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Development status of coal industries in the worlds major coal-producing countries
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Liu, X.

; Song, G.

Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy

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Jul 2024, Volume 124 Nº 7 Páginas 383 - 386

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The global coal industry has changed significantly in recent years. In this paper we analyse the coal production and consumption, imports and exports, and coal prices in China and other major coal-producing countries during the past four decades. The analysis shows that global coal production and consumption have declined over the last three years, in striking contrast to the continuous growth for most of the past 35 years. Australia, Indonesia, and Russia have become the world's major coal providers, while China, India, and the USA, and Germany are the major coal consumers. The world's, and China's, coal industry can be classified into four stages of development: the stable growth phase, stable phase, rapid growth phase, and high-quality phase. Coal prices rose in the world's four major coal markets in 2016 after four consecutive years of falling prices. The elimination of overcapacity and production-optimizing operations in China could assist in achieving a demand and supply balance.

https://doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1504/2024

CATALYTIC CARBON DOTS FOR BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY THROUGH ENHANCED REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION
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Hu, Xiaoling

; Li, Boxuan

; Liu, Yazhen

; Li, Baojian

; Fang, Ling

; Zhou, Quan

; Zhang, Wenping

Química Nova

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2024, Volume 47 Nº 4 elocation e-20230121

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Owing to merging antibiotic resistance, the synthesis of novel antibacterial agents becomes increasingly important. Carbon dots (CDs) belong to a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials that have shown great potential in combating emerging and drug-resistant infections due to their unique optical properties, such as excellent biocompatibility and easy surface modification. Herein, light-treated CDs (LCDs) with enhanced antibacterial activity and low drug resistance were synthesized by using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. LCDs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the light-emitting diode light, which kill two pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In addition, in vitro experiments show that the liquid crystal displays excellent biocompatibility. Due to the visible photo-oxidative activity, LCDs can be used as photodynamic therapy agents, providing efficient bactericidal activity. This study provides a simple way to modify CDs that lead to new properties. important (CDs carbonbased carbon based drugresistant resistant properties modification Herein lighttreated light treated (LCDs onepot one pot method ROS (ROS lightemitting emitting bacteria methicillinresistant methicillin S. S (S E. E (E coli. . coli) addition photooxidative photo oxidative

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230121

Enhanced electrochemical performance of Sr doped ZnO for tartrazine detection in sports drink
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Dai, Jun

; Liu, Yunzhao

; Jiang, Erhu

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2024, Volume 29 Nº 3 elocation e20240332

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Tartrazine (Tz) is a widely used synthetic food colorant that has raised health concerns due to its potential adverse effects. Developing sensitive and reliable methods for Tz detection in food products is crucial for ensuring consumer safety. In this study, Sr-doped ZnO nanoparticles with varying doping levels (0–7 mol%) were synthesized by mechanical milling and applied as an electrochemical sensor for detecting Tz in sports drinks. The ZnO-Sr modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), with an optimal Sr doping level of 5 mol%, exhibited the best sensing performance under optimized conditions of pH 7.0 and an accumulation time of 180 s. The sensor demonstrated a linear range from 1 to 1000 μM, a detection limit of 0.3 μM, and a sensitivity of 0.38 μA/μM for Tz identification. This performance surpasses that of many previously reported electrochemical Tz sensors. The ZnO-Sr modified CPE showed good reproducibility (RSD 3.2%), long-term stability (91.2% current retention after one month), and high selectivity against common interferents. The sensor’s practical applicability was validated by determining Tz in commercial sports drink samples, with results in good agreement with a standard UV-Vis spectrophotometric method (relative errors < 5%). Recovery tests (97.2–103.5%) further confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the proposed sensor. This work presents a simple, sensitive, and reliable approach for monitoring Tz levels in food products, addressing important food safety and human health concerns. (Tz effects study Srdoped doped 0–7 07 0 7 (0– mol% mol drinks ZnOSr CPE, , (CPE) 70 7. 18 s 100 μM 03 3 0. 038 38 μAμM μA identification sensors RSD 3.2%, 32 3.2% 2 3.2%) longterm long term 91.2% 912 91 (91.2 month, month month) interferents samples UVVis UV Vis relative 5%. 5% . 5%) 97.2–103.5% 9721035 97 103 (97.2–103.5% simple 0– (0 (CPE 10 3.2 91.2 9 (91. 97.2–103.5 972103 (97.2–103.5 ( 3. 91. (91 97.2–103. 97210 (97.2–103. (9 97.2–103 9721 (97.2–103 97.2–10 972 (97.2–10 97.2–1 (97.2–1 97.2– (97.2– 97.2 (97.2 97. (97. (97

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2024-0332

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children's Hospital Childrens Children s
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Lyu, Shuang

; Shi, Wei

; Dong, Fang

; Xu, Bao Ping

; Liu, Gang

; Wang, Quan

; Yao, Kai Hu

; Yang, Yong Hong

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2024, Volume 28 Nº 2 elocation 103734

