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Bridging imagination and strategy in SMEs: The role of ideas and strategy in SME performance
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Gustina, Adin Liu, Jane S. Indartono, Setyabudi Laili, Nindya N.

Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management

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2025, Volume 17 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 9

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Ideas have become the new battleground for small and medium enterprises' (SME) success. In the digital age, competition is no longer focussed on information but on how they can compete to generate inventive ideas. AIM: This study investigates the impact of founders' imaginativeness on SME performance. The mediating influence of strategic flexibility, moderating SME resources and intra-organisational knowledge sharing determines the relationship between imaginativeness and SME performance. SETTING: The evolving landscape of competition in the digital age, where the ability to generate innovative ideas has become paramount for SMEs. Recognising the significance of founders' imaginativeness in driving business performance, the study seeks to delve deeper into this relationship. METHODS: The study employed a quantitative approach to investigate the relationship between founder imaginativeness and SME performance, utilizing data from 98 Indonesian SMEs. RESULTS: The findings indicate that founder imaginativeness is one of the important points in SME performance. Furthermore, strategic flexibility mediates the impact of imaginativeness on SME performance, whereas intra-organisational knowledge sharing and resources moderate the impact of imaginativeness on SME performance. CONCLUSION: The findings offer practical insights for SMEs navigating the digital age, highlighting the importance of fostering founder imaginativeness. enhancement strategies. Using a psychoanalysis lens and a combination of several theories, this study emphasises the significance of fostering a culture conducive to imaginative thinking and knowledge sharing within SMEs. CONTRIBUTION: By cultivating a culture that values creativity, collaboration, and continuous learning, SMEs can create an environment that fosters innovation and long-term success, driving organisational performance and growth.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v17i1.909

Digital literacy and online learning satisfaction among junior high school students: A moderated mediation model
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Liu, Xue-zhi Wu, Jian-xiao Li, Bing-bing Guo, Ling-jing Ye, Bao-juan

South African Journal of Education

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Nov 2024, Volume 44 Nº 4 Páginas 1 - 10

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

To explore the mechanism among digital literacy, online learning satisfaction, online learning engagement, and parents' educational expectations, a survey-based quantitative research approach was adopted to collect data. A total of 916 Chinese junior high school students completed an online questionnaire that included the digital literacy scale, online learning engagement scale, perceived parental expectation (PPE) scale, and satisfaction with online learning scale. The analysis of the moderated mediation model revealed several key findings: (1) digital literacy had a positive correlation with online learning engagement and online learning satisfaction; (2) online learning engagement mediated the relationship between digital literacy and online learning satisfaction; (3) parents' educational expectations moderated the first half path (i.e., the association between digital literacy and online learning engagement) of the mediating effect. In other words, the relationship between digital literacy and online learning satisfaction could be characterised as a moderated mediated model. More measures should be taken to improve junior high school students' digital literacy and express parents' educational expectations appropriately to promote the quality of online learning.

https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v44n4a2562

Bariatric and general surgical procedures in obese patients with a history of venous thromboembolism and concurrent anticoagulation therapy
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Howell, Raelina S. Liu, Helen H. Brathwaite, Barbara M. Petrone, Patrizio Akerman, Meredith Brathwaite, Collin E. M.

Cirugía y cirujanos

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Ago 2024, Volume 92 Nº 4 Páginas 475 - 480

