A, ABCA8, ABCA9, CPQ,). These results would enrich the studies on AF and promote the use of Chinese chicken, especially the Wenshang Barred chicken.

ABSTRACT The effects of plant essential oil (PEO) on the production performance and immune function of laying hens were evaluated to provide theoretical basis for promoting the natural plant extracts. Eight thousand 1-day-old healthy laying hens were randomly divided into a control group or PEO group, with four replicates per treatment and 1000 hens per replicate. The PEO diet was supplemented with 3g/kg plant extract. Diets were fed for 56 days. The tibia length and keel length were detected on an empty stomach at the end of the trial. Blood samples were collected on the 28th and 56th days to detect the level of C3, C4, IL-1, IL-2, IL-17 and immunoglobulin in the serum. The results showed that, compared with the control, PEO supplementation significantly increased the weight gain rate (WGR) at the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 7th week (p<0.05), and decreased the WGR at the 3rd and 6th week. The tibial length was significantly increased at the 3rd, 5th, 6th and 7th week (p<0.01), and also the keel length at the 5th and 7th week in PEO group. The concentration of IgG and IgM also significantly influenced with PEO supplementation, but there was no significant difference in the complements, C3 and C4, and the IL levels between days 28 and 56. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in body weight and immune organ on day 56. Therefore, we conclude that the addition of PEO could improve the production performance and immune function in laying hens.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the intestinal mucosal structure and immune cells of broilers infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. 160 1-d-old commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly selected to receive one of four treatments, each of which had 5 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 8 chicks subjected to a 21-d feeding trial. Group I served as the unchallenged (CON). All birds in groups II (SCC) - IV were challenged with 2.0 × 104 CFU/mL of S. Enteritidis. The birds in groups III and IV were treated with 0.5% and 1.0% Gln. The results showed that S. Enteritidis infection led to a decrease in the relative length and weight, villus height:crypt depth (VH:CD) of the jejunum and ileum, the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and number of goblet cells and an increase in the number of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the CON group (p<0.05). In addition, the Gln groups had increased relative length and weight, VH:CD of the jejunum and ileum, numbers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cells, and numbers of goblet cells and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum and numbers of mast goblet cells compared with the measurements of these parameters in the SCC group (p<0.05). It was concluded that Gln added to broiler diets can effectively alleviate the intestinal mucosal damage caused by S. Enteritidis infection and improve its normal defense barrier function.

ABSTRACT Heat stress induces oxidative stress, and reduces body antioxidant metabolite levels, which can affect poultry production performance. Dietary antioxidants protect birds against the adverse effects of heat stress. The effects of increasing concentrations of dietary curcumin on the antioxidant parameters of layers maintained under high-temperature conditions for nine weeks were evaluated. Roman laying hens (n = 336, 22 weeks old, 1420 g BW) were divided into three treatment groups. The first group served as a thermoneutral control (kept at 25 ± 1 °C). The second group was exposed to high temperatures (32 ± 1 °C, 6 h/d), given a basal diet. The third group was further divided into five treatment groups (100, 150, 200, 250, 300 mg/kg Curcumin) fed a basal diet (treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5) under high temperatures conditions (32 ± 1 °C, 6 hours/day). As a result of this study, total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in H2 and H3 groups, and total antioxidant capacity was higher in H2, H3, and H5 groups. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the H3 group. Malondialdehyde concentration was lowered in curcumin supplemented hens compared with control groups hens. Laying hens in all curcumin treatment groups had slightly higher activities of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, and T-AOC in the liver, heart, and lungs, compared with heat stressed control group. It was concluded that dietary curcumin given to laying hens under heat stress may enhance their antioxidant status, and alleviate the detrimental effects of stressful environmental conditions.

RESUMEN Se utilizó el método de covarianza eddy para medir los flujos de energía en un arrozal con ahorro de agua de riego en la Llanura del Sur de China, durante la etapa de crecimiento del arroz en 2013. También se analiza la respuesta del balance de energía superficial al cambio de almacenamiento térmico en el suelo entre las placas de flujo térmico enterradas a una profundidad específica y la superficie, y la corrección del desfase de los componentes del balance de energía, por medio de tres métodos estadísticos: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO), proporción del balance de energía (PBE) y remanente del balance de energía (D). Los resultados muestran que la curva de los MCO se incrementó 8.8% en promedio y el PBE medio diario aumentó 0.5% después de considerar el cambio en el almacenamiento térmico del suelo. El rango de las magnitudes de D registradas cada media hora varía de -129-260 W m−2 a -102-194 W m−2, y los valores absolutos de D decrecieron 9.9% en promedio. Tomando en cuenta la fase de corrección, el incremento en los coeficientes de regresión de los MCO (con un promedio de 11.3%) y el decremento de D en las mediciones realizadas cada media hora (que van de -61 a 176 W m−2), ambos indicaron que la corrección de la fase de desplazamiento mejoró el cierre del balance de energía superficial en escalas de media hora, especialmente entre el amanecer y el mediodía, pero careció de utilidad en la escala diaria. Esto indica que ambos métodos son útiles para mejorar el grado del cierre del balance de energía, representado en diferentes escalas temporales con un índice de evaluación adecuado. Es necesario realizar investigaciones ulteriores que presten mayor atención a otros aspectos de la corrección.

