ABSTRACT Purpose: To study epidemiological data, laboratory results, and risk factors associated with microbial keratitis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of corneal sample cultures from patients with microbial keratitis from January 2010 to December 2019. Results were analyzed according to the etiological diagnosis of bacterial, mycotic, or parasitic infection and were associated with related risk factors. Results: We analyzed 4810 corneal samples from 4047 patients (mean age 47.79 ± 20.68 years; male 53.27%). The prevalence of bacterial, fungal, and Acanthamoeba infections were 69.80%, 7.31%, and 3.51%, respectively. The most frequently isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (45.14%), S. aureus (10.02%), Pseudomonas spp. (8.80%), and Corynebacterium spp. (6.21%). Among CoNS, the main agent was S. epidermidis (n=665). For mycotic keratitis, Fusarium spp. (35.42%) and Candida parapsilosis (16.07%) were the most common agents among filamentous and yeasts isolates, respectively. Contact lens use was associated with a positive culture for Acanthamoeba spp. (OR = 19.04; p < 0.001) and Pseudomonas spp. (OR = 3.20; p < 0.001). Previous ocular trauma was associated with positive fungal cultures (OR = 1.80; p = 0.007), while older age was associated with positive bacterial culture (OR = 1.76; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a higher positivity of corneal sample cultures for bacteria. Among those, CoNS was the most frequently identified, with S. epidermidis as the main agent. In fungal keratitis, Fusarium spp. was the most commonly isolated. Contact lens wearers had higher risks of positive cultures for Acanthamoeba spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Ocular trauma increased the risk of fungal infection, while older age increased the risk of bacterial infection. Purpose data results Methods 201 2019 481 404 mean 4779 47 79 47.7 2068 20 68 20.6 years 53.27%. 5327 53.27% . 53 27 53.27%) 6980 69 80 69.80% 731 7 31 7.31% 351 3 51 3.51% respectively coagulasenegative coagulase negative (CoNS 45.14%, 4514 45.14% , 45 14 (45.14%) S 10.02%, 1002 10.02% 10 02 (10.02%) spp 8.80%, 880 8.80% 8 (8.80%) 6.21%. 621 6.21% 6 21 (6.21%) n=665. n665 n n=665 665 (n=665) 35.42% 3542 35 42 (35.42% 16.07% 1607 16 07 (16.07% isolates OR 19.04 1904 19 04 0.001 0001 0 001 3.20 320 0.001. 1.80 180 1 0.007, 0007 0.007 007 0.007) 1.76 176 76 Conclusions those identified 48 40 477 4 47. 206 2 20. 532 53.27 5 698 69.80 73 7.31 3.51 451 45.14 (45.14% 100 10.02 (10.02% 88 8.80 (8.80% 62 6.21 (6.21% n66 n=66 66 (n=665 35.42 354 (35.42 16.07 160 (16.07 19.0 190 0.00 000 00 3.2 32 1.8 18 1.7 17 53.2 69.8 7.3 3.5 45.1 (45.14 10.0 (10.02 8.8 (8.80 6.2 (6.21 n6 n=6 (n=66 35.4 (35.4 16.0 (16.0 19. 0.0 3. 1. 53. 69. 7. 45. (45.1 10. (10.0 8. (8.8 6. (6.2 n= (n=6 35. (35. 16. (16. 0. (45. (10. (8. (6. (n= (35 (16 (45 (10 (8 (6 (n (3 (1 (4 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar os dados epidemiológicos, resultados laboratoriais e fatores de risco associados às ceratites infecciosas. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo das amostras de cultura de córnea em pacientes com ceratites infecciosas entre Janeiro/2010 a Dezembro/2019. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com o diagnóstico etiológico de infecção bacteriana, fúngica ou parasitária e correlacionado com os fatores de risco relacionados. Resultados: Quatro mil, oitocentas e dez amostras corneanas de 4047 pacientes (média de idade de 47,79 ± 20,68 anos; homens em sua maioria (53,7%) foram incluídas. A prevalência de infecções por bactéria, fungo e Acanthamoeba foram de 69.80%, 7,31%, and 3,51%, respectivamente. A maioria das bactérias mais frequentemente isoladas foram Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo (CoNS) (45,14%), S. aureus (10,02%), Pseudomonas spp. (8,80%), e Corynebacterium spp. (6,21%). Dentre CoNS, o principal agente foi