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates is important for pneumonia treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric inpatients and outpatients during the same period. Methods S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined using diagnostic pneumococcal antisera. The resistance of each strain to 13 antibiotics was tested using either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The Sequence Types (STs) were analyzed via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results The dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F (32.9 %), 19A (20.7 %), 23F (10.7 %), 6A (10.0 %), and 14 (8.6 %), while those from outpatients were 19F (13.6 %), 23F (12.9 %), 6A (10.0 %), 6B (10.0 %), and 19A (7.9 %). The coverage rates of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) formulations were high in both groups. The nonsusceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates was 7.1 %, 92.8 %, 65.7 %, 100 %, and 85.0 %, respectively, while that among the outpatient isolates was 0.7 %, 50.0 %, 38.6 %, 96.4 %, and 65.7 %, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was common among both inpatients and outpatients (43.6 % and 14.3 %). Conclusions Pneumococcal vaccine-related serotypes are prevalent among both inpatients and outpatients, especially among inpatients, who exhibit more severe antibiotic resistance. Therefore, universal immunization with PCV13 would decrease the hospitalization rate due to S. pneumoniae and the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pneumoniae. S (S prevention period 201 2014 antisera 1 Etest E test method (STs MLST. MLST . (MLST) F 32.9 329 32 9 (32. , %) A 20.7 207 20 7 (20. 10.7 107 10 (10. 10.0 0 8.6 86 8 6 (8. 13.6 136 (13. 12.9 129 12 (12. B 7.9 79 (7. %. 13valent valent PCV (PCV groups penicillin cefuroxime imipenem erythromycin trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole 71 7. 928 92 92. 657 65 65. 850 85 85. respectively 07 0. 500 50 50. 386 38 38. 964 96 4 96. CC CC27 43.6 436 43 (43. 143 3 14. vaccinerelated vaccine related Therefore PCV1 (MLST 32. (32 20. 2 (20 10. (10 8. (8 13. (13 12. (12 (7 5 CC2 43. (43 (3 (2 (1 ( (4

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103734

Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract alleviates halitosis and reduces the inflammatory response to oral bacteria
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LU, Cheng

; QING, Liu

; YINA, Lu

Journal of Applied Oral Science

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2024, Volume 32 elocation e20240047

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica extract in alleviating halitosis and reducing the inflammatory response to halitosis-related bacteria. Methodology This investigation, using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (PE), involved four aspects. First, we evaluated the effect on growth and aggregation of halitosis-related bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Solobacterium moorei, using a microdilution assay and scanning electron microscopy. Second, volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels were measured on individuals with halitosis in randomized short-term (26 participants) and double-blind randomized long-term trials (18 participants in each group) after rinsing with PE for 3, 6, and 12 h, and 28 days. Third, we analyzed pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in TR146 cells using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Lastly, we assessed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mRNA expression via the same experimental methods in a three-dimensional oral mucosal epithelial model (3D OMEM). Results PE extract dose-dependently inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum (50% inhibition concentration [IC50]=0.079%), P. gingivalis (IC50=0.65%), and S. moorei (IC50=0.07%) and effectively prevented bacterial aggregation. Furthermore, VSC contents decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 h after rinsing with 5% PE compared with those in the control. Long-term use of mouthwash containing 5% PE for 28 days led to a significant decrease in VSC contents. PE attenuated the F. nucleatum- or P. gingivalis-stimulated mRNA expression and protein release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in TR146 cells. It also suppressed IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 secretion and TLR2 mRNA expression in F. nucleatum-induced OMEMs. Conclusion Our findings support the use of PE in oral care products to alleviate halitosis and it may reduce inflammation. halitosisrelated related bacteria investigation PE, , (PE) aspects First microscopy Second (VSC shortterm short term 26 (2 doubleblind double blind longterm long 18 (1 group 3 6 1 Third proinflammatory pro TR TR14 realtime real time enzymelinked enzyme linked assays Lastly Tolllike Toll like TLR (TLR threedimensional three dimensional 3D D OMEM. OMEM . OMEM) dosedependently dose dependently F 50% 50 (50 IC50=0.079%, IC500079 IC IC50 =0.079% 0 079 [IC50]=0.079%) P IC50=0.65%, IC50065 IC50=0.65% 65 (IC50=0.65%) S IC50=0.07% IC50007 07 (IC50=0.07% Furthermore 5 control Longterm Long gingivalisstimulated stimulated IL6 IL (IL)- IL8 8 IL- E nucleatuminduced induced OMEMs inflammation (PE ( TR1 (5 IC50=0.079% IC5 0079 =0.079 [IC50]=0.079% IC5006 IC50=0.65 (IC50=0.65% IC50=0.07 IC5000 (IC50=0.07 (IL) IC50=0.079 007 =0.07 [IC50]=0.079 IC500 IC50=0.6 (IC50=0.65 IC50=0.0 (IC50=0.0 (IL 00 =0.0 [IC50]=0.07 IC50=0. (IC50=0.6 (IC50=0. =0. [IC50]=0.0 IC50=0 (IC50=0 =0 [IC50]=0. IC50= (IC50= = [IC50]=0 (IC50 [IC50]= (IC5 [IC50] (IC [IC50 [IC5 [IC

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0047

Tree species composition, growing stock and biomass carbon dynamics of the major timber species in Hindu Kush regions of Pakistan
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Ahmad, A.

