Abstract Objective Due the lack of data on the treatment of Vascular Vertigo and Dizziness, this study aimed to report how we managed and treated those outpatients according to the recently introduced American Heart Association and Stroke Association guidelines. Methods We conducted a longitudinal case series from May 2022 to February 2023. We included patients who met the Bárány Society’s Vascular Vertigo and Dizziness classification and were eligible for therapy in accordance with the American Heart Association and Stroke Association guidelines, featuring aspects of the stroke group and transient attack group. Results Overall, 41 patients (51.2% female; median age 72 years) were enrolled; 10 (24.3%) had ischemic strokes, 30 (73.1%) had transient ischemic attack, and 1 (2.4%) had a probable isolated labyrinthine infarction. The patients received dual antiplatelet (48.7%), single antiplatelet therapy (48.7%), and anticoagulant therapy (2.4%). No new crises occurred in 95.2% of the patients, and the transient ischemic attack group showed a significant decrease in discomfort from imbalance on the visual analog scale. Conclusions Antiplatelets and anticoagulants are safe and effective in treating Vascular Vertigo and Dizziness as they prevent new ischemic events and increase the flow of the posterior circulation, reducing vertigo/dizziness attacks and imbalance complaints. Level of evidence 4. guidelines 202 2023 Societys Society s Overall 4 51.2% 512 51 2 (51.2 female 7 years enrolled 24.3% 243 24 3 (24.3% strokes 73.1% 731 73 (73.1% 2.4% (2.4% infarction 48.7%, 487 48.7% , 48 (48.7%) 2.4%. . 952 95 95.2 scale circulation vertigodizziness vertigo dizziness complaints 20 51.2 5 (51. 24.3 (24.3 73.1 (73.1 2.4 (2.4 48.7 (48.7% 9 95. 51. (51 24. (24. 73. (73. 2. (2. 48. (48.7 (5 (24 (73 (2 (48. ( (7 (48 (4

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the findings of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). METHOD: From our outpatient neurotology clinic, we selected patients (using the criteria proposed by Grad and Baloh) with a clinical diagnosis of VBI. We excluded patients with any definite cause for vestibular symptoms, a noncontrolled metabolic disease or any contraindication to MRA or TCD. The patients in the study group were sex- and age-matched with subjects who did not have vestibular symptoms (control group). Our final group of patients included 24 patients (study, n=12; control, n=12). RESULTS: The MRA results did not demonstrate significant differences in the findings between our study and control groups. TCD demonstrated that the systolic pulse velocity of the right middle cerebral artery, end diastolic velocity of the basilar artery, pulsatility index (PI) of the left middle cerebral artery, PI of the right middle cerebral artery, and PI of the basilar artery were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group, suggesting abnormalities affecting the microcirculation of patients with a clinical diagnosis of VBI compared with controls. CONCLUSION: MRA failed to reveal abnormalities in patients with a clinical diagnosis of VBI compared with controls. The PI of the basilar artery, measured using TCD, demonstrated high sensitivity (91%) and specificity (91%) for detecting clinically diagnosed VBI.

Abstract Introduction Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is defined as transitory ischemia of the vertebrobasilar circulation. Dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body are the most common symptoms. Objective To review the literature regarding the three available diagnostic testing in patients with dizziness complaints secondary to vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI): magnetic resonance angiography; transcranial Doppler ultrasound; and vertebrobasilar deprivation testing. Data Synthesis We selected 28 studies that complied with our selection criteria for appraisal. The most frequent cause of the hemodynamic changes leading to VBI is atherosclerosis. The main clinical symptoms are dizziness, vertigo, headaches, vomit, diplopia, blindness, ataxia, imbalance, and weakness in both sides of the body. Even though arteriography is considered the most important exam to diagnose the disease, the inherent risks of this exam should be taken into consideration. The magnetic resonance angiography has been widely studied and is a good method to identify and localize any occlusions and stenosis in both neck and intracranial great vessels. Conclusion Each patient with a suspected diagnosis of VBI should be individually evaluated and treated, taking in consideration the pros and cons of each diagnostic testing and treatment option.