S. epidermidis (n = 665). Nas ceratites fúngicas, Fusarium spp. (35,42%) e Candida parapsilosis (16,07%) foram os agentes mais comuns entre os filamentosos e leveduriformes, respectivamente. O uso de lentes de contato foi associado à cultura positiva para Acanthamoeba spp. (OR = 19,04; p < 0,001) e Pseudomonas spp (OR = 3,20; p < 0,001). Trauma ocular prévio foi associado a culturas positivas para fungo (OR = 1,80; p = 0,007), e idade avançada foi associada a culturas positivas para bactéria (OR = 1,76; p = 0,001). Conclusões: Nossos achados demonstraram uma maior positividade para bactérias em amostras de cultura corneana. Dentre estas, CoNS foi mais frequentemente identificado, sendo S. epidermidis o principal agente. Nas ceratites fúngicas, Fusarium spp. Foi o mais comumente isolado. O risco de positividade para Acanthamoeba spp. e Pseudomonas spp. foi maior em usuários de lentes de contato. Trauma ocular aumentou o risco de cultura positiva para fungo, ao passo que idade mais avançada aumentou o risco de infecção bacteriana. Objetivo epidemiológicos Métodos Janeiro2010 Janeiro 2010 Janeiro/201 Dezembro2019 Dezembro 2019 Dezembro/2019 bacteriana relacionados Resultados mil 404 média 4779 47 79 47,7 2068 20 68 20,6 anos 53,7% 537 53 7 (53,7% incluídas 6980 69 80 69.80% 731 31 7,31% 351 3 51 3,51% respectivamente coagulasenegativo coagulase negativo (CoNS 45,14%, 4514 45,14% , 45 14 (45,14%) S 10,02%, 1002 10,02% 10 02 (10,02%) 8,80%, 880 8,80% 8 (8,80%) 6,21%. 621 6,21% . 6 21 (6,21%) n 665. 665 665) fúngicas 35,42% 3542 35 42 (35,42% 16,07% 1607 16 07 (16,07% leveduriformes OR 19,04 1904 19 04 0,001 0001 0 001 3,20 320 0,001. 1,80 180 1 0,007, 0007 0,007 007 0,007) 1,76 176 76 Conclusões corneana estas identificado isolado Janeiro201 201 Janeiro/20 Dezembro201 Dezembro/201 40 477 4 47, 206 2 20, 53,7 5 (53,7 698 69.80 73 7,31 3,51 451 45,14 (45,14% 100 10,02 (10,02% 88 8,80 (8,80% 62 6,21 (6,21% 66 35,42 354 (35,42 16,07 160 (16,07 19,0 190 0,00 000 00 3,2 32 1,8 18 1,7 17 Janeiro20 Janeiro/2 Dezembro20 Dezembro/20 53, (53, 69.8 7,3 3,5 45,1 (45,14 10,0 (10,02 8,8 (8,80 6,2 (6,21 35,4 (35,4 16,0 (16,0 19, 0,0 3, 1, Janeiro2 Janeiro/ Dezembro2 Dezembro/2 (53 69. 7, 45, (45,1 10, (10,0 8, (8,8 6, (6,2 35, (35, 16, (16, 0, Dezembro/ (5 (45, (10, (8, (6, (35 (16 ( (45 (10 (8 (6 (3 (1 (4

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors. alcohol 1317. 1317 13 17. 17 13-17 crosssectional cross sectional 201 SchoolBased School Based Survey 3 days blocks characteristics context aspects stressors p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 model 33 3.3% male Midwest Southeast permission time 131 1 13-1 20 p00 p<0. 3.3 13- 2 p0 p<0 3. p<

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes. Objetivouse Objetivou se álcool 1 anos transversal 2019. 2019 . (2019) 3 dias blocos sociodemográficas familiar estressoras hierarquizada p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 33 3,3% masculino CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste Sudeste permissão livre fumantes vivida sociodemográficos familiares estressantes 201 (2019 p00 p<0,0 3,3 20 (201 p0 p<0, 3, 2 (20 p<0 (2 p< (

Abstract Introduction Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK) patients are at an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Currently, there are no well-validated biomarkers to assess this risk in this population. Previous research in different cohorts has linked serum levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its polymorphisms to accelerated atherosclerosis and a marker of poor prognosis in CVD. Thus, we assessed this protein as a potential biomarker of CVD in TAK patients. Objectives To evaluate the serum levels of OPG and its SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in TAK patients and healthy controls, and to associate these parameters with clinical data. Methods This bicentric cross-sectional study included