ABSTRACT The eddy covariance technique was used to measure the energy fluxes of a paddy field under water-saving irrigation in the South China Plain for the stage of rice growth in 2013. This study analyzed the energy balance components and evaluated the energy balance closure. The study also discussed the response of surface energy balance to the change in soil heat storage between the heat flux plates buried at a specific depth and the surface, and the phase shift correction of energy balance components, by using three different statistical methods, namely ordinary least squares (OLS), energy balance ratio (EBR), and energy balance residual (D). The results showed that the OLS slope increased by an average of 8.8%, and the mean daily EBR increased by 5.0% after considering the change in soil heat storage. The range of half-hourly D over a four-month period decreased from -129 - 260 W m−2 to -102 - 194 W m−2, and the absolute value of D decreased by 9.9% on the average. Considering the phase correction, the increase in OLS regression coefficients with an average of 11.3% and the decrease in half-hourly D, ranging from -61 to 176 W m−2, both indicated that phase shift correction improved the surface energy balance closure at the half-hourly scale, specifically in the period from sunrise to noon, but had no use in the daily scale. Thus, the two correction methods are useful in improving the degree of energy balance closure shown in different temporal scales with proper evaluation index. Moreover, further research should be given with more attention for other correction aspects.

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in various industrial products and is often detected in wastewater effluent. Comparison was made for triclosan degradation by photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis (under UV irradiation (125 W)) based on analysis of transformation products, together with ecotoxicity evaluation. The morphology of the TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). Triclosan quantitation was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal condition was obtained using a response surface model and desirability profile. The initial concentration of triclosan used in all the experiments was 10 mg L-1 to achieve comprehensive identification of transformation products. The optimal experimental condition was 30 mg L-1 TiO2 at pH 10. The photocatalytic system achieved > 99% triclosan degradation at 30 min of reaction. The mineralization rates by photolysis and photocatalysis were 25 and 90%, respectively. A total of 27 transformation products were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS), being that 25 were new structures, not previously reported in the literature. Ecotoxicity assays demonstrated that triclosan and some of the major transformation products did not cause deleterious effects towards Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna after 16 h of treatment. 5chloro22,4dichlorophenoxyphenol 5chloro224dichlorophenoxyphenol chlorodichlorophenoxyphenol 5 chloro 2 2,4 dichlorophenoxy phenol 4 (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol effluent TiO under 125 (12 W W) evaluation Xray X ray XRD (XRD gunscanning gun scanning FEGSEM. FEGSEM FEG SEM . (FEG-SEM) HPLC. HPLC (HPLC) profile 1 L1 L L- 3 99 reaction 90 90% respectively QTOF MS, MS , MS) structures literature treatment 5chloro22 4dichlorophenoxyphenol dichlorophenoxyphenol 24 2, 12 (1 (FEG-SEM (HPLC 9 5chloro2 ( 5chloro

ABSTRACT To identify what makes insulin have an activating or inhibiting role in gluconeogenesis in goose hepatocytes and whether insulin regulates PEPCK and G6Pase through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway or not, goose primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. After 12h cultured in serum-free medium, hepatocytes were incubated for 24 h in the medium with no addition (control) or with the addition of50, 100, and 150 nM of insulin, 1000 nM NVP-BEZ235, or co-addition of 150nM insulin and 1000nM NVP-BEZ235. Glucose concentration and PEPCK and G6Pase expression were determined. The results showed that PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA levels and activities were up regulated in the 50, 100, and 150nM insulin treatments, while glucose concentration was not significantly altered (p> 0.05). Compared with the activation role of 150nM insulin alone, the co-treatment with1000nM NVP-BEZ235 and 150nM insulin significantly down regulated PEPCK mRNA level and G6Pase protein activity (p< 0.05). However, there is a different result on mRNA level of G6Pase. In conclusion, G6Pase and PEPCK are up regulated by insulin through PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway in goose hepatocytes. However, G6Pase mRNA and protein levels may be regulated by insulin through different signaling pathways.

Zinc deficiency is a worldwide nutritional constraint for crop production in many types of soil, particularly in cereals growing in calcareous soil. Two field trials were conducted to study the effects of zinc fertilizer doses and application method on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of summer maize, from June to September of 2013, in Xun County (34º40,12” N, 114º32,24”E) and Yuzhou County (33º59,19”N, 113º33,47”E). Optimal Zn fertilizer application (30 kgZnSO4·7H2O hm-2) increased chlorophyll content in leaves, improved photosynthesis, and increased grain yield of summer maize. At 15 kg ZnSO4·7H2O hm-2, grain yield was higher in Xun County and lower in Yuzhou County when the entire amount was applied as basal fertilization as opposed to being split between the basal and foliar fertilization. The opposite result (grain yield lower in Xun County than in Yuzhou County) was obtained at 30 kg ZnSO4·7H2O hm-2. These results have important implications for guiding the rational application of Zn fertilizer and improving the grain yield of summer maize in Henan province.

En esta investigación se optimizaron las condiciones de extracción de flavonoides a partir de Physalis alkekengi var. Franchetii, asistida por microondas, usando un diseño L3³ Box-Behenke. Las condiciones determinadas fueron etanol 60%, la relación líquido:sólido fue de 12.4 y se usaron 531.4 W para el microondas. El rendimiento obtenido fue de 3.85 mg g-1, el cual es cercano al valor predicho. El extracto obtenido inhibe de forma importante la actividad de la acetilcoliestearasa, con una IC50 de 11.61 µg mL-1 y una inhibición máxima de 89.91%. Estos resultados son mejores que los obtenidos con el compuesto obtenido mediante extracción por reflujo.

The microwave-assisted extraction conditions of flavonoids in Physalis alkekengi. var. franchetii stems were optimized using a L3³ Box-Behnken Design. The optimized extraction conditions were determined as follows: 60% for the ethanol concentration, 12.4 for the liquid-to-solid ratio, and 531.4 W for the microwave power, respectively. The yield of the extract obtained under the optimized conditions was 3.85 mg g-1 which was close to the predicted value. In addition, the extract exhibited potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, with the IC50 value of 11.61 μg mL-1 and a maximal inhibition ratio 89.81%. Both the yield and activity were better than reflux extraction.