; Liu, J.

; Liu, Q.

; Ullah, S.

; Khalid, F.

; Taimur,

; Ismail, M.

; Mannan, A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e256425

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Usando dados de inventário, este estudo avaliou a composição de espécies, volume de estoque crescente (GSV) e carbono de biomassa (BMC) das cinco principais espécies madeireiras nas regiões subtropicais e temperadas/subalpinas do Paquistão. Constatou-se que a densidade do caule variou entre 50 e 221 árvores ha-1, com média de 142 árvores ha-1 (13,68 milhões de árvores para toda a área florestal). Entre as espécies, Pinus wallichiana apresentou alta composição de espécies (27,80%), seguida de Picea smithiana (24,64%). O GSV foi encontrado na faixa de 67,81 a 425,94 m3 ha-1, com um valor total de 20,68 milhões de m3 para toda a região. Da mesma forma, o BMC variou de 27,04 a 169,86 mg ha-1, com valor médio de 86,80 mg ha-1. A quantidade total de carbono armazenado foi de 8,69 milhões de toneladas para um total de 95.842 ha de floresta manejada comercialmente. Além disso, a análise de correlação entre área basal (BA), GSV e BMC mostrou que BA é o melhor preditor de GSV e BMC. As descobertas fornecem insights para os formuladores de políticas e gestores florestais sobre o manejo florestal comercial sustentável, bem como o manejo florestal de carbono no recente gerenciamento global de carbono para a mitigação das mudanças climáticas.

Abstract Using inventory data, this study evaluates the species composition, growing stock volume (GSV), and biomass carbon (BMC) of the five major timber species in the sub-tropical, and temperate/sub-alpine regions of Pakistan. It was found that the stem density varies between 50 and 221 trees ha -1, with a mean of 142 trees ha-1 (13.68 million trees for entire forest area). Among the species, Pinus wallichiana showed a high species composition (27.80%) followed by Picea smithiana (24.64%). The GSV was found in the range of 67.81 to 425.94 m3 ha-1, with a total GSV value of 20.68 million m3 for the entire region. Similarly, The BMC ranged from 27.04 to 169.86 Mg ha-1, with a mean BMC value of 86.80 Mg ha-1. The total amount of stored carbon was found at 8.69 million tons for a total of 95842 ha of commercially managed forest. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between the basal area (BA) and GSV and BMC showed that BA is the best predictor of GSV and BMC. The findings provide insights to the policy makers and forest managers regarding the sustainable commercial forest management as well as forest carbon management in the recent global carbon management for climate change mitigation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.256425

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Chan, An-Wen

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e12

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT The SPIRIT 2013 statement aims to improve the completeness of clinical trial protocol reporting by providing evidence-based recommendations for the minimum set of items to be addressed. This guidance has been instrumental in promoting transparent evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate their impact on health outcomes. The SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trial protocols evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for trial reports: CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 26 candidate items, which were consulted upon by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The SPIRIT-AI extension includes 15 new items that were considered sufficiently important for clinical trial protocols of AI interventions. These new items should be routinely reported in addition to the core SPIRIT 2013 items. SPIRIT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention will be integrated, considerations for the handling of input and output data, the human–AI interaction and analysis of error cases. SPIRIT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness for clinical trial protocols for AI interventions. Its use will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the design and risk of bias for a planned clinical trial.

RESUMO A declaração SPIRIT 2013 tem como objetivo melhorar a integralidade dos relatórios dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos, fornecendo recomendações baseadas em evidências para o conjunto mínimo de itens que devem ser abordados. Essas orientações têm sido fundamentais para promover uma avaliação transparente de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials - Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz de relatório para protocolos de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Essa diretriz foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para relatórios de ensaios clínicos, CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials - Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 26 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão SPIRIT-AI inclui 15 itens novos que foram considerados suficientemente importantes para os protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Esses itens novos devem constar dos relatórios de rotina, juntamente com os itens básicos da SPIRIT 2013. A SPIRIT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA será integrada, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída, a interação humano-IA e a análise de casos de erro. A SPIRIT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos protocolos de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente o delineamento e o risco de viés de um futuro estudo clínico.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.12

Directrices para presentación de informes de ensayos clínicos sobre intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: extensión CONSORT-AI
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Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Moher, David