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: Examinar el uso y los resultados de la anticoagulación perioperatoria en pacientes bariátricos con antecedentes de tromboembolia venosa (TEV). Método: Revisión retrospectiva (base de datos prospectiva) de pacientes sometidos a cirugía general y bariátrica (1/2008-12/2017). Se evaluaron datos demográficos, detalles quirúrgicos y resultados. Resultados: Sesenta y cinco pacientes se sometieron a 76 procedimientos: 46 mujeres (71%), edad media 51 años (rango: 26-73), peso medio 284 libras (rango: 110-558), índice de masa corporal medio 45 (rango: 19-87). Comorbilidad: hipertensión (60%), enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (54%), osteoartritis (49%), apnea obstructiva del sueño (45%), diabetes (37%). Operaciones: 22 cirugía general (29%), 20 gastrectomías en manga (26%), 12 revisiones/conversiones (16%), 12 Y-de-Roux (16%), 10 bandas gástricas (13%). Modalidades: 67% laparoscópica, 28% robótica, 5% abierta. A 22 pacientes (34%) se les colocó un filtro de vena cava inferior preoperatorio sin complicaciones. La estancia media fue de 4.4 días (rango: 1-31). Complicaciones: 7 reingresos a los 30 días (9%), 1 reoperación a los 30 días (1%), 2 TEV a los 90 días (3%). Reingresos a los 30 días: 4 por incapacidad para tolerar la vía oral, 2 obstrucciones de intestino delgado y 1 úlcera anastomótica sintomática. Conclusiones: En nuestros casos, la anticoagulación posoperatoria pudo iniciarse sin aumento del riesgo de sangrado en pacientes con antecedentes de TVE sometidos a cirugía bariátrica.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the use and outcomes of perioperative anticoagulation (AC) in obese patients with a known history of venous thromboembolism event (VTE). Method: A retrospective review of a prospective database for patients with a VTE history undergoing bariatric and general surgery at a single center (1/2008-12/2017) was performed. Factors assessed included demographics, surgical details, and outcomes. Results: Sixty-five patients underwent 76 procedures: 46 females (71%); mean age 51 years (range 26-73), mean weight 284 pounds (range 110-558), mean body mass index 45 (range 19-87). Comorbidities include hypertension (60%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (54%), osteoarthritis (49%), obstructive sleep apnea (45%), and diabetes (37%). Operations: 22 general surgeries (29%), 20 sleeve gastrectomies (26%), 12 revisions/conversions (16%), 12 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (16%), and 10 gastric bands (13%). Modalities: 67% laparoscopic, 28% robotic, and 5% open. Twenty-two patients (34%) had a pre-operative inferior vena cava filter placed with no complications. The mean length of stay was 4.4 days (range 1-31). Complications: seven 30-day readmissions (9%), one 30-day reoperation (1%), and two 90-day VTEs (3%). Thirty-day readmissions: four for inability to tolerate PO, two for small bowel obstruction, and one for symptomatic anastomotic ulcer. Conclusions: In our patients, post-operative AC could be started without an increased risk of bleeding in patients with a history of VTE undergoing bariatric surgery.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.23000190

Development status of coal industries in the worlds major coal-producing countries
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Liu, X. Song, G.

Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

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Jul 2024, Volume 124 Nº 7 Páginas 383 - 386

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The global coal industry has changed significantly in recent years. In this paper we analyse the coal production and consumption, imports and exports, and coal prices in China and other major coal-producing countries during the past four decades. The analysis shows that global coal production and consumption have declined over the last three years, in striking contrast to the continuous growth for most of the past 35 years. Australia, Indonesia, and Russia have become the world's major coal providers, while China, India, and the USA, and Germany are the major coal consumers. The world's, and China's, coal industry can be classified into four stages of development: the stable growth phase, stable phase, rapid growth phase, and high-quality phase. Coal prices rose in the world's four major coal markets in 2016 after four consecutive years of falling prices. The elimination of overcapacity and production-optimizing operations in China could assist in achieving a demand and supply balance.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1504/2024

Open surgical treatment for giant presacral tailgut cyst - a case report
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Liu, Q Guo, P Li, C Yu, G Jiao, J

South African Journal of Surgery

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2024, Volume 62 Nº 4 Páginas 358 - 361

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Tailgut cyst is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly originating from embryonic remnants of the tailgut. Owing to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages, it is prone to clinical misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 55-year-old female with initial symptoms manifesting as sacrococcygeal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a multilocular cystic lesion, prompting preoperative suspicion of an enormous tailgut cyst. Following a comprehensive assessment, an open posterior approach with coccygectomy was chosen, proving to be a safe and effective surgical technique, particularly for large, low-lying tailgut cysts.

https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJS.00900

Transabdominal laparoscopic excision of a giant retroperitoneal lymphangioma
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Liang, J Liu, Q Zhao, D Yu, G Shi, X Zhang, H Zhang, L

South African Journal of Surgery

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2024, Volume 62 Nº 4 Páginas 355 - 357

