Abstract Objective: To investigate the incidence, clinical and genetic characteristics of pediatric lymphoma patients of China with inborn errors of immunity (IEI)-related gene mutations, which have not been fully studied. Method: From Jan. 2020 to Mar. 2023, IEI-related genetic mutations were retrospectively explored in 108 children with lymphomas admitted to Beijing Children’s Hospital by NGS. Genetic rule and clinical characteristics as well as treatment outcomes were compared between patients with or without IEI-related gene mutations. Results: A total of 17 patients (15.7 %) harbored IEI-associated mutations, including 4 cases with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP), 3 cases had mutations in tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 13B (TNFRSF13B), 2 cases with Activated p110 syndrome (APDS). Patients with IEI all had alteration of immunocompetence with decreased levels of immunoglobulin and lymphocyte subsets. Recurrent infection existed in 41.2 % of patients. The 18-month event-free survival (EFS) and the overall response rate (ORR) of patients with IEI are significantly lower than those without IEI (33.86% vs. 73.26 %, p = 0.011; 52.94% vs. 87.91 %, p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, patients with IEI had a higher progression disease (PD) rate of 23.5 % than those without IEI of 4.4% (p = 0.006). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that IEI-associated lymphomas were much more common than originally appreciated in pediatric lymphomas, and those were insensitive to treatment and more likely to progress or relapse. The genomic analysis and a thorough review of the medical history of IEI can be used to distinguish them from pediatric lymphomas without IEI, which are beneficial for the early diagnosis and direct intervention. Objective incidence IEIrelated related studied Method Jan 202 Mar 2023 10 Childrens Children s NGS Results 1 15.7 157 15 7 (15. IEIassociated associated Xlinked X linked XLP, XLP , (XLP) B TNFRSF13B, TNFRSF13B TNFRSFB TNFRSF (TNFRSF13B) p11 APDS. APDS . (APDS) subsets 412 41 41. 18month month 18 eventfree event free EFS (EFS ORR (ORR 33.86% 3386 33 86 (33.86 vs 7326 73 26 73.2 0.011 0011 0 011 5294 52 94 52.94 8791 87 91 87.9 0002 002 0.002 respectively. respectively respectively) addition PD (PD 235 23 5 23. 44 4.4 0.006. 0006 0.006 006 0.006) Conclusion relapse intervention 20 15. (15 (XLP (TNFRSF13B p1 (APDS 33.86 338 8 (33.8 732 73. 0.01 001 01 529 9 52.9 879 87. 000 00 0.00 4. (1 33.8 (33. 0.0 52. ( 33. (33 0. (3

ABSTRACT Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is one of the common complications of mitral valve disease. Currently, in the absence of freezing equipment, it’s still impossible to fully conduct a minimally invasive Cox-maze IV procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of 28 patients who underwent thoracoscopic minimally invasive mitral valve full maze surgery in our hospital from October 2021 to September 2022; 13 patients were male and 15 were female, three suffered from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and 25 suffered from permanent atrial fibrillation; average age was 61.88±8.30 years, and mean preoperative left atrial diameter was 47.12±8.34 mm. Isolation of left atrial posterior wall (box lesion) was completed in all patients by cut-and-sew technique and bipolar clamp ablation. Results: For these subjects, the median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 169 (109.75-202.75) minutes, aortic cross-clamping time was 106 (77.75-125.50) minutes, and ventilator assistance time was 6.5 (0-10) hours. Among them, eight subjects had the endotracheal tubes removed immediately after surgical operation. Three subjects were in the blanking period; two subjects still had atrial fibrillation at three months after operation, one of whom resumed sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion therapy; and all the remaining 23 subjects had sinus rhythm. Conclusion: The minimally invasive cut-and-sew technique for electrical isolation of left pulmonary veins can improve sinus conversion rate of patients suffering from both mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. In selected subjects, it is safe and has good results in the short-term postoperative period. Introduction Currently equipment its s Coxmaze Cox Methods 2 202 2022 1 female 6188830 61 88 8 30 61.88±8.3 years 4712834 47 12 34 47.12±8.3 mm box lesion cutandsew cut sew ablation Results 16 109.75202.75 1097520275 109.75 202.75 109 75 (109.75-202.75 minutes crossclamping cross clamping 10 77.75125.50 777512550 77.75 125.50 77 125 50 (77.75-125.50 65 6 5 6. 010 0 (0-10 hours them operation period therapy Conclusion shortterm short term 20 618883 3 61.88±8. 471283 4 47.12±8. 75202 109.75202.7 109752027 10975 109.7 20275 202.7 7 (109.75-202.7 75125 77.75125.5 77751255 7775 77.7 12550 125.5 (77.75-125.5 01 (0-1 61888 61.88±8 47128 47.12±8 7520 109.75202. 10975202 1097 109. 2027 202. (109.75-202. 7512 77.75125. 7775125 777 77. 1255 125. (77.75-125. (0- 6188 61.88± 4712 47.12± 752 109.75202 1097520 (109.75-202 751 77.75125 777512 (77.75-125 (0 618 61.88 471 47.12 109.7520 109752 (109.75-20 77.7512 77751 (77.75-12 ( 61.8 47.1 109.752 (109.75-2 77.751 (77.75-1 61. 47. (109.75- (77.75- (109.75 (77.75 (109.7 (77.7 (109. (77. (109 (77 (10 (7 (1