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e13

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

ABSTRACT The CONSORT 2010 statement provides minimum guidelines for reporting randomized trials. Its widespread use has been instrumental in ensuring transparency in the evaluation of new interventions. More recently, there has been a growing recognition that interventions involving artificial intelligence (AI) need to undergo rigorous, prospective evaluation to demonstrate impact on health outcomes. The CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials–Artificial Intelligence) extension is a new reporting guideline for clinical trials evaluating interventions with an AI component. It was developed in parallel with its companion statement for clinical trial protocols: SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials–Artificial Intelligence). Both guidelines were developed through a staged consensus process involving literature review and expert consultation to generate 29 candidate items, which were assessed by an international multi-stakeholder group in a two-stage Delphi survey (103 stakeholders), agreed upon in a two-day consensus meeting (31 stakeholders) and refined through a checklist pilot (34 participants). The CONSORT-AI extension includes 14 new items that were considered sufficiently important for AI interventions that they should be routinely reported in addition to the core CONSORT 2010 items. CONSORT-AI recommends that investigators provide clear descriptions of the AI intervention, including instructions and skills required for use, the setting in which the AI intervention is integrated, the handling of inputs and outputs of the AI intervention, the human–AI interaction and provision of an analysis of error cases. CONSORT-AI will help promote transparency and completeness in reporting clinical trials for AI interventions. It will assist editors and peer reviewers, as well as the general readership, to understand, interpret and critically appraise the quality of clinical trial design and risk of bias in the reported outcomes.

RESUMO A declaração CONSORT 2010 apresenta diretrizes mínimas para relatórios de ensaios clínicos randomizados. Seu uso generalizado tem sido fundamental para garantir a transparência na avaliação de novas intervenções. Recentemente, tem-se reconhecido cada vez mais que intervenções que incluem inteligência artificial (IA) precisam ser submetidas a uma avaliação rigorosa e prospectiva para demonstrar seus impactos sobre os resultados de saúde. A extensão CONSORT-AI (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials – Artificial Intelligence) é uma nova diretriz para relatórios de ensaios clínicos que avaliam intervenções com um componente de IA. Ela foi desenvolvida em paralelo à sua declaração complementar para protocolos de ensaios clínicos, a SPIRIT-AI (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials – Artificial Intelligence). Ambas as diretrizes foram desenvolvidas por meio de um processo de consenso em etapas que incluiu revisão da literatura e consultas a especialistas para gerar 29 itens candidatos. Foram feitas consultas sobre esses itens a um grupo internacional composto por 103 interessados diretos, que participaram de uma pesquisa Delphi em duas etapas. Chegou-se a um acordo sobre os itens em uma reunião de consenso que incluiu 31 interessados diretos, e os itens foram refinados por meio de uma lista de verificação piloto que envolveu 34 participantes. A extensão CONSORT-AI inclui 14 itens novos que, devido à sua importância para as intervenções de IA, devem ser informados rotineiramente juntamente com os itens básicos da CONSORT 2010. A CONSORT-AI preconiza que os pesquisadores descrevam claramente a intervenção de IA, incluindo instruções e as habilidades necessárias para seu uso, o contexto no qual a intervenção de IA está inserida, considerações sobre o manuseio dos dados de entrada e saída da intervenção de IA, a interação humano-IA e uma análise dos casos de erro. A CONSORT-AI ajudará a promover a transparência e a integralidade nos relatórios de ensaios clínicos com intervenções que utilizam IA. Seu uso ajudará editores e revisores, bem como leitores em geral, a entender, interpretar e avaliar criticamente a qualidade do desenho do ensaio clínico e o risco de viés nos resultados relatados.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.13

Connecting the dots: How parent support shapes career readiness through psychological capital
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Gustina, Adin

; Liu, Jane S.

; Indartono, Setyabudi

; Endarwati, Maria L.

; Darmawati, Arum

SA Journal of Human Resource Management

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2024, Volume 22 Páginas 1 - 9

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ORIENTATION: In the digital era, adolescence is a critical stage in individual career readiness RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study has numerous goals. Firstly, this study investigates the impact of parental support on individual career readiness. Secondly, this study examines the role of psychological capital as a mediator between parental support and individual career readiness. Thirdly, this study analyses the role of individual trait personality as a moderator between parental support and individual career readiness MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: This research can contribute to a better understanding of how parents can best support their children in preparing for successful careers. By understanding the role of psychological capital and personality traits, this research can help individuals develop a more holistic approach to career development. This can lead to increased career satisfaction and success RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This study used a quantitative approach to examine the career readiness of individuals (final year undergraduate students) before entering the job market (N = 418), which was processed using SPSS PROCESS MAIN FINDINGS: This study shows parental support influences individual career readiness. Psychological capital fully mediated the relationship between parent support and individual career readiness. The influence of parental support on individual job readiness is moderated by extroverted personality and conscientiousness. Meanwhile, emotional stability does not moderate the influence of parental support on individual career readiness PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Parental support can be a meaningful mechanism to enhance career readiness among adolescents through psychological support CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The use of social career cognitive theory (SCCT) and trait activation theory (TAT) to uncover the function of mediating and moderating variables is expanded in this study to examine career readiness. This study is important because it examines the role of parental support in nations where it is prevalent

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2540

10.