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Retroperitoneal lymphangioma is exceptionally rare. We present a case of a 41-year-old asymptomatic patient with a large abdominal cystic mass detected on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, initially suspected to be pseudomyxoma peritonei. Laparoscopic exploration revealed a 30 x 30 cm multilocular cystic tumour originating from the retroperitoneum. The tumour was successfully resected laparoscopically, and pathological analysis confirmed a lymphangioma. The patient recovered well with no recurrence over five years. For uncertain tumour types, transabdominal laparoscopic exploration should be prioritised. For treating retroperitoneal lymphangiomas with the origin in the retroperitoneum and a main body in the abdominal cavity, the transabdominal laparoscopic approach is a less invasive and effective treatment option.

https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJS.00793

Why do Chinese multinationals in South Africa get benefits from digital business strategy?
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Rong, Kuizhen Liu, Ruhong

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences

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2024, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 12

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) are obsessed with implementing digital business strategy in global competition, but there is limited knowledge about how and when the MNEs can achieve performance. AIM: This study aims to clarify the influence of digital business strategy on MNEs' performance in South Africa, and whether this impact is mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning and moderated by organisational memory level and dispersion. SETTING: Senior executives from the MNEs participated in the year-long survey. Before the survey, the participants were communicated and agreed, and the survey was completed by email. METHOD: Two-stage data from 314 MNEs in South Africa were obtained. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes Process Macros were used. RESULTS: The results show that digital business strategy positively influenced performance, and the relationship was mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning. Organisational memory level and dispersion had an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digital business strategy and exploratory and exploitative learning. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first insight into the relationship between digital business strategy and MNEs' performance in South Africa. It reveals the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions of this relationship, making an important contribution to the literature concerning digital business strategy. CONTRIBUTION: This study encourages MNEs in South Africa to implement digital business strategies according to local conditions. What's more, exploratory and exploitative learning is a strategic process that cannot be ignored, and moderate organisational memory can help these MNEs benefit from digital business strategy better.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5473

Connecting the dots: How parent support shapes career readiness through psychological capital
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Gustina, Adin Liu, Jane S. Indartono, Setyabudi Endarwati, Maria L. Darmawati, Arum

SA Journal of Human Resource Management

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2024, Volume 22 Páginas 1 - 9

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ORIENTATION: In the digital era, adolescence is a critical stage in individual career readiness RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study has numerous goals. Firstly, this study investigates the impact of parental support on individual career readiness. Secondly, this study examines the role of psychological capital as a mediator between parental support and individual career readiness. Thirdly, this study analyses the role of individual trait personality as a moderator between parental support and individual career readiness MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: This research can contribute to a better understanding of how parents can best support their children in preparing for successful careers. By understanding the role of psychological capital and personality traits, this research can help individuals develop a more holistic approach to career development. This can lead to increased career satisfaction and success RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This study used a quantitative approach to examine the career readiness of individuals (final year undergraduate students) before entering the job market (N = 418), which was processed using SPSS PROCESS MAIN FINDINGS: This study shows parental support influences individual career readiness. Psychological capital fully mediated the relationship between parent support and individual career readiness. The influence of parental support on individual job readiness is moderated by extroverted personality and conscientiousness. Meanwhile, emotional stability does not moderate the influence of parental support on individual career readiness PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Parental support can be a meaningful mechanism to enhance career readiness among adolescents through psychological support CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The use of social career cognitive theory (SCCT) and trait activation theory (TAT) to uncover the function of mediating and moderating variables is expanded in this study to examine career readiness. This study is important because it examines the role of parental support in nations where it is prevalent

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2540

A conductive effect of aid volatility on health poverty in aid-recipient countries
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Xiong, Qinglong Liu, Lanyong Long, Hai

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences

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2024, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 13