TAK patients who were compared with healthy individuals (control group). The serum levels of OPG and the frequency of OPG SNPs [1181G > C (rs2073618), 245 A > C (rs3134069), 163T > C (rs3102735), and 209 C > T (rs3134070)] were compared between the both groups and associated with clinical data. Results In total, 101 TAK patients and 93 controls were included in the study. The serum levels of OPG (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 4.3 ± 1.8pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.059), and its four polymorphisms were comparable between both groups. In an additional analysis of only TAK patients, serum OPG levels and its four genes were not associated with any CVD parameters, except for higher OPG levels among patients without dyslipidemia. Conclusion No significant differences were observed in serum OPG levels or in the genotype frequencies of OPG SNPs between the patient and control groups. Similarly, no correlation was found between laboratory parameters and clinical data on CVD risk in TAK patients. Takayasus Takayasu s (TAK . (CVD) Currently wellvalidated well validated population (OPG Thus single crosssectional cross sectional group. group group) 1181G G rs2073618, rs2073618 rs , (rs2073618) 24 rs3134069, rs3134069 (rs3134069) rs3102735, rs3102735 (rs3102735) 20 rs3134070 (rs3134070) total 10 9 3.8 38 3 8 (3. 19 1 1. vs 43 4 4. 18pmolL pmolL 8pmol L pmol 1.8pmol/L respectively 0.059, 0059 0.059 0 059 0.059) dyslipidemia Similarly (CVD rs207361 (rs2073618 2 rs313406 (rs3134069 rs310273 (rs3102735 rs313407 (rs3134070 3. (3 005 0.05 05 rs20736 (rs207361 rs31340 (rs313406 rs31027 (rs310273 (rs313407 ( 00 0.0 rs2073 (rs20736 rs3134 (rs31340 rs3102 (rs31027 0. rs207 (rs2073 rs313 (rs3134 rs310 (rs3102 rs20 (rs207 rs31 (rs313 (rs310 rs2 (rs20 rs3 (rs31 (rs2 (rs3 (rs

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados ao conhecimento de universitários sobre o HIV e as profilaxias pré e pós-exposição. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 503 universitários de um estado do sul do Brasil, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento de caracterização e um questionário contendo 16 afirmativas sobre o tema; na análise, utilizaram-se medidas descritivas e modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: a prevalência de conhecimento adequado (ou seja, mais de 12 acertos) foi de 27,83%; os universitários com idade superior a 24 anos, dos cursos da área de saúde, que não tiveram relações sexuais no último trimestre, com histórico de teste rápido para HIV e que sabiam ou já tinham ouvido falar sobre as profilaxias apresentaram maior probabilidade de obter mais de 12 acertos. Conclusões: verificou-se que, de modo geral, o conhecimento dos jovens sobre o HIV e suas profilaxias foi inadequado e influenciado por fatores sociodemográficos, educacionais e comportamentais. Objetivos pósexposição. pósexposição pós exposição. exposição pós-exposição Métodos 50 Brasil 1 tema análise utilizaramse utilizaram se robusta Resultados seja acertos 27,83% 2783 27 83 2 anos saúde trimestre Conclusões verificouse verificou geral sociodemográficos comportamentais 5 27,83 278 8 27,8 27,

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the factors associated with university students’ knowledge about HIV and pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 503 university students from a southern state in Brazil; data were collected using a characterization tool and a questionnaire containing 16 statements about the topic; descriptive measures and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used for analysis. Results: the prevalence of adequate knowledge (i.e., scoring more than 12 correct answers) was 27.83%; students older than 24 years, enrolled in health-related courses, who had not engaged in sexual relations in the last quarter, with a history of rapid HIV testing, and who knew or had heard about the prophylaxes showed a higher likelihood of scoring more than 12 correct answers. Conclusions: generally, the knowledge of young people about HIV and its prophylaxes was found to be inadequate and influenced by sociodemographic, educational, and behavioral factors. Objectives pre postexposure post exposure prophylaxis Methods crosssectional cross sectional 50 Brazil 1 topic analysis Results i.e., ie i e (i.e. answers 27.83% 2783 27 83 2 years healthrelated health related courses quarter testing Conclusions generally sociodemographic educational 5 i.e. (i.e 27.83 278 8 i.e 27.8 27.