A conductive effect of aid volatility on health poverty in aid-recipient countries
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Xiong, Qinglong

; Liu, Lanyong

; Long, Hai

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences

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2024, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 13

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Aid volatility has been frequently discussed but its effect on health poverty has not. AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aid volatility on residential health in recipient countries. SETTING: Panel data from 91 recipient countries around the world from 1989 to 2017 were analysed. METHOD: The Random Forest algorithm in machine learning was used. RESULTS: It reveals a conductive effect of aid volatility on public health, as aid volatility accounts for approximately 2.2%, 3.6%, 2.5% significance in child mortality, maternal mortality and life expectancy, respectively. Positive volatility causes more child mortality than negative volatility, while it causes less maternal mortality, although both kinds of volatility have a significant effect on life expectancy. Additionally, multinational aid volatility has a greater impact than bilateral volatility. The age dependency ratio affects maternal health and public life expectancy, while foreign aid and aid volatility are not crucial. CONCLUSION: The donor nations or institutions should keep their aid growth-rate stable in order to ensure sustainable development in both the local economy and public health, while the recipient nations are encouraged to address these issues by developing their economy internally. CONTRIBUTION: According to a conductive effect framework developed during the research, theoretically, an indirect relationship between aid volatility and the health poverty level of recipient countries exists.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5183

11.

Why do Chinese multinationals in South Africa get benefits from digital business strategy?
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Rong, Kuizhen

; Liu, Ruhong

South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences

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2024, Volume 27 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 12

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) are obsessed with implementing digital business strategy in global competition, but there is limited knowledge about how and when the MNEs can achieve performance. AIM: This study aims to clarify the influence of digital business strategy on MNEs' performance in South Africa, and whether this impact is mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning and moderated by organisational memory level and dispersion. SETTING: Senior executives from the MNEs participated in the year-long survey. Before the survey, the participants were communicated and agreed, and the survey was completed by email. METHOD: Two-stage data from 314 MNEs in South Africa were obtained. Hierarchical regression analysis and Hayes Process Macros were used. RESULTS: The results show that digital business strategy positively influenced performance, and the relationship was mediated by exploratory and exploitative learning. Organisational memory level and dispersion had an inverted U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digital business strategy and exploratory and exploitative learning. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first insight into the relationship between digital business strategy and MNEs' performance in South Africa. It reveals the mediating mechanism and boundary conditions of this relationship, making an important contribution to the literature concerning digital business strategy. CONTRIBUTION: This study encourages MNEs in South Africa to implement digital business strategies according to local conditions. What's more, exploratory and exploitative learning is a strategic process that cannot be ignored, and moderate organisational memory can help these MNEs benefit from digital business strategy better.

https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v27i1.5473

12.

Directrices para los protocolos de ensayos clínicos de intervenciones con inteligencia artificial: la extensión SPIRIT-AI
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Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Chan, An-Wen

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Denniston, Alastair K.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Darzi, Ara

; Holmes, Christopher

; Yau, Christopher

; Moher, David

; Ashrafian, Hutan

; Deeks, Jonathan J.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Faes, Livia

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Cruz Rivera, Samantha

; Vollmer, Sebastian J.

; Liu, Xiaoxuan

; Lee, Aaron Y.

; Jonas, Adrian

; Esteva, Andre

; Beam, Andrew L.

; Chan, An-Wen

; Panico, Maria Beatrice

; Lee, Cecilia S.

; Haug, Charlotte

; Kelly, Christophe J.

; Yau, Christopher

; Mulrow, Cynthia

; Espinoza, Cyrus

; Fletcher, John

; Moher, David

; Paltoo, Dina

; Manna, Elaine

; Price, Gary

; Collins, Gary S.

; Harvey, Hugh

; Matcham, James

; Monteiro, Joao

; Khair ElZarrad, M.

; Ferrante di Ruffano, Lavinia

; Oakden-Rayner, Luke

; Calvert, Melanie J.

; McCradden, Melissa

; Keane, Pearse A.

; Savage, Richard

; Golub, Robert

; Sarkar, Rupa

; Rowley, Samuel

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e149

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2023.149

13.

Cobalt availability in the soil plant and animal food chain: a study under a peri-urban environment chain periurban peri urban
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Khan, Z. I.

; Liu, W.

; Mubeen, I.

; Alrefaei, A. F.

; Alharbi, S. N.

; Muhammad, F. G.

; Ejaz, A.

; Ahmad, K.

; Nadeem, M.

; Shoukat, J.

; Ashfaq, A.

; Mahpara, S.

; Siddique, K.

; Ashraf, M. A.

; Memona, H.

; Batool, A. I.

; Munir, M.

; Malik, I. S.

; Noorka, I. R.