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Aid volatility has been frequently discussed but its effect on health poverty has not. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aid volatility on residential health in recipient countries. SETTING: Panel data from 91 recipient countries around the world from 1989 to 2017 were analysed. METHOD: The Random Forest algorithm in machine learning was used. RESULTS: It reveals a conductive effect of aid volatility on public health, as aid volatility accounts for approximately 2.2%, 3.6%, 2.5% significance in child mortality, maternal mortality and life expectancy, respectively. Positive volatility causes more child mortality than negative volatility, while it causes less maternal mortality, although both kinds of volatility have a significant effect on life expectancy. Additionally, multinational aid volatility has a greater impact than bilateral volatility. The age dependency ratio affects maternal health and public life expectancy, while foreign aid and aid volatility are not crucial. CONCLUSION: The donor nations or institutions should keep their aid growth-rate stable in order to ensure sustainable development in both the local economy and public health, while the recipient nations are encouraged to address these issues by developing their economy internally. CONTRIBUTION: According to a conductive effect framework developed during the research, theoretically, an indirect relationship between aid volatility and the health poverty level of recipient countries exists.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5183

10.

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha Liu, Xiaoxuan Chan, An-Wen Denniston, Alastair K. Calvert, Melanie J. Denniston, Alastair K. Chan, An-Wen Darzi, Ara Holmes, Christopher Yau, Christopher Moher, David Ashrafian, Hutan Deeks, Jonathan J. Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia Faes, Livia Calvert, Melanie J. Keane, Pearse A. Cruz Rivera, Samantha Vollmer, Sebastian J. Liu, Xiaoxuan Lee, Aaron Y. Jonas, Adrian Esteva, Andre Beam, Andrew L. Chan, An-Wen Panico, Maria Beatrice Lee, Cecilia S. Haug, Charlotte Kelly, Christophe J. Yau, Christopher Mulrow, Cynthia Espinoza, Cyrus Fletcher, John Moher, David Paltoo, Dina Manna, Elaine Price, Gary Collins, Gary S. Harvey, Hugh Matcham, James Monteiro, Joao Khair ElZarrad, M. Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia Oakden-Rayner, Luke Calvert, Melanie J. McCradden, Melissa Keane, Pearse A. Savage, Richard Golub, Robert Sarkar, Rupa Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e12

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO A declaração SPIRIT 2013 tem como objetivo melhorar a integralidade dos relatórios dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos, fornecendo recomendações baseadas em evidências para o conjunto mínimo de itens que devem ser abordados. Essas orientações têm sido fundamentais para promover uma avaliação transparente de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials - Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz de relatório para protocolos de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Essa diretriz foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para relatórios de ensaios clínicos, CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials - Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 26 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão SPIRIT-AI inclui 15 itens novos que foram considerados suficientemente importantes para os protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Esses itens novos devem constar dos relatórios de rotina, juntamente com os itens básicos da SPIRIT 2013. A SPIRIT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA será integrada, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída, a interação humano-IA e a análise de casos de erro. A SPIRIT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente o delineamento e o risco de viés de um futuro estudo clínico.

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ABSTRACT The SPIRIT 2013 statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes. The SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trial protocols evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for trial reports: CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 26 candidate items, which were consulted upon by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The SPIRIT-AI extension includes 15 new items that were considered sufficiently important for clinical trial protocols of AI interventions. These new items should be routinely reported in addition to the core SPIRIT 2013 items. SPIRIT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention will be integrated, considerations for the handling of input and output data, the human–AI interaction and analysis of error cases. SPIRIT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness for clinical trial protocols for AI interventions. Its use will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the design and risk of bias for a planned clinical trial.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.12

11.

Directrices para presentación de informes de ensayos clínicos sobre intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: extensión CONSORT-AI
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Liu, Xiaoxuan Cruz Rivera, Samantha Moher, David Calvert, Melanie J. Denniston, Alastair K. Denniston, Alastair K. Chan, An-Wen Darzi, Ara Holmes, Christopher Yau, Christopher Moher, David Ashrafian, Hutan Deeks, Jonathan J. Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia Faes, Livia Calvert, Melanie J. Keane, Pearse A. Cruz Rivera, Samantha Vollmer, Sebastian J. Liu, Xiaoxuan Lee, Aaron Y. Jonas, Adrian Esteva, Andre Beam, Andrew L. Chan, An-Wen Panico, Maria Beatrice Lee, Cecilia S. Haug, Charlotte Kelly, Christophe J. Yau, Christopher Mulrow, Cynthia Espinoza, Cyrus Fletcher, John Moher, David Paltoo, Dina Manna, Elaine Price, Gary Collins, Gary S. Harvey, Hugh Matcham, James Monteiro, Joao Khair ElZarrad, M. Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia Oakden-Rayner, Luke Calvert, Melanie J. McCradden, Melissa Keane, Pearse A. Savage, Richard Golub, Robert Sarkar, Rupa Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e13