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los factores asociados con el conocimiento de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el VIH y la profilaxis pre y post exposición. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con 503 estudiantes universitarios de un estado del sur de Brasil; los datos se recopilaron utilizando una herramienta de caracterización y un cuestionario que contenía 16 declaraciones sobre el tema; se utilizaron medidas descriptivas y modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para el análisis. Resultados: la prevalencia de conocimiento adecuado (es decir, obtener más de 12 respuestas correctas) fue del 27.83%; los estudiantes mayores de 24 años, matriculados en cursos relacionados con la salud, que no habían tenido relaciones sexuales en el último trimestre, con antecedentes de pruebas rápidas de VIH y que conocían o habían oído hablar sobre las profilaxis mostraron una mayor probabilidad de obtener más de 12 respuestas correctas. Conclusiones: en general, se encontró que el conocimiento de los jóvenes sobre el VIH y sus profilaxis era inadecuado e influenciado por factores sociodemográficos, educativos y conductuales. Objetivos exposición Métodos 50 Brasil 1 tema análisis Resultados es decir correctas 27.83% 2783 27 83 2 años salud trimestre Conclusiones general sociodemográficos conductuales 5 27.83 278 8 27.8 27.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a completude vacinal em tempo oportuno nos primeiros 24 meses de vida no Brasil e os obstáculos para vacinação, testando-se associações com raça/cor da pele materna. Métodos Fez-se coleta de informações sobre os nascidos em 2017 e 2018, constantes no Inquérito Nacional de Cobertura Vacinal. Foram calculados prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% de obstáculos à vacinação e completude vacinal em tempo oportuno aos 5 meses, primeiro e segundo ano, segundo raça/cor da pele materna. Empregou-se regressão logística para análise de associações. Resultados Analisaram-se dados de 37.801 crianças. Do total, 7,2% (IC95% 6,3;8,2) dos responsáveis enfrentaram dificuldades para levar seus filhos para vacinação e 23,4% (IC95% 21,7;25,1) das crianças não foram vacinadas, mesmo sendo levadas. Essas proporções foram 75% (IC95% 1,25;2,45) e 97% (IC95% 1,57;2,48) mais elevadas, respectivamente, entre pretas; e 49,9% (IC95% 47,8;51,9) e 61,1% (IC95% 59,2;63,0) das crianças tiveram atraso em alguma vacina até os 5 meses e o primeiro ano, respectivamente. Tais valores foram maiores entre pardas/pretas. Conclusão Há desigualdades raciais nos obstáculos enfrentados e na vacinação no Brasil. 2 testandose testando se raçacor raça cor materna Fezse Fez 201 2018 Vacinal 95 ano Empregouse Empregou Analisaramse Analisaram 37801 37 801 37.80 total 72 7 7,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 6,38,2 6382 6,3 8,2 6 3 8 6,3;8,2 234 23 4 23,4 21,725,1 217251 21,7 25,1 21 25 1 21,7;25,1 vacinadas levadas 75 1,252,45 125245 1,25 2,45 45 1,25;2,45 97 1,572,48 157248 1,57 2,48 57 48 1,57;2,48 elevadas respectivamente pretas 499 49 9 49,9 47,851,9 478519 47,8 51,9 47 51 47,8;51,9 611 61 61,1 59,263,0 592630 59,2 63,0 59 63 0 59,2;63,0 pardaspretas pardas pardas/pretas 20 3780 80 37.8 7, IC9 (IC9 38 6,38, 638 6, 82 8, 6,3;8, 23, 725 21,725, 21725 217 21, 251 25, 21,7;25, 252 1,252,4 12524 125 1,2 245 2,4 1,25;2,4 572 1,572,4 15724 157 1,5 248 1,57;2,4 49, 851 47,851, 47851 478 47, 519 51, 47,8;51, 61, 263 59,263, 59263 592 59, 630 63, 59,2;63, 378 37. (IC 6,38 6,3;8 21,725 2172 21,7;25 1,252, 1252 12 1, 2, 1,25;2, 1,572, 1572 15 1,57;2, 85 47,851 4785 47,8;51 26 59,263 5926 59,2;63 6,3; 21,72 21,7;2 1,252 1,25;2 1,572 1,57;2 47,85 47,8;5 59,26 59,2;6 21,7; 1,25; 1,57; 47,8; 59,2;