O trauma do seio frontal não é raro, correspondendo a 8% das fraturas faciais. Pode afetar a lâmina anterior e/ou posterior, com ou sem envolvimento do ducto nasofrontal. Tem alto potencial para complicações e seu manejo ainda é controvertido em algumas situações. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a epidemiologia, o diagnóstico e tratamento clínico e cirúrgico de 24 pacientes com fratura do seio frontal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, não randomizado, de 24 pacientes com fratura de seio frontal operados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. RESULTADOS: Dos 24 pacientes, 16 tinham fraturas da lâmina externa e 8, da lâmina interna e externa. Em 2 casos havia lesão do ducto nasofrontal. Vinte (83,4%) pacientes tiveram fraturas faciais associadas e em 13 (54,2%) foram observadas complicações intracranianas. A incisão em asa de borboleta, abaixo da sobrancelha, foi empregada na maioria dos casos cirúrgicos com bom resultado estético. Fixação dos fragmentos ósseos com diferentes materiais (fio de aço, mononylon, miniplacas de titânio) e, se necessário, reconstrução da tábua anterior com material aloplástico ou osso parietal. CONCLUSÃO: A causa principal das fraturas do seio frontal é acidente com veículos. O tratamento depende de sua complexidade, pois comumente há lesões cranioencefálicas associadas. As técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas são as incisões, retalho bicoronal ou na sobrancelha, infra-orbital (em asa de borboleta), associadas à cirurgia endoscópica em casos de infecção fístula liquórica e complicações orbitárias.

The frontal sinus trauma is not rare and it is 8% of the facial fractures. It can affect the anterior and/or posterior plates, with or without hitting the nasofrontal duct. It has a large potential of complications and its management still being a controversy. OBJECTIVE: To present the casuistic of fractures frontal sinus, the epidemiology and clinical and surgical management of frontal sinus fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Not randomized retrospective study of 24 patients with frontal sinus fractures Hospital of Clinics, School of Medicine Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: From the 24 patients, we had 16 (66,6%) fractures of the extern plate and 8 (33,4%) of both. In 2 patients the nasofrontal duct was involved. Others facial fractures were associated in 20 (83,4%) cases and major lesions of the cerebral segment were found in 13 (54,2%). Subpalpebral incision was performed in the majority with satisfactory aesthetic results. The basis of the surgical treatment was reduction and fixation with different materials (steel wire, mononylon, titanium miniplates) and if necessary we used alogen implants or parietal bone to reconstruct the anterior plate. CONCLUSION: The principal cause of frontal sinus fractures is crashed car. The management depends of the complexity, because commonly there are cranioencephalic lesions associated. The surgical thecniques used are the incisions, bicoronal flap or brow-glabella, infra-orbital rim ("butterfly"), associated a endoscopy sinus surgery in cases of infection, cerobrospinal fluid leak and orbital complications.

Distúrbios neuropsicológicos são encontrados em até 30% de crianças com Distúrbio Ventilatório Obstrutivo (DVO). OBJETIVO: Analisar a incidência de distúrbios neuropsicológicos em crianças brasileiras com diagnóstico de DVO, através de um questionário de screening, e comparar respostas antes e depois do tratamento cirúrgico. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram estudadas 30 crianças com diagnóstico clínico de DVO divididas em 3 grupos etários: grupo I com crianças de 4 a 7 anos, grupo II de 8 a 10 anos e grupo III com 11 anos ou mais. Os questionários foram respondidos pelos pais/responsáveis, contendo 30 questões divididas em bloco de 10 sobre déficit de atenção, hiperatividade e impulsividade. As crianças receberam o diagnóstico de um dos distúrbios quando apresentavam 3 ou mais questões positivas. A segunda entrevista ocorreu 6 meses após a adenotonsilectomia. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (60,6%) em relação ao sexo feminino (39,4%). O grupo II foi o que apresentou mais significativas mudanças, com redução de 87,5% a 33,3% dos pacientes com déficit de atenção, 75% a 50% dos hiperativos e 50% a 33% dos impulsivos. CONCLUSÕES: Houve melhora neuropsicológica após a cirurgia, o que ocorreu principalmente no grupo de escolares (8 a 10 anos). Maior interação entre os profissionais de saúde é necessária no diagnóstico e acompanhamento dessas crianças.

Neuropsychological disorders are frequently associated with obstructive ventilatory disorders (OVD). AIM: To analyze the incidence of neuropsychological disorders in Brazilian children with OVD, using a screening questionnaire and to compare the answers given before and after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 30 children with clinical diagnosis of OVD. The children were divided into 3 groups: group I, children aged 4 to 7; group II, from 8 to 10; and group III, children over 11. The applied questionnaires were answered by the parents or tutors, and comprised 30 questions, 10 for each disorder: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The children were diagnosed with one of the disorders when presented 3 or more positive answers. The follow up interview occurred 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male gender (60.6%) over female gender (39.4%). Group II presented the highest number of significant changes, with reductions raging from 87.5% to 33.3% of patients with attention deficit, 75% to 50% of the hyperactive patients, and 50% to 33% of the impulsive patients. CONCLUSION: There was neuropsychological improvement after the surgery, which occurred mainly in the children from group II. More interaction among health professionals is necessary when diagnosing and following up similar cases.