Owing to merging antibiotic resistance, the synthesis of novel antibacterial agents becomes increasingly important. Carbon dots (CDs) belong to a new class of carbon-based nanomaterials that have shown great potential in combating emerging and drug-resistant infections due to their unique optical properties, such as excellent biocompatibility and easy surface modification. Herein, light-treated CDs (LCDs) with enhanced antibacterial activity and low drug resistance were synthesized by using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. LCDs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the light-emitting diode light, which kill two pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In addition, in vitro experiments show that the liquid crystal displays excellent biocompatibility. Due to the visible photo-oxidative activity, LCDs can be used as photodynamic therapy agents, providing efficient bactericidal activity. This study provides a simple way to modify CDs that lead to new properties. important (CDs carbonbased carbon based drugresistant resistant properties modification Herein lighttreated light treated (LCDs onepot one pot method ROS (ROS lightemitting emitting bacteria methicillinresistant methicillin S. S (S E. E (E coli. . coli) addition photooxidative photo oxidative

Abstract A novel wideband high-selectivity substrate-integratedwaveguide (SIW) filtering antenna with controllable radiation nulls is proposed. This antenna is composed of a two-layered SIW resonator, two radiating slots on the top layer, and two coupling slots on the middle layer. A vertical SMA connector is located at the bottom and feeds two SIW cavities simultaneously. By adjusting the parameters of these slots, three radiation nulls will be achieved, and two radiation nulls can be easily controlled. For demonstration, one prototype of the filtering antenna is fabricated and measured. Measurement results show that the fractional bandwidth for |S11| < -10 dB is 8.9% (3.86-4.23 GHz), the gain is 6.08 dBi at center frequency 4.05 GHz, three radiation nulls are achieved at 3.7 GHz, 4.3 GHz, and 5.19 GHz, respectively. The out-of-band skirt selectivities of two sidebands are 150 and 332 dB/GHz, respectively. highselectivity high selectivity substrateintegratedwaveguide substrate integratedwaveguide (SIW proposed twolayered layered resonator layer simultaneously controlled demonstration measured S11 S |S11 10 -1 89 8 9 8.9 3.864.23 386423 3.86 4.23 3 86 4 23 (3.86-4.2 GHz , GHz) 608 6 08 6.0 405 05 4.0 37 7 3. 43 4. 519 5 19 5.1 respectively outofband out band 15 33 dBGHz dB/GHz S1 |S1 1 - 8. 864 3.864.2 38642 386 3.8 423 4.2 2 (3.86-4. 60 0 6. 40 51 5. |S 3.864. 3864 38 42 (3.86-4 3.864 (3.86- (3.86 (3.8 (3. (3 (

