Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of mortality on a global scale. Research indicates that women exhibit a greater likelihood of presenting with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) when experiencing symptoms of myocardial ischemia in comparison to men. Additionally, women tend to experience a higher burden of symptoms relative to men, and despite the presence of ischemic heart disease, they are frequently reassured erroneously due to the absence of obstructive CAD. In cases of ischemic heart disease accompanied by symptoms of myocardial ischemia but lacking obstructive CAD, it is imperative to consider coronary microvascular dysfunction as a potential underlying cause. Coronary microvascular dysfunction, characterized by impaired coronary flow reserve resulting from functional and/or structural abnormalities in the microcirculation, is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modifications and the use of anti-atherosclerotic and anti-anginal medications may offer potential benefits, although further clinical trials are necessary to inform treatment strategies. This review aims to explore the prevalence, underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic interventions for coronary microvascular dysfunction. scale nonobstructive non CAD (CAD men Additionally andor or microcirculation outcomes antiatherosclerotic anti atherosclerotic antianginal anginal benefits strategies prevalence mechanisms approaches

Resumo A doença cardiovascular é a causa predominante de mortalidade em escala global. A pesquisa indica que as mulheres, em comparação aos homens, apresentam maior probabilidade de apresentar doença arterial coronariana (DAC) não obstrutiva quando têm sintomas de isquemia miocárdica. Além disso, as mulheres tendem a apresentar uma maior carga de sintomas em relação aos homens e, apesar da presença de doença cardíaca isquêmica, são frequentemente tranquilizadas erroneamente devido à ausência de DAC obstrutiva. Nos casos de cardiopatia isquêmica acompanhada de sintomas de isquemia miocárdica, mas sem DAC obstrutiva, é imperativo considerar a disfunção microvascular coronariana como uma potencial causa subjacente. A disfunção microvascular coronariana, caracterizada por reserva de fluxo coronariano prejudicada resultante de anormalidades funcionais e/ou estruturais na microcirculação, está associada a desfechos cardiovasculares adversos. Modificações no estilo de vida e o uso de medicamentos antiateroscleróticos e antianginosos podem oferecer benefícios potenciais, embora sejam necessários mais ensaios clínicos para informar estratégias de tratamento. Esta revisão tem como objetivo explorar a prevalência, mecanismos subjacentes, abordagens diagnósticas e intervenções terapêuticas para disfunção microvascular coronariana. global (DAC miocárdica disso subjacente eou ou microcirculação adversos potenciais tratamento prevalência subjacentes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate objective treatment efficacy and safety, and subjective patient-reported outcomes in patients with complex ureteral strictures (US) undergoing minimally invasive lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty (LMGU). Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients underwent robotic or laparoscopic LMGU between May 2020 and July 2022. Clinical success was defined as symptom-free and no radiographic evidence of re-obstruction. Patient-reported outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mental health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), were longitudinally evaluated before surgery, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: Overall, 41 consecutive patients were included. All procedures were performed successfully with 32 patients in robotic approach and 9 in laparoscopic. Forty (97.56%) patients achieved clinical success during the median follow-up of 29 (range 15-41) months. Although patients with complex US experienced poor baseline HRQoL, there was a remarkable improvement following LMGU. Specifically, the 6-month and 12-month postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the baseline (p < 0.05) in most domains. Twenty-eight (68.3%) and 31 (75.6%) patients had anxiety and depression symptoms before surgery, respectively. However, no significant decrease in the incidence of these symptoms was observed postoperatively. Moreover, there was no significant deterioration of OHRQoL at 6 months and 12 months postoperatively when compared to the baseline. Conclusions: LMGU is a safe and efficient procedure for complex ureteral reconstruction that significantly improves patient-reported HRQoL without compromising OHRQoL. Assessing patients’ quality of life enables us to monitor postoperative recovery and progress, which should be considered as one of the criteria for surgical success. Objective safety patientreported patient reported (US . (LMGU) Methods 202 2022 symptomfree symptom free reobstruction. reobstruction re obstruction. obstruction re-obstruction Patientreported Patient healthrelated related , (HRQoL) OHRQoL, (OHRQoL) surgery 1 Results Overall 4 included 3 97.56% 9756 97 56 (97.56% followup follow up 2 range 1541 15 15-41 Specifically 6month month 12month p 0.05 005 0 05 domains Twentyeight Twenty eight 68.3% 683 68 (68.3% 75.6% 756 75 (75.6% respectively However Moreover Conclusions progress (LMGU 20 (HRQoL (OHRQoL 97.56 975 5 (97.56 154 15-4 0.0 00 68.3 (68.3 75.6 7 (75.6 97.5 (97.5 15- 0. 