; Ugulu, I.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e270256

Resumo: En Pt | Texto: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Cobalt metal is considered as an essential trace element for the animals. Present investigation was undertaken in the peri-urban area to analyze the cobalt availability in animal food chain by using different indices. Cow, buffalo and sheep samples along with forage and soil samples were collected from the three different sites of District Jhang and analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cobalt values differed in soil samples as 0.315-0.535 mg/kg, forages as 0.127-0.333 mg/kg and animal samples as 0.364-0.504 mg/kg. Analyzed cobalt concentration in soil, forage and animal samples was found to be deficient in concentration with respect to standard limits. Soil showed the minimum cobalt level in Z. mays while maximum concentration was examined in the forage C. decidua samples. All indices examined in this study has values lesser than 1, representing the safer limits of the cobalt concentration in these samples. Enrichment factor (0.071-0.161 mg/kg) showed the highly deficient amount of cobalt enrichment in this area. Bio-concentration factor (0.392-0.883) and pollution load index (0.035-0.059 mg/kg) values were also lesser than 1 explains that plant and soil samples are not contaminated with cobalt metal. The daily intake and health risk index ranged from 0.00019-0.00064 mg/kg/day and 0.0044-0.0150 mg/kg/day respectively. Among the animals, cobalt availability was maximum (0.0150 mg/kg/day) in the buffaloes that grazed on the C. decidua fodder. Results of this study concluded that cobalt containing fertilizers must be applied on the soil and forages. Animal feed derived from the cobalt containing supplements are supplied to the animals, to fulfill the nutritional requirements of livestock. animals periurban peri urban Cow spectrophotometer 0.3150.535 03150535 0.315 0.535 0 315 535 0.315-0.53 mgkg mg kg 0.1270.333 01270333 0.127 0.333 127 333 0.127-0.33 0.3640.504 03640504 0.364 0.504 364 504 0.364-0.50 Z C 0.0710.161 00710161 0.071 0.161 071 161 (0.071-0.16 Bioconcentration Bio 0.3920.883 03920883 0.392 0.883 392 883 (0.392-0.883 0.0350.059 00350059 0.035 0.059 035 059 (0.035-0.05 0.000190.00064 000019000064 0.00019 0.00064 00019 00064 0.00019-0.0006 mgkgday day 0.00440.0150 0004400150 0.0044 0.0150 0044 0150 0.0044-0.015 respectively 00150 (0.015 fodder livestock 3150 0.3150.53 0315053 0315 0.31 0535 0.53 31 53 0.315-0.5 1270 0.1270.33 0127033 0127 0.12 0333 0.33 12 33 0.127-0.3 3640 0.3640.50 0364050 0364 0.36 0504 0.50 36 50 0.364-0.5 0710 0.0710.16 0071016 0071 0.07 0161 0.16 07 16 (0.071-0.1 3920 0.3920.88 0392088 0392 0.39 0883 0.88 39 88 (0.392-0.88 0350 0.0350.05 0035005 0035 0.03 0059 0.05 03 05 (0.035-0.0 000190 0.000190.0006 00001900006 000019 0.0001 000064 0.0006 0001 0006 0.00019-0.000 00440 0.00440.015 000440015 00044 0.004 0.015 004 015 0.0044-0.01 0015 (0.01 0.3150.5 031505 031 0.3 053 0.5 3 5 0.315-0. 0.1270.3 012703 012 0.1 033 0.127-0. 0.3640.5 036405 036 050 0.364-0. 0.0710.1 007101 007 0.0 016 (0.071-0. 0.3920.8 039208 039 088 0.8 8 (0.392-0.8 0.0350.0 003500 003 005 (0.035-0. 0.000190.000 0000190000 00001 0.000 00006 000 0.00019-0.00 0.00440.01 00044001 0004 0.00 0.01 00 01 0.0044-0.0 001 (0.0 0.3150. 03150 0. 0.315-0 0.1270. 01270 0.127-0 0.3640. 03640 0.364-0 0.0710. 00710 (0.071-0 0.3920. 03920 08 (0.392-0. 0.0350. 00350 (0.035-0 0.000190.00 000019000 0000 0.00019-0.0 0.00440.0 0004400 0.0044-0. (0. 0.3150 0.315- 0.1270 0.127- 0.3640 0.364- 0.0710 (0.071- 0.3920 (0.392-0 0.0350 (0.035- 0.000190.0 00001900 0.00019-0. 0.00440. 000440 0.0044-0 (0 (0.071 (0.392- (0.035 0.000190. 0000190 0.00019-0 0.00440 0.0044- ( (0.07 (0.392 (0.03 0.000190 0.00019- (0.39 (0.3