ABSTRACT A sunken solar greenhouse is a unique structure used in China that has good thermal performance and a low cost. To explore the thermal environment and the marginal effect area under the trellis membrane in a sunken solar greenhouse, daytime heat absorption and nighttime exothermic models of the greenhouse were established based on existing theories and hypotheses. An experimental study of the three-dimensional thermal environment of a solar greenhouse was also conducted in the Jinzhong Basin of Shanxi Province. The daytime heat absorption model described how the internal thermal environment of the greenhouse changes in three dimensions, while the nighttime model calculated the amount of heat released at night. The results showed that the rate of change in the maximum temperature difference along the height direction in the greenhouse was 13 times that along the vertical direction, and three times that along the horizontal direction. We also observed that the marginal effect area under the membrane varied over time and by month. The minimum value of the marginal effect area occurred at the middle cross-section, spanning the middle position of the greenhouse, and the maximum height was 2.7 m. The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance and experimental data for the thermal environment of greenhouses of the same type in the Jinzhong Basin of Shanxi Province, thus providing a basis for environmental regulation and low-temperature margins in greenhouses. cost hypotheses threedimensional dimensional Province dimensions night 1 month crosssection, crosssection cross section, section cross-section 27 2 7 2. m lowtemperature

ABSTRACT Purpose: Wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging combined with transplantation is a novel option that combined amniotic membrane plugging with amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of small corneal perforations. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging in the treatment of small corneal perforations and compared it with that of the penetrating keratoplasty procedure. Methods: Forty patients (41 eyes) with small corneal perforations <3 mm in diameter treated at our hospital between July 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively included. Among them, 21 eyes were treated with wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging (wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging group), and 20 eyes were treated with penetrating keratoplasty procedure (penetrating keratoplasty procedure group). The best-corrected visual acuity, anterior chamber formation, corneal thickness, primary disease control, postoperative complications, and graft survival rate were assessed. Results: No significant difference in baseline characteristics was found between the wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging and penetrating keratoplasty procedure groups (p>0.05). The postoperative control rates of primary diseases in the wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging and penetrating keratoplasty procedure groups were 95.2% and 90.0%, respectively (p=0.481). Visual acuity was improved 6 months after the operation in the wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging group and was improved at postoperative 1 month in the penetrating keratoplasty procedure group. The formation time of the anterior chamber in the wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging group was significantly shorter than that in the penetrating keratoplasty procedure group (p=0.023). The corneal thickness of the two groups significantly increased 12 months after the operation; however, the degree of thickening in the penetrating keratoplasty procedure group was higher than that in the wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging group (p<0.001). During the follow-up, postoperative complications were not different between the two groups (p>0.999). Conclusion: The results suggest that wet bio-amniotic membrane plugging is effective and safe in the treatment of small corneal perforations. Thus, it can be used as an emergency treatment alternative to penetrating keratoplasty procedure for small corneal perforations. Purpose bioamniotic bio Methods 41 (4 3 < 201 202 included them 2 group, , group) . bestcorrected best corrected assessed Results p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 0 05 (p>0.05) 952 95 95.2 900 90 90.0% p=0.481. p0481 p=0.481 481 (p=0.481) p=0.023. p0023 p=0.023 023 (p=0.023) however p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) followup, followup follow up, up follow-up p>0.999. p0999 p>0.999 999 (p>0.999) Conclusion Thus 4 ( p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 9 95. 90.0 p048 p=0.48 48 (p=0.481 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.023 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p099 p>0.99 99 (p>0.999 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 90. p04 p=0.4 (p=0.48 p=0.0 (p=0.02 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p09 p>0.9 (p>0.99 p>0 (p>0. p=0. (p=0.4 (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (p>0.9 p> (p>0 p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0. (p> p= (p=0 p< (p<0 (p (p= (p<

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant that is implicated in the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, but the underlying mechanism has not been determined. We explored the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. RAW264.7 cells received receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and CoQ10, after which the differentiation and viability of osteoclasts were assessed. After the cells were treated with CoQ10 and/or H2O2 and RANKL, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways and autophagy were tested. Moreover, after the cells were pretreated with or without inhibitors of the two pathways or with the mitophagy agonist, the levels of autophagy-related proteins and osteoclast markers were measured. CoQ10 significantly decreased the number of TRAP-positive cells and the level of ROS but had no significant impact on cell viability. The relative phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, ERK, and p38 were significantly reduced, but the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly augmented. Moreover, the levels of FOXO3/LC3/Beclin1 were significantly increased by the inhibitors and mitophagy agonist, while the levels of osteoclast markers showed the opposite results. Our data showed that CoQ10 prevented RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by promoting autophagy via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Q Q1 CoQ (CoQ10 determined process RAW2647 RAW RAW264 7 RAW264. NFκB NF κB RANKL (RANKL assessed CoQ1 andor HO H O H2O (ROS PI3KAKTmTOR PIKAKTmTOR PI3K AKT mTOR PI K tested Moreover agonist autophagyrelated related measured TRAPpositive TRAP positive PIK ERK p p3 reduced FOXO3LC3Beclin1 FOXOLCBeclin FOXO3 LC3 Beclin1 FOXO LC Beclin FOXO3/LC3/Beclin augmented results RANKLinduced induced (CoQ1 RAW26 KAKTmTOR FOXO3LC3Beclin (CoQ RAW2