Resumo: Pt Es En | Texto: Pt Es En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMO A declaração CONSORT 2010 apresenta diretrizes mínimas para relatórios de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Seu uso generalizado tem sido fundamental para garantir a transparência na avaliação de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz para relatórios de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Ela foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para protocolos de ensaios clínicos, a SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials – Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 29 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão CONSORT-AI inclui 14 itens novos que, devido à sua importância para as intervenções de IA, devem ser informados rotineiramente juntamente com os itens básicos da CONSORT 2010. A CONSORT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA está inserida, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída da intervenção de IA, a interação humano-IA e uma análise dos casos de erro. A CONSORT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos relatórios de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente a qualidade do desenho do ensaio clínico e o risco de viés nos resultados relatados.

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ABSTRACT The CONSORT 2010 statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency in the evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes. The CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 29 candidate items, which were assessed by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a two-day consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The CONSORT-AI extension includes 14 new items that were considered sufficiently important for AI interventions that they should be routinely reported in addition to the core CONSORT 2010 items. CONSORT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention is integrated, the handling of inputs and outputs of the AI intervention, the human–AI interaction and provision of an analysis of error cases. CONSORT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trials for AI interventions. It will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the quality of clinical trial design and risk of bias in the reported outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.13

12.

Effects of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua and Semen Cassiae feed additive on intestinal microflora of Wanxi White Goose
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Zuo, Ruihua Xu, Guangpei Sun, Chuanbo Liu, Chuangli Jiang, Ping

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2024, Volume 54 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 11

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The widespread use of antibiotics in poultry breeding has led to drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. With long-term dependence on antibiotics, immunity in poultry has decreased, increased susceptibility and seriously affecting the quality of poultry protein products and consumer health. Chinese medicinal herbs come mainly from nature and are natural products, so are called green feed additives. It has become an important substitute for antibiotics in high-quality livestock products. In this study, Wanxi White Geese were used as the research object to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal herb feed additives on intestinal microorganisms. Semen Cassiae and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua increased the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in intestinal microorganisms of geese, and the number of OTUs increased with dosage. Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua has great influence on the abundance of intestinal microbes. The relative abundance of Clostridiales was higher than the control (feeding only the basal diet) after treated with Semen Cassiae or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua feed additives. Chinese medicinal herb feed additives inhibited Erysipelotrichales and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichales in all treated samples was lower than the control group. Alpha diversity analysis also showed that Chinese medicinal herb feed additives promoted the diversity of intestinal microorganisms. The purpose of this study is for future research and practical application of feed additives.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v54i1.12

13.

Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract alleviates halitosis and reduces the inflammatory response to oral bacteria
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LU, Cheng

; QING, Liu YINA, Lu

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2024, Volume 32 elocation e20240047

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. Methodology This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM). Results PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs. Conclusion Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation. halitosisrelated related bacteria investigation PE, , (PE) aspects First microscopy Second (VSC shortterm short term 26 (2 doubleblind double blind longterm long 18 (1 group 3 6 1 Third proinflammatory pro TR TR14 realtime real time enzymelinked enzyme linked assays Lastly Tolllike Toll like TLR (TLR threedimensional three dimensional 3D D OMEM. OMEM . OMEM) dosedependently dose dependently F 50% 50 (50 IC50=0.079%, IC500079 IC IC50 =0.079% 0 079 [IC50]=0.079%) P IC50=0.65%, IC50065 IC50=0.65% 65 (IC50=0.65%) S IC50=0.07% IC50007 07 (IC50=0.07% Furthermore 5 control Longterm Long gingivalisstimulated stimulated IL6 IL (IL)- IL8 8 IL- E nucleatuminduced induced OMEMs inflammation (PE ( TR1 (5 IC50=0.079% IC5 0079 =0.079 [IC50]=0.079% IC5006 IC50=0.65 (IC50=0.65% IC50=0.07 IC5000 (IC50=0.07 (IL) IC50=0.079 007 =0.07 [IC50]=0.079 IC500 IC50=0.6 (IC50=0.65 IC50=0.0 (IC50=0.0 (IL 00 =0.0 [IC50]=0.07 IC50=0. (IC50=0.6 (IC50=0. =0. [IC50]=0.0 IC50=0 (IC50=0 =0 [IC50]=0. IC50= (IC50= = [IC50]=0 (IC50 [IC50]= (IC5 [IC50] (IC [IC50 [IC5 [IC

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0047

14.