Resumo O metal cobalto é considerado um oligoelemento essencial para os animais. A presente investigação foi realizada na área periurbana para analisar a disponibilidade de cobalto na cadeia alimentar animal usando diferentes índices. Amostras de vacas, búfalos e ovelhas, juntamente com amostras de forragem e solo foram coletadas em três locais diferentes do Distrito Jhang e analisadas por meio de espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. Os valores de cobalto diferiram em amostras de solo como 0,315-0,535mg/kg, forragens como 0,127-0,333 mg/kg e amostras de animais como 0,364-0,504 mg/kg. A concentração de cobalto analisada no solo, forragem e amostras de animais foi considerada deficiente em relação aos limites padrão. O solo apresentou o teor mínimo de cobalto em Z. mays enquanto a concentração máxima foi examinada nas amostras de forragem C. decidua. Todos os índices examinados neste estudo possuem valores menores que 1, representando os limites mais seguros da concentração de cobalto nestas amostras. O fator de enriquecimento (0,071-0,161 mg/kg) mostrou a quantidade altamente deficiente de enriquecimento de cobalto nesta área. Os valores do fator de bioconcentração (0,392-0,883) e do índice de carga de poluição (0,035-0,059 mg/kg) também foram menores que 1, o que explica que as amostras de plantas e solo não estão contaminadas com cobalto metálico. A ingestão diária e o índice de risco à saúde variaram de 0,00019-0,00064 mg/kg/dia e 0,0044-0,0150 mg/kg/dia, respectivamente. Entre os animais, a disponibilidade de cobalto foi máxima (0,0150 mg/kg/dia) nos búfalos que pastaram na forragem de C. decidua. Os resultados deste estudo concluíram que fertilizantes contendo cobalto devem ser aplicados no solo e nas forragens. A ração animal derivada dos suplementos contendo cobalto é fornecida aos animais, para atender às necessidades nutricionais do gado. vacas ovelhas atômica 0,3150,535mg/kg, 03150535mgkg mgkg 0,315 0,535mg/kg, 0 315 535mg kg mg 0,315-0,535mg/kg 0,1270,333 01270333 0,127 0,333 127 333 0,127-0,33 0,3640,504 03640504 0,364 0,504 364 504 0,364-0,50 padrão Z C decidua 1 0,0710,161 00710161 0,071 0,161 071 161 (0,071-0,16 0,3920,883 03920883 0,392 0,883 392 883 (0,392-0,883 0,0350,059 00350059 0,035 0,059 035 059 (0,035-0,05 metálico 0,000190,00064 000019000064 0,00019 0,00064 00019 00064 0,00019-0,0006 mgkgdia dia 0,00440,0150 0004400150 0,0044 0,0150 0044 0150 0,0044-0,015 respectivamente 00150 (0,015 gado 3150 0,3150,535mg/kg 0315 0,31 0535mgkg 0,535mg/kg 31 1270 0,1270,33 0127033 0127 0,12 0333 0,33 12 33 0,127-0,3 3640 0,3640,50 0364050 0364 0,36 0504 0,50 36 50 0,364-0,5 0710 0,0710,16 0071016 0071 0,07 0161 0,16 07 16 (0,071-0,1 3920 0,3920,88 0392088 0392 0,39 0883 0,88 39 88 (0,392-0,88 0350 0,0350,05 0035005 0035 0,03 0059 0,05 03 05 (0,035-0,0 000190 0,000190,0006 00001900006 000019 0,0001 000064 0,0006 0001 0006 0,00019-0,000 00440 0,00440,015 000440015 00044 0,004 0,015 004 015 0,0044-0,01 0015 (0,01 031 0,3 3 0,1270,3 012703 012 0,1 033 0,127-0, 0,3640,5 036405 036 050 0,5 5 0,364-0, 0,0710,1 007101 007 0,0 016 (0,071-0, 0,3920,8 039208 039 088 0,8 8 (0,392-0,8 0,0350,0 003500 003 005 (0,035-0, 0,000190,000 0000190000 00001 0,000 00006 000 0,00019-0,00 0,00440,01 00044001 0004 0,00 0,01 00 01 0,0044-0,0 001 (0,0 0, 0,1270, 01270 0,127-0 0,3640, 03640 0,364-0 0,0710, 00710 (0,071-0 0,3920, 03920 08 (0,392-0, 0,0350, 00350 (0,035-0 0,000190,00 000019000 0000 0,00019-0,0 0,00440,0 0004400 0,0044-0, (0, 0,1270 0,127- 0,3640 0,364- 0,0710 (0,071- 0,3920 (0,392-0 0,0350 (0,035- 0,000190,0 00001900 0,00019-0, 0,00440, 000440 0,0044-0 (0 (0,071 (0,392- (0,035 0,000190, 0000190 0,00019-0 0,00440 0,0044- ( (0,07 (0,392 (0,03 0,000190 0,00019- (0,39 (0,3

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.270256

14.

The Siberian pine growth dynamics in Altai Mountains, China
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Shah, S.

; Yu, J.

; Liu, Q.

; Zhou, G.

; Yan, G.

; Zhou, H.

; Hussain, M.

; Hussain, A.

; Habiba, U.

; Khalid, F.

; Ullah, S.

; Rahim, F.

; Adil, M.

; Zeb, U.