Abstract Pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are considered important in therapeutic and regenerative responses to lung injury. Despite extensive studies on the human, porcine, sheep, mouse and rat, it was found that PMSCs, which can been performed on goose, have not been well explored. Elucidation of cell differentiation, proliferation, which have not yet been well described, may promote the development of injured lung therapy. In our study, we firstly disclosed biological characteristics of spindle-shaped PMSCs from pulmonary tissues of goose embryos. Growth kinetics and counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay were employed for proliferative activity evaluation. When appropriately induced, PMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, type II alveolar epithelial cells (ATII), which demonstrated that PMSCs have cross-embryonic layer differentiation potential. Besides, undifferentiated PMSCs consistently expressed MSCs associated phenotypes, such as CD166, CD90, CD44, CD29, CD71 and CD105, as identified by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Karyotype analysis demonstrated that PMSCs possessed stable diploid karyotype. Collectively, we successfully established applicable methods for isolation, culture, identification and characterization of goose PMSCs which suggested a potential therapeutic use in regenerative therapy. (PMSCs injury human porcine sheep rat explored proliferation described therapy study spindleshaped spindle shaped embryos kit8 kit 8 kit- CCK8 CCK (CCK8 evaluation induced osteoblasts adipocytes chondrocytes ATII, ATII , (ATII) crossembryonic cross embryonic Besides phenotypes CD166 CD CD90 CD44 CD29 CD7 CD105 RTPCR. RTPCR RT PCR. PCR RT-PCR karyotype Collectively isolation culture (CCK (ATII CD16 CD9 CD4 CD2 CD10 CD1

ABSTRACT We focus here on the problem of poor real-time performance and low accuracy of seed box allowance detection during wheat sowing operations, and present a real-time weighing system for a seed box allowance. The proposed weighing system obtains the seed box allowance using an ultrasonic sensor and load cell, and displays it in real time via a computer. Based on the proposed weighing system, the weighing structure is also designed for the seed box. At the software level, three filtering methods are proposed to condition the signal, namely mean filtering, median filtering, and the acceleration method, and models of these three filtering algorithms are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Experiments to assess the accuracy of the system and filtering algorithm were carried out on the test bench; the results show that the system error is initially in the range −16.3 g to 63.8 g, and is reduced to the range −13.4 g to 15.1 g after correction. No significant difference between the three filtering algorithms is found, but since the acceleration method can improve the response speed of the system, this is selected as the final filtering method. realtime operations cell computer level signal MATLABSimulink MATLAB Simulink MATLAB/Simulink bench 163 16 3 −16. 638 63 8 63. 134 13 4 −13. 151 15 1 15. correction found −16 6 −13 −1 −