68. (68. 75. (75. 97. (97. (68 (75 (97 (6 (7 (9 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is one of the common complications of mitral valve disease. Currently, in the absence of freezing equipment, it’s still impossible to fully conduct a minimally invasive Cox-maze IV procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. Methods: We analyzed the clinical data of 28 patients who underwent thoracoscopic minimally invasive mitral valve full maze surgery in our hospital from October 2021 to September 2022; 13 patients were male and 15 were female, three suffered from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and 25 suffered from permanent atrial fibrillation; average age was 61.88±8.30 years, and mean preoperative left atrial diameter was 47.12±8.34 mm. Isolation of left atrial posterior wall (box lesion) was completed in all patients by cut-and-sew technique and bipolar clamp ablation. Results: For these subjects, the median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 169 (109.75-202.75) minutes, aortic cross-clamping time was 106 (77.75-125.50) minutes, and ventilator assistance time was 6.5 (0-10) hours. Among them, eight subjects had the endotracheal tubes removed immediately after surgical operation. Three subjects were in the blanking period; two subjects still had atrial fibrillation at three months after operation, one of whom resumed sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion therapy; and all the remaining 23 subjects had sinus rhythm. Conclusion: The minimally invasive cut-and-sew technique for electrical isolation of left pulmonary veins can improve sinus conversion rate of patients suffering from both mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. In selected subjects, it is safe and has good results in the short-term postoperative period.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to prepare Ganoderma-based activated carbons for chemical adsorption and catalyzing N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The activated carbons were prepared by applying different activation conditions. These carbon samples were applied to catalyze N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid to glyphosate. The results showed that the black Ganoderma char activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% phosphoric acid had the highest methylene blue adsorption capacity and DPPH scavenging activities, but the methylene blue adsorption capacity of the black Ganoderma sample activated at 800 °C for 90 min using 40% acid-base solution was lower than the red AC sample. These carbon samples had high thermal stability. Chemical modifications of these chars with the carbon modifiers at an optimized activation condition increased the Langmuir-specific surface areas of these carbon samples up to 2055.09 m2/g. The carbon sample of black Ganoderma activated using the 40% acid-base solution at 800 °C for 90 min and coupled with the addition of hydrogen peroxide during ultrasonication and microwave-assisted reactions had the highest glyphosate catalyzing rate. The glyphosate yield obtained from the catalyzing at atmospheric pressure was 58.78 ± 0.28%. These Ganoderma-based activated carbons can replace other carbon materials for catalysis applications and as adsorbents in food and pharmaceutical industries. Ganodermabased based Nphosphonomethyliminodiacetic N phosphonomethyl iminodiacetic conditions 80 C 9 40 activities acidbase base stability Langmuirspecific Langmuir specific 205509 2055 09 2055.0 m2g mg m2 g m m2/g microwaveassisted microwave assisted rate 5878 58 78 58.7 028 0 28 0.28% industries 8 4 20550 205 2055. 587 5 7 58. 02 2 0.28 20 0.2 0.

SUMMARY: Sex determination of unknown persons plays an important role in forensic science. As most bones used for sex determination are recovered in incomplete state, it is often necessary to use bones that are recovered intact e.g., the sphenoid sinus. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of sphenoid sinuses dimensions for sex determination using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in Chinese adults. MRI images of 79 sphenoid sinuses (from 44 men and 35 women) were retrospectively selected. The height, anterior-posterior diameter, area, and perimeter were measured in the midsagittal view of the sphenoid sinuses. All data were subjected to descriptive and discriminative functional analysis with unpaired t-test and canonical discriminant. Comparison between male and female groups showed significant statistical differences regarding the height, anterior-posterior diameter, area, and perimeter of sphenoid sinuses. The predictive accuracy rate of the sphenoid sinus to identify sex was 63.6 % in males and 62.9 % in females with an overall accuracy of 63.3 %. This study proposed the importance of sexual dimorphism of sphenoid sinus dimensions, especially if other methods are not available. It suggested using MRI in forensics science thus obviating the complete dependence on the usage of conventional computed tomography (CT) and facilitating the study of forensic anatomy at the level of soft tissue.