; Ambrin,

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244011

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Fatores climáticos desempenham papel essencial no crescimento da largura dos anéis das árvores. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a correlação entre variáveis climáticas e características de crescimento de anéis de árvores de Pinus sibirica nas montanhas de Altai, noroeste da China. Este estudo é o primeiro desse tipo na análise do crescimento climático de Pinus sibirica no noroeste da China. O estudo mostrou grande potencial para entender as espécies que crescem sob as condições climáticas específicas. Total de 70 testemunhos coletados em três locais na área de amostragem, dos quais 63 testemunhos considerados para este estudo. O efeito das variáveis climáticas estudadas incluem precipitação, temperatura e PDSI. Nossos resultados mostraram que a cronologia da Largura do Anel da Árvore tem uma correlação significativamente positiva com a temperatura do final do inverno (março) e uma correlação negativa significativa com as temperaturas de julho. Uma correlação significativa foi observada com a precipitação do final do verão, enquanto nenhuma relação significativa foi encontrada com o Índice de Severidade de Seca de Palmer. Essas correlações significativas com a temperatura e precipitação sugeriram que esta espécie de árvore tinha o potencial para a reconstrução do clima passado na área.

Abstract Climatic factors play an essential role in the growth of tree ring width. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between climatic variables and tree-ring growth characteristics of Pinus sibirica in Altai mountains, northwestern China. This study being is first of its kind on climate growth analysis of Pinus sibirica in northwestern China. The study showed great potential to understand the species growing under the specific climatic conditions. Total of 70 tree cores collected from three sites in the sampling area, out of which 63 tree cores considered for this study. The effect of climatic variables which was studied include precipitation, temperature and PDSI. Our results showed that Tree Ring Width chronology has a significantly positive correlation with the late winter (March) temperature and significant negative correlation with the July temperatures. A significant correlation was observed with the late summer precipitation whereas no significant relation found with the Palmer Drought Severity Index. These significant correlations with temperature and precipitation suggested that this tree species had the potential for the reconstruction of the past climate in the area.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244011 128 downloads

15.

Expression pattern of CRYAB and CTGF genes in two pig breeds at different altitudes
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Liu, S.

; Xing, L.

; Zhang, J.

; Wang, K.

; Duan, M.

; Wei, M.

; Zhang, B.

; Chang, Z.

; Zhang, H.

; Shang, P.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Fev 2022, Volume 74 Nº 1 Páginas 176 - 184

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Porcos tibetanos são caracterizados por diferenças fenotípicas significativas em relação aos porcos de planície. Nosso estudo anterior demonstrou que os genes CRYAB e CTGF eram expressos diferentemente nos tecidos do coração entre os porcos tibetanos (raça das terras altas) e Yorkshire (raça das terras baixas), indicando que eles poderiam participar da adaptação à hipoxia. CRYAB (ɑB-crystallin) e CTGF (fator de crescimento do tecido conjuntivo) também foram relatados como estando associados ao desenvolvimento pulmonar. Entretanto, os padrões de expressão do CRYAB e CTGF nos tecidos pulmonares em diferentes altitudes e sua caracterização genética não são bem compreendidos. Neste estudo, o qRT-PCR e a mancha ocidental de tecido pulmonar revelou níveis de expressão de CRYAB mais elevados em porcos tibetanos e Yorkshire de altitude e média altitude do que em seus pares de planície. Com um aumento na altitude, o nível de expressão do CTGF aumentou nos porcos tibetanos, enquanto diminuiu nos porcos Yorkshire. Além disso, foram identificados dois novos polimorfismos de um único nucleotídeo na região flanqueadora de CRYAB (g.39644482C>T e g.39644132T>C) e CTGF (g.31671748A>G e g.31671773T>G). O polimorfismo pode contribuir parcialmente com as diferenças nos níveis de expressão entre grupos a uma mesma altitude. Estas descobertas proporcionam novos conhecimentos sobre as adaptações de hipoxia a alta altitude dos porcos tibetanos.

ABSTRACT Tibetan pigs are characterized by significant phenotypic differences relative to lowland pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that the genes CRYAB and CTGF were differentially expressed in heart tissues between Tibetan (highland breed) and Yorkshire (lowland breed) pigs, indicating that they might participate in hypoxia adaptation. CRYAB (ɑB-crystallin) and CTGF (connective tissue growth factor) have also been reported to be associated with lung development. However, the expression patterns of CRYAB and CTGF in lung tissues at different altitudes and their genetic characterization are not well understood. In this study, qRT-PCR and western blot of lung tissue revealed higher CRYAB expression levels in highland and middle-highland Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs than in their lowland counterparts. With an increase in altitude, the expression level of CTGF increased in Tibetan pigs, whereas it decreased in Yorkshire pigs. Furthermore, two novel single-nucleotide polymorphism were identified in the 5′ flanking region of CRYAB (g.39644482C>T and g.39644132T>C) and CTGF (g.31671748A>G and g.31671773T>G). The polymorphism may partially contribute to the differences in expression levels between groups at the same altitude. These findings provide novel insights into the high-altitude hypoxia adaptations of Tibetan pigs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12403

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