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children's Hospital Childrens Children s
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Lyu, Shuang

; Shi, Wei Dong, Fang Xu, Bao Ping Liu, Gang Wang, Quan Yao, Kai Hu Yang, Yong Hong

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2024, Volume 28 Nº 2 elocation 103734

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates is important for pneumonia treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric inpatients and outpatients during the same period. Methods S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined using diagnostic pneumococcal antisera. The resistance of each strain to 13 antibiotics was tested using either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The Sequence Types (STs) were analyzed via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results The dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F (32.9 %), 19A (20.7 %), 23F (10.7 %), 6A (10.0 %), and 14 (8.6 %), while those from outpatients were 19F (13.6 %), 23F (12.9 %), 6A (10.0 %), 6B (10.0 %), and 19A (7.9 %). The coverage rates of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) formulations were high in both groups. The nonsusceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates was 7.1 %, 92.8 %, 65.7 %, 100 %, and 85.0 %, respectively, while that among the outpatient isolates was 0.7 %, 50.0 %, 38.6 %, 96.4 %, and 65.7 %, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was common among both inpatients and outpatients (43.6 % and 14.3 %). Conclusions Pneumococcal vaccine-related serotypes are prevalent among both inpatients and outpatients, especially among inpatients, who exhibit more severe antibiotic resistance. Therefore, universal immunization with PCV13 would decrease the hospitalization rate due to S. pneumoniae and the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pneumoniae. S (S prevention period 201 2014 antisera 1 Etest E test method (STs MLST. MLST . (MLST) F 32.9 329 32 9 (32. , %) A 20.7 207 20 7 (20. 10.7 107 10 (10. 10.0 0 8.6 86 8 6 (8. 13.6 136 (13. 12.9 129 12 (12. B 7.9 79 (7. %. 13valent valent PCV (PCV groups penicillin cefuroxime imipenem erythromycin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 71 7. 928 92 92. 657 65 65. 850 85 85. respectively 07 0. 500 50 50. 386 38 38. 964 96 4 96. CC CC27 43.6 436 43 (43. 143 3 14. vaccinerelated vaccine related Therefore PCV1 (MLST 32. (32 20. 2 (20 10. (10 8. (8 13. (13 12. (12 (7 5 CC2 43. (43 (3 (2 (1 ( (4

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103734

15.

CATALYTIC CARBON DOTS FOR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY THROUGH ENHANCED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION
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Hu, Xiaoling

; Li, Boxuan Liu, Yazhen Li, Baojian Fang, Ling Zhou, Quan Zhang, Wenping

Química Nova

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2024, Volume 47 Nº 4 elocation e-20230121

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Owing to merging antibiotic resistance, the synthesis of novel antibacterial agents becomes increasingly important. Carbon dots (CDs) belong to a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials that have shown great potential in combating emerging and drug-resistant infections due to their unique optical properties, such as excellent biocompatibility and easy surface modification. Herein, light-treated CDs (LCDs) with enhanced antibacterial activity and low drug resistance were synthesized by using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. LCDs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the light-emitting diode light, which kill two pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In addition, in vitro experiments show that the liquid crystal displays excellent biocompatibility. Due to the visible photo-oxidative activity, LCDs can be used as photodynamic therapy agents, providing efficient bactericidal activity. This study provides a simple way to modify CDs that lead to new properties. important (CDs carbonbased carbon based drugresistant resistant properties modification Herein lighttreated light treated (LCDs onepot one pot method ROS (ROS lightemitting emitting bacteria methicillinresistant methicillin S. S (S E. E (E coli. . coli) addition photooxidative photo oxidative

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230121

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