Abstract Objective This study was designed to investigate the effect of butorphanol-soaked nasal packing on analgesia and sleep quality in patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic nasal surgery. Methods Sixty-six patients were enrolled and randomly allocated into three groups: group B1 (butorphanol 0.03 mg/kg), group B2 (butorphanol 0.04 mg/kg) and group N (control group). The primary outcome was postoperative pain scores evaluated by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2 h (T1), 8 h (T2), 24 h (T3) and 48 h (T4) after surgery. Secondary outcome was postoperative sleep quality measured using Subjective Sleep Quality Value (SSQV). Results Postoperative VAS scores of butorphanol groups were significantly lower than the control group at T2, T3 and T4. VAS scores at each time point did not differ between groups B1 and B2. On the first and second nights after surgery, SSQV was higher in butorphanol groups than in the control group. There were no significant differences in SSQV1 and SSQV2 between group B1 and group B2. The incidence of respiratory depression, dizziness, agitation and rescue analgesic use did not show difference among three groups. Conclusions Butorphanol-soaked nasal packing can reduce pain and improve sleep quality after bilateral endoscopic nasal surgery without increasing adverse effects. A concentration of 0.03 mg/kg may be appropriate for clinical application. Level of Evidence Level 1B. butorphanolsoaked soaked Sixtysix Sixty six B 003 0 03 0.0 mg/kg, mgkg , mg kg 004 04 . group) (VAS T1, T1 T (T1) T2 (T2) (T3 4 T4 (T4 SSQV. (SSQV) depression dizziness Butorphanolsoaked Butorphanol effects application 1B 00 0. (T1 (T2 (T (SSQV

Abstract Slender reed straws in nature can withstand heavy weight of reed spikes and lateral wind force, and thus show good mechanical properties, especially compression resistance and shear resistance. In the paper, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of reed straws were studied. Three influencing factors of the straws were set according to the nodes (node-containing, node-free), location section (location 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), and moisture content (low, medium, high). The tensile strength of node-free reed straws with low moisture content ranged from 55.40 to 68.14 MPa at different locations. The axial compressive strength of node-containing straws was higher than that of node-free straws, and the influence of moisture content on the axial compressive strength was more obvious. The radial compressive strength of node-containing straws is 13.00 times higher than that of node-free straws in the corresponding part. The bending strength of straws gradually increases from the top to the root, and it is further enhanced with higher moisture content. The axial impact peak load of node-containing straws is up to 1.27 times that of node-free straws, and the axial impact peak load of straws with high moisture content is 1.40 times higher than that of straws with low moisture content in the corresponding part. The radial impact strength of reed straws gradually increases from the top to the root. In terms of bending impact strength, the impact toughness of reed straws ranges from 0.030 to 0.14 J·cm2, and the specific energy absorption ranges from 1.09 to 4.35 J/kg. Because of the excellent mechanical properties, reed straws provide important material performance data for the engineering field and inspire the design of new engineering materials or structures by improving strength and reducing weight. force paper quasistatic quasi static studied nodecontaining, nodecontaining node containing, containing (node-containing nodefree, nodefree free , node-free) 1 2 3 4 5, 5 5) low, (low medium high. . high) 5540 55 40 55.4 6814 68 14 68.1 locations obvious 1300 13 00 13.0 part root 127 27 1.2 140 1.4 0030 0 030 0.03 014 0.1 Jcm2 Jcm J cm2 cm J·cm2 109 09 1.0 435 35 4.3 Jkg kg J/kg 554 55. 681 6 68. 130 13. 12 1. 003 03 0.0 01 0. J·cm 10 43 4.

Abstract In urban combat, sub-millimeter inert metal powder is used to replace fragments in explosive bombs, which can effectively reduce collateral damage. In order to investigate the damage effect of high-speed metal particles on the human body, a particle ring filled with a charge was designed to create an explosion-driven particle cloud for the penetration ballistic gelatin. The particle ring was made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and sub-millimeter tungsten powder. The dispersion properties of the particle cloud driven by the explosion were studied with high-speed photography and ballistic gelatin. Furthermore, the numerical simulation models of particle-penetrating gelatin based on the experimental results were established with the finite element method. The influences of the particle size and velocity on the penetration depth and cavity diameter was obtained. The relationship between the critical interference distance of the cavity and the distance between particles was determined. This paper provides references and theoretical support for the design of low collateral damage ammunition based on inert metal powder. combat submillimeter sub millimeter bombs highspeed high speed body explosiondriven PTFE (PTFE Furthermore particlepenetrating penetrating method obtained determined

A charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) FJU-201 is constructed by N,N’-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalimide divalent anion (H2L2-), p-xylene and dimethylammonium. FJU-201 can only crystallize in solutions containing p-xylene, and cannot crystallize in both o-xylene and m-xylene. FJU-201 can also crystallize in xylene mixtures with the content of p-xylene is not less than 50%, which can be used for separating and purifying p-xylene, and it has good recyclability. chargeassisted charge assisted hydrogenbonded hydrogen bonded HOF (HOF FJU201 FJU 201 FJU-20 N,Nbis5isophthalic NNbis5isophthalic NNbisisophthalic N,N bis 5 isophthalic N acidnaphthalimide acid naphthalimide H2L2, H2L2 HL , H L (H2L2-) pxylene p dimethylammonium pxylene, xylene, oxylene o mxylene. mxylene m xylene. m-xylene 50 50% recyclability FJU20 20 FJU-2 Nbis5isophthalic Nbis NNbis NN H2L (H2L2- FJU2 2 FJU- Nbisisophthalic (H2L2 (H2L

With the increasing drilling depth, problems follow, such as the lifting height of the liquid in the well and increased pump operation. Therefore, improving the production efficiency of deep wells is a hot spot in the current oil drilling and production industry. This paper designs a new jet pump that can be mined for high and low-pressure oil layers according to the oil wells’ inter-layer contradiction. The FLUENT software is used to simulate the new jet pump, analyze the pump efficiency factors of the jet pump and the physical properties of the fluid, and the BP neural network is used to optimize the structure of the jet pump. The results show that the maximum pump efficiency of spout distance, duct diameter, duct distance, and spread angle is 2.61-5.22 mm, 6.393-8 mm, 42.5-53.2 mm, and 6-9°, respectively. The best spout distance, duct diameter, duct distance, and spread angle are 2.74 mm, 6.80 mm, 46.5 mm, and 7.4°after being optimized by the BP neural network model presented in this paper and the optimized pump efficiency is improved by 9.45%. depth follow operation Therefore industry lowpressure low pressure interlayer inter layer contradiction fluid distance diameter 2.615.22 261522 2.61 5.22 2 61 5 22 2.61-5.2 mm 6.3938 63938 6.393 8 6 393 6.393- 42.553.2 425532 42.5 53.2 42 53 42.5-53. 69°, 69 9°, 9 6-9° respectively 274 74 2.7 680 80 6.8 465 46 46. 74after after 7 4 945 45 9.45% 615 2.615.2 26152 261 2.6 522 5.2 2.61-5. 3938 6393 6.39 39 553 42.553. 42553 425 42. 532 53. 42.5-53 69° 9° 6-9 27 2. 68 6. 94 9.45 2.615. 2615 26 52 5. 2.61-5 639 6.3 3 55 42.553 4255 42.5-5 6- 9.4 2.615 2.61- 63 42.55 42.5- 9.

ABSTRACT Against the background of a sharp decline in soybean planting, rising imports, and natural disasters in China, finding appropriate distribution areas for soybean has become a matter of urgency so that soybean planting policies can be formulated and soybean food security ensured. Among the numerous ecological niche models, the most suitable one for predicting potential distribution areas of soybean in the frigid region must be identified. Based on 65 soybean occurrence points and nine environmental variables, three ecological niche models, MaxEnt, BIOCLIM, and DOMAIN, were applied to the prediction of potential distribution areas for soybean. According to the analytical comparison, the three models predicted the potential distribution of soybean and, specifically, MaxEnt, stood out above the other two models as regards predicting the soybean distribution (Receiver Operating Characteristic curve, AUC = 0.916, Kappa = 0.685). The potential distribution areas (from low suitability to high suitability) predicted by MaxEnt was the largest and accounted for 59.5 % of the total area. The potential suitable distribution area of soybean was mainly concentrated in relatively flat terrain. The Sanjiang Plain and the Northeast Plain accounted for 9.4 % of the total area in the frigid region and are highly suitability for soybean. At the same time, annual mean temperature, elevation and Apr solar radiation were the key determinants affecting soybeans’ habitat. On the whole, the selection of ecological niche models and the prediction of soybean potential distribution can provide an essential reference for soybean planting and planning. Moreover, it would be a reliable example for the subsequent related research on soybean habitats. imports China ensured identified 6 variables BIOCLIM DOMAIN comparison specifically Receiver curve 0916 0 916 0.916 0.685. 0685 0.685 . 685 0.685) from 595 59 5 59. terrain 94 9 4 9. time temperature soybeans habitat whole planning Moreover habitats 091 91 0.91 068 0.68 68 09 0.9 06 0.6 0.