ABSTRACT Objective To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. Methods Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. Conclusion There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil. 2 Brazil raceskin skin color 37801 37 801 37,80 201 Survey 95 1 regression 72 7 7.2 95%CI 95CI CI 6.38.2 6382 6.3 8.2 6 3 8 6.3;8.2 234 23 4 23.4 21.725.1 217251 21.7 25.1 21 25 21.7;25.1 taken 75 1.252.45 125245 1.25 2.45 45 1.25;2.45 97 1.572.48 157248 1.57 2.48 57 48 1.57;2.48 respectively 499 49 9 49.9 47.851.9 478519 47.8 51.9 47 51 47.8;51.9 611 61 61.1 59.263.0 592630 59.2 63.0 59 63 0 59.2;63.0 Blackmixed mixed 3780 80 37,8 20 7. 38 6.38. 638 6. 82 8. 6.3;8. 23. 725 21.725. 21725 217 21. 251 25. 21.7;25. 252 1.252.4 12524 125 1.2 245 2.4 1.25;2.4 572 1.572.4 15724 157 1.5 248 1.57;2.4 49. 851 47.851. 47851 478 47. 519 51. 47.8;51. 61. 263 59.263. 59263 592 59. 630 63. 59.2;63. 378 37, 6.38 6.3;8 21.725 2172 21.7;25 1.252. 1252 1. 2. 1.25;2. 1.572. 1572 15 1.57;2. 85 47.851 4785 47.8;51 26 59.263 5926 59.2;63 6.3; 21.72 21.7;2 1.252 1.25;2 1.572 1.57;2 47.85 47.8;5 59.26 59.2;6 21.7; 1.25; 1.57; 47.8; 59.2;

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ABSTRACT Objective To describe timely vaccination completion and obstacles in the first 24 months of life in Brazil, examining associations with maternal race/skin color. Methods Study participants were 37,801 children born in 2017 and 2018 included in the National Immunization Coverage Survey. We calculated prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for timely vaccine completeness and obstacles at 5, 12 and 24 months of life, according to maternal race/skin color. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results 7.2% (95%CI 6.3;8.2) of mothers faced difficulties in taking their children to be vaccinated, and 23.4% (95%CI 21.7;25.1) were not vaccinated when taken. These proportions were 75% (95%CI 1.25;2.45) and 97% (95%CI 1.57;2.48) higher, respectively, among Black mothers. At least one vaccination was delayed among 49.9% (95%CI 47.8;51.9) and 61.1% (95%CI 59.2;63.0) of children by 5 and 12 months, respectively. These rates were higher among Black/mixed race mothers. Conclusion There are racial inequalities in both the obstacles faced and in vaccination rates in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever a completude vacinal em tempo oportuno nos primeiros 24 meses de vida no Brasil e os obstáculos para vacinação, testando-se associações com raça/cor da pele materna. Métodos Fez-se coleta de informações sobre os nascidos em 2017 e 2018, constantes no Inquérito Nacional de Cobertura Vacinal. Foram calculados prevalência e intervalos de confiança de 95% de obstáculos à vacinação e completude vacinal em tempo oportuno aos 5 meses, primeiro e segundo ano, segundo raça/cor da pele materna. Empregou-se regressão logística para análise de associações. Resultados Analisaram-se dados de 37.801 crianças. Do total, 7,2% (IC95% 6,3;8,2) dos responsáveis enfrentaram dificuldades para levar seus filhos para vacinação e 23,4% (IC95% 21,7;25,1) das crianças não foram vacinadas, mesmo sendo levadas. Essas proporções foram 75% (IC95% 1,25;2,45) e 97% (IC95% 1,57;2,48) mais elevadas, respectivamente, entre pretas; e 49,9% (IC95% 47,8;51,9) e 61,1% (IC95% 59,2;63,0) das crianças tiveram atraso em alguma vacina até os 5 meses e o primeiro ano, respectivamente. Tais valores foram maiores entre pardas/pretas. Conclusão Há desigualdades raciais nos obstáculos enfrentados e na vacinação no Brasil.