RESUMEN: La determinación del sexo de personas desconocidas juega un papel importante en la ciencia forense. Como la mayoría de los huesos utilizados para la determinación del sexo se recuperan en un estado incompleto, a menudo es necesario utilizar huesos recuperados intactos, por ejemplo, el seno esfenoidal. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el valor diagnóstico de las dimensiones de los senos esfenoidales para la determinación del sexo utilizando imágenes de resonancia magnética en individuos adultos chinos. Se seleccionaron retrospectivamente imágenes de resonancia magnética de 79 senos esfenoidales (de 44 hombres y 35 mujeres). La altura, el diámetro anteroposterior, el área y el perímetro de los senos esfenoidales, se midieron en vista mediana sagital. Todos los datos se sometieron a análisis funcional descriptivo y discriminativo con prueba t no pareada y discriminante canónico. La comparación entre los grupos de hombres y mujeres mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas en cuanto a la altura, el diámetro anteroposterior, el área y el perímetro de los senos esfenoidales. La tasa de precisión predictiva del seno esfenoidal para identificar el sexo fue del 63,6 % en hombres y del 62,9 % en mujeres, con una precisión general del 63,3 %. Este estudio propuso la importancia del dimorfismo sexual de las dimensiones del seno esfenoidal, especialmente si no se dispone de otros métodos. Se sugiere utilizar la resonancia magnética en la ciencia forense, obviando así la dependencia total del uso de la tomografía computarizada convencional y facilitando con esto el estudio de la anatomía forense a nivel de los tejidos blandos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine whether the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was associated with the short- and long-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: A total of 247 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital from April 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively selected as study subjects, and the immediate and long-term prognosis after thrombolysis was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale and divided into good prognosis group (119 cases) and poor prognosis group (128 cases) based on the effect of thrombolysis. Both groups were treated with alteplase, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of the two groups was compared, and the factors affecting the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke were analyzed. RESULTS: After intravenous thrombolysis, 24 h, and 7 days of treatment, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in the poor prognosis group was higher than those of patients in the good prognosis group, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The results of the multivariate analysis suggested that National Institute of Health Stroke Scale before treatment was an independent factor associated with the 3-month (OR: 1.068, 95%CI 1.015–1.123, p=0.011) and long-term poor prognosis (OR: 1.064, 95%CI 1.012–1.119, p=0.015) in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis after adjustment of age, gender, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumer, onset-to-door time, door-to-needle time, and imaging score. CONCLUSION: The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale could be a promising indicator for the prognosis, and active intervention is needed to improve the quality of life in patients with acute ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE short longterm long term METHODS 201 202 subjects 119 (11 cases 128 (12 alteplase compared analyzed RESULTS 2 h p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) 3month month 3 OR (OR 1068 1 068 1.068 95CI CI 95 10151123 015 123 1.015–1.123 p=0.011 p0011 011 1064 064 1.064 10121119 012 1.012–1.119 p=0.015 p0015 age gender index smoking consumer onsettodoor onset door time doortoneedle needle score CONCLUSION 20 11 (1 12 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 106 06 1.06 9 1015112 01 1.015–1.12 p=0.01 p001 1012111 1.012–1.11 ( p0 p<0. (p<0.0 10 1.0 101511 1.015–1.1 p=0.0 101211 1.012–1.1 p<0 (p<0. 1. 10151 1.015–1. p=0. 10121 1.012–1. p< (p<0 1015 1.015–1 p=0 1012 1.012–1 (p< 101 1.015– p= 1.012– (p 1.015 1.012 1.01

Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of five-flavor sophora flavescens enteric-coated capsules (FSEC) on TNF-α-induced inflammatory bowel disease and its molecular mechanism. Wistar Rats were divided divided into 6 groups: Normal control group (group A): normal diet, drinking water; Model group (group B): 100 μg/L TNF-α; FSEC high-dose group (group C): 100μg/L TNF-α + FSEC (432 mg/kg); FSEC medium-dose group (group D): 100 μg/L TNF-α + FSEC (216 mg/kg); FSEC low-dose group (group E): 100 μg/L TNF-α + FSEC (108 mg/kg); Positive control group (group F): 100 μg/L TNF-α + 500 mg/kg sulfasalazine (SAZ). Animals in each group were intragastrically administered twice daily for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last treatment and colon tissues were collected for subsequent experiments. The results of HE staining showed that the colonic tissue of TNF-α-fed animals appeared damage, while the colonic tissue of animals treated with FSEC was improved to various degrees, and the histological characteristics of colon were basically recovered in the high-dose group, suggesting that FSEC could be used to treat TNF-α-induced colonic tissue damage. According to the results of ELISA and immunohistochemistry, the recovery of colonic tissue structure in rats treated with different doses of FSEC might be related to the decrease of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, TLR-4 and NF-κB proteins expression. According to the results of Western blotting, TNF-α-pretreated IEC-6 cells cultured with medicated serum decreased the expression of TRIF and IFN-γ proteins. These results suggest that FSEC has a protective effect on ulcerative colitis (UC), and the mechanism may be through inhibiting the activation of TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway and preventing the release of related inflammatory factors. fiveflavor five flavor entericcoated enteric coated (FSEC TNFαinduced TNF α induced groups A A) diet water B B) 10 μgL μg L TNFα highdose high dose C C) 100μgL 100μg 432 (43 mgkg mg kg mg/kg) mediumdose medium D D) 216 (21 lowdose low E E) 108 (10 F F) 50 SAZ. SAZ . (SAZ) days 2 experiments TNFαfed fed damage degrees immunohistochemistry TNFα, α, IL6, IL6 IL 6, IL-6 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 TLR4 TLR 4 TLR- NFκB NF κB blotting TNFαpretreated pretreated IEC6 IEC IEC- IFNγ IFN γ UC, UC , (UC) TLR4/NFκB TLR4NFκB TLRNFκB 4/NF factors 1 43 (4 21 (2 (1 5 (SAZ IL- IL1 IL-1 (UC 4NF (

Resumo Objetivo Este artigo estuda o impacto das identidades sociais do empreendedor nos comportamentos de bootstrapping e o efeito de mediação das identidades sociais do empreendedor. Referencial teórico Este artigo utiliza a teoria da identidade social e a teoria effectuation como abordagem teórica. Metodologia Usamos regressões e modelos de equações estruturais com base em uma pesquisa com 365 empresas recém-criadas na Área Econômica e de Desenvolvimento de Hangzhou (HEDA) da China. Resultados Nossos resultados sugerem que os empreendedores com identidade darwiniana preferem o bootstrapping relacionado ao pagamento e o bootstrapping relacionado ao proprietário, enquanto aqueles com identidade missionária preferem o bootstrapping de utilização conjunta. O estudo empírico também constata que a causation medeia a relação entre identidades darwinianas e o bootstrapping relacionado ao pagamento, identidade social darwiniana e bootstrapping relacionado ao proprietário, identidade missionária e bootstrapping de utilização conjunta. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Ao explorar a influência da identidade social dos empreendedores nos comportamentos de bootstrapping e o efeito da mediação da lógica de tomada de decisão, este estudo pode ajudar os empreendedores a escolher comportamentos de bootstrapping adequados de acordo com sua identidade social correspondente. Contribuições Os resultados contribuem para a nossa compreensão dos fatores que impulsionam os comportamentos de bootstrapping de novos empreendimentos a partir da perspectiva da identidade social dos empreendedores e permitem uma forma mais rica e completa de explicar o comportamento de bootstrapping a partir da perspectiva da teoria da identidade. Os resultados também contribuem para a literatura sobre a relação entre identidade social dos empreendedores e comportamentos de bootstrapping, retratando e testando empiricamente os mecanismos de mediação da lógica de tomada de decisão neles.

Abstract Purpose This article studies the impact of entrepreneurs’ social identities on bootstrapping behaviors, and the mediation effect of the decision-making logic. Theoretical framework This article uses the theory of social identity and the theory of effectuation as its theoretical approach. Design/methodology/approach We used regressions and structural equation modeling based on a survey of 365 newly-created firms in China’s Hangzhou Economic and Development Area (HEDA). Findings Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs who have a Darwinian identity prefer payment-related bootstrapping and owner-related bootstrapping, while those who have a missionary identity prefer joint-utilization bootstrapping. The empirical study also finds that causation mediates the relationship between Darwinian identities and payment-related bootstrapping, Darwinian identities and owner-related bootstrapping, and missionary identities and joint-utilization bootstrapping. Practical & social implications of research By exploring the influence of entrepreneurs’ social identity on bootstrapping behaviors and the mediation effect of the decision-making logic, this study might help entrepreneurs choose suitable bootstrapping behaviors according to their corresponding social identity. Originality/value The findings contribute to our understanding of factors that drive the bootstrapping behaviors of nascent ventures from the perspective of entrepreneurs’ social identity, and they provide a richer and more complete way of explaining bootstrapping behavior from the perspective of identity theory. The findings also contribute to the literature on the relationship between entrepreneurs’ social identity and bootstrapping behaviors by depicting and empirically testing the mediation mechanisms of the decision-making logic.

Resumo: Antecedentes: Com o contínuo aumento da prevalência da doença de Alzheimer (DA), a reconciliação medicamentosa no tratamento de pacientes portadores da doença é também iminente. Objetivo: Explorar o papel e a importância da reconciliação medicamentosa no tratamento de DA. Métodos: 100 pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade com diagnóstico de DA foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: tratamento convencional (CON) e mudança medicamentosa (MED). A relação das prescrições médicas de todos os indivíduos foi obtida dentro das 24 horas após a admissão, usando-se os critérios Beers, os critérios STOPP / START, e a Farmacopéia Chinesa foi usada como intervenção no grupo MED. A reconciliação medicamentosa foi realizada em 2 semanas, 1 mês e 2 meses após a admissão hospitalar. O número de medicamentos prescritos, a quantidade de medicamentos, a taxa de erro de medicação, o efeito terapêutico, as reações adversas a medicamentos e os níveis de satisfação dos familiares e cuidadores principais foram comparados entre os dois grupos. Resultados: Após a intervenção, os tipos e a quantidade de medicação no grupo MED foram menores em comparação com o grupo CON, juntamente com uma taxa de erro de medicação reduzida. A pontuação do mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM) e a proporção de pacientes bem nutridos no grupo MED foram maiores do que no grupo CON. Observou-se também que o escore da habilidade física de autocuidado e a proporção de pacientes com deglutição alterada foram menores quando comparados ao grupo CON. A incidência de reações adversas a medicamentos no grupo MED foi menor do que no grupo CON. Por outro lado, o índice de satisfação foi superior ao do grupo CON. Conclusão: A reconciliação medicamentosa pode reduzir os erros de medicação em pacientes com DA.

ABSTRACT Background: With the continuous increase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is also imminent to treat patients with AD for medication reconciliation. Objective: To explore the role and value of medication reconciliation in AD treatment. Methods: 100 patients over 65 years of age diagnosed with AD were randomly separated into two groups: conventional treatment and medication reforming. The list of medical orders of all subjects was obtained within 24 hours after admission with Beers criteria, STOPP/START criteria, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia used as the MED intervention criteria. Medication reconciliation was performed at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after hospital admission. The number of medications prescribed, the quantity of the medication, medication error rate, therapeutic effect, adverse drug reactions, and satisfaction levels of family members and main caregivers were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the types and amount of medication in the MED group were less compared to the CON group along with a reduced medication deviation rate. The Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and the proportion of well-nourished patients in the MED group were higher than those in the CON group. It was also observed that the physical self-care ability score and the proportion of patients with abnormal swallowing were lower when in comparison with the CON group. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the MED group was lower than that in the CON group. However, the satisfaction rate was higher than that in the CON group. Conclusion: Medication reconciliation can reduce the medication deviation in AD patients.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of altitude on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of different colors of Anemone obtusiloba in populations. The variations of reproductive ingredient and sex allocation of three colors of Anemone obtusiloba in different four altitudinal gradients at the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau were examined. Our results showed that with the increased altitude, gynoecium/flower, androceium/flower and gynoecium/individual were increased, but androceium/individual, gynoecium number/flower, androceium number/flower, gynoecium number/ individual and androceium number/individual in three flower color of Anemone obtusiloba were decreased. Besides, male allocation and ♂/♀ were also decreased, which showed female-biased sex allocation. Furthermore, in the four altitudinal gradients, the individual size of same color was positively correlated with reproductive ingredient, and altitude had a direct impact on size-dependent reproductive ingredient. However, there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and individual size in the same color of Anemone obtusiloba. Moreover, in the four altitudinal gradients, the reproductive investment of same color was positively correlated with gynoecium and androceium, but there were not certain correlations between male allocation, ♂/♀ and reproductive investment. In conclusion, altitude had a significant effect on reproductive ingredient and sex allocation in different colors of Anemone obtusiloba. Different colors of Anemone obtusiloba all increased of female function with the increased altitude. However, there were difference in influence mechanism of altitude on size-dependent reproductive ingredient and distribution between female and male function of resource.

Abstract Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) is a conserved transcription factor (TF) widely present in eukaryotes, and it plays an important role in regulating plant growth and stress responses. To better understand the white pear bZIP gene family, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the pear genome was performed. A total of 84 PbbZIP genes were identified, which were divided into 13 subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. The 84 PbbZIP genes were all located in the nucleus, and 77 of those genes were unevenly distributed across the 17 chromosomes of white pear. The other 7 PbbZIP genes were located on the scaffold. Subsequent expression profile analysis showed that PbbZIP genes in exocarp were significantly upregulated or downregulated in ‘Huangguan’ pear with brown spot (BS) compared with healthy pear and in response to hormonal treatment with gibberellin A3 (GA3). These results provide helpful insights into the characteristics of PbbZIP genes and their responses to BS in ‘Huangguan’ pear.

Abstract Dezocine is an opioid receptor agonist – antagonist gaining popularity in clinical practice. It is both μ-receptor agonist and antagonist activities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of dezocine on the CNS oxidative and inflammation in mice. Eight-week old female BALB/c mice were obtained from Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University animal center. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Medical University. We found that increasing dose of dezocine induced oxidative stress and inflammation in multiple brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, temporal cortex, and striatum. Elevated expression levels of anti- oxidants (NRF2, SOD-1 and HO-1), KEAP-1, GSH and MDA were found in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Elevated HO-1 and NRF2 levels were detected in the cerebellum and temporal cortex in the 3.0 mg/kg dezocine treated group. The SOD-1, HO-1, KEAP-1, NRF2, GSH and MDA levels were similar among groups in the olfactory bulb. The prefrontal cortex and striatum showed the most elevated oxidative stress (NRF2, SOD-1, and HO-1) marker levels. The number of PV-positive interneurons was decreased in the 1.5 mg/kg dezocine treated group, while the number of PNNs steadily increased over 3.0 mg/kg dezocine treated.

Resumo: Antecedentes: Com o contínuo aumento da prevalência da doença de Alzheimer (DA), a reconciliação medicamentosa no tratamento de pacientes portadores da doença é também iminente. Objetivo: Explorar o papel e a importância da reconciliação medicamentosa no tratamento de DA. Métodos: 100 pacientes com mais de 65 anos de idade com diagnóstico de DA foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: tratamento convencional (CON) e mudança medicamentosa (MED). A relação das prescrições médicas de todos os indivíduos foi obtida dentro das 24 horas após a admissão, usando-se os critérios Beers, os critérios STOPP / START, e a Farmacopéia Chinesa foi usada como intervenção no grupo MED. A reconciliação medicamentosa foi realizada em 2 semanas, 1 mês e 2 meses após a admissão hospitalar. O número de medicamentos prescritos, a quantidade de medicamentos, a taxa de erro de medicação, o efeito terapêutico, as reações adversas a medicamentos e os níveis de satisfação dos familiares e cuidadores principais foram comparados entre os dois grupos. Resultados: Após a intervenção, os tipos e a quantidade de medicação no grupo MED foram menores em comparação com o grupo CON, juntamente com uma taxa de erro de medicação reduzida. A pontuação do mini-exame do estado mental (MEEM) e a proporção de pacientes bem nutridos no grupo MED foram maiores do que no grupo CON. Observou-se também que o escore da habilidade física de autocuidado e a proporção de pacientes com deglutição alterada foram menores quando comparados ao grupo CON. A incidência de reações adversas a medicamentos no grupo MED foi menor do que no grupo CON. Por outro lado, o índice de satisfação foi superior ao do grupo CON. Conclusão: A reconciliação medicamentosa pode reduzir os erros de medicação em pacientes com DA.

ABSTRACT Background: With the continuous increase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is also imminent to treat patients with AD for medication reconciliation. Objective: To explore the role and value of medication reconciliation in AD treatment. Methods: 100 patients over 65 years of age diagnosed with AD were randomly separated into two groups: conventional treatment and medication reforming. The list of medical orders of all subjects was obtained within 24 hours after admission with Beers criteria, STOPP/START criteria, and Chinese Pharmacopoeia used as the MED intervention criteria. Medication reconciliation was performed at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after hospital admission. The number of medications prescribed, the quantity of the medication, medication error rate, therapeutic effect, adverse drug reactions, and satisfaction levels of family members and main caregivers were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, the types and amount of medication in the MED group were less compared to the CON group along with a reduced medication deviation rate. The Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and the proportion of well-nourished patients in the MED group were higher than those in the CON group. It was also observed that the physical self-care ability score and the proportion of patients with abnormal swallowing were lower when in comparison with the CON group. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the MED group was lower than that in the CON group. However, the satisfaction rate was higher than that in the CON group. Conclusion: Medication reconciliation can reduce the medication deviation in AD patients.

ABSTRACT Explaining where plants originated and how plants migrated between eastern Asia and other Northern Hemisphere regions is still challenging. The genus Arisaema is considered a good example to illuminate this process, due to its wide distribution in both the tropical and temperate zones. Based on comprehensive taxon sampling, the historical biogeography of Arisaema was conducted using the molecular data from four chloroplast DNA regions. The phylogeny of Arisaema was studied by using ML and BI methods. Divergence times of Arisaema species were estimated by the uncorrelated lognormal Bayesian method. The ancestral area reconstruction of Arisaema was performed with BioGeoBEARS and Bayes-DIVA. Our results indicated that the crown group of Arisaema originated in Southeast Asia ca. 31.28 Ma. After the initial origin, Arisaema was inferred to have become widespread in Southeast Asia. Members in Himalayas, Africa and North China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula region (NJK region) were derived from migrants originating in Southeast Asia. American members were derived from migrants originating in the NJK region. Arisaema originated in Southeast Asia during the Oligocene with the development of tropical rainforest and a warm, moist climate. During the Oligocene to Miocene, Southeast Asia was the original center for the diversification of Arisaema in the NJK region.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds seeded with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on functional recovery after acute complete spinal cord injury. METHODS: The fibroin and collagen were mixed (mass ratio, 3:7), and the composite scaffolds were produced. Forty rats were randomly divided into the Sham group (without spinal cord injury), spinal cord injury group (spinal cord transection without any implantation), collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds group (spinal cord transection with implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds), and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (spinal cord transection with the implantation of the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds co-cultured with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells). Motor evoked potential, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scale, modified Bielschowsky's silver staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. RESULTS: The BBB scores in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly higher than those in the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The amplitude and latency were markedly improved in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Meanwhile, compared to the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups, more neurofilament positive nerve fiber ensheathed by myelin basic protein positive structure at the injury site were observed in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group (p<0.01, p<0.05). The results of Bielschowsky's silver staining indicated more nerve fibers was observed at the lesion site in the collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds + human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells group compared with the spinal cord injury and collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds groups (p<0.01, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that the transplantation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds could promote nerve regeneration, and recovery of neurological function after acute spinal cord injury.