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ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children’s schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as coberturas e hesitação das vacinas do calendário básico infantil em Belo Horizonte e Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Métodos Inquéritos epidemiológicos de base populacional realizados de 2020 a 2022, para estimar coberturas vacinais por tipo de imunobiológico e esquema completo (doses válidas e aplicadas) segundo estratos socioeconômicos, e os motivos de hesitação vacinal. Resultados A cobertura global com doses válidas e a hesitação vacinal de pelo menos uma vacina foram, respectivamente, de 50,2% (IC95% 44,1;56,2) e 1,6% (IC95% 0,9;2,7), em Belo Horizonte (n = 1.866), e de 64,9% (IC95% 56,9;72,1) e 1,0% (IC95% 0,3;2,8), em Sete Lagoas (n = 451), com diferenças entre os estratos. O receio de reações graves foi o principal motivo de hesitação vacinal. Conclusão Identificou-se coberturas abaixo do preconizado para a maioria das vacinas. A desinformação deve ser combatida, evitando-se a hesitação vacinal. Há necessidade premente de recuperar as coberturas, considerando acesso ao SUS e disparidades socioeconômicas.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as coberturas e hesitação das vacinas do calendário básico infantil em Belo Horizonte e Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Métodos Inquéritos epidemiológicos de base populacional realizados de 2020 a 2022, para estimar coberturas vacinais por tipo de imunobiológico e esquema completo (doses válidas e aplicadas) segundo estratos socioeconômicos, e os motivos de hesitação vacinal. Resultados A cobertura global com doses válidas e a hesitação vacinal de pelo menos uma vacina foram, respectivamente, de 50,2% (IC95% 44,1;56,2) e 1,6% (IC95% 0,9;2,7), em Belo Horizonte (n = 1.866), e de 64,9% (IC95% 56,9;72,1) e 1,0% (IC95% 0,3;2,8), em Sete Lagoas (n = 451), com diferenças entre os estratos. O receio de reações graves foi o principal motivo de hesitação vacinal. Conclusão Identificou-se coberturas abaixo do preconizado para a maioria das vacinas. A desinformação deve ser combatida, evitando-se a hesitação vacinal. Há necessidade premente de recuperar as coberturas, considerando acesso ao SUS e disparidades socioeconômicas. Gerais 202 2022 aplicadas socioeconômicos foram respectivamente 502 50 2 50,2 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 44,156,2 441562 44,1 56,2 44 1 56 44,1;56,2 16 6 1,6 0,92,7, 0927 0,9 2,7 , 0 9 7 0,9;2,7) n 1.866, 1866 1.866 866 1.866) 649 64 64,9 56,972,1 569721 56,9 72,1 72 56,9;72,1 10 1,0 0,32,8, 0328 0,3 2,8 3 8 0,3;2,8) 451, 451 451) Identificouse Identificou se combatida evitandose evitando socioeconômicas 20 5 50, IC9 (IC9 156 44,156, 44156 441 44, 562 56, 4 44,1;56, 1, 92 0,92,7 092 09 0, 27 2, 0,9;2,7 186 1.86 86 64, 972 56,972, 56972 569 721 72, 56,9;72, 32 0,32,8 032 03 28 0,3;2,8 45 (IC 15 44,156 4415 44,1;56 0,92, 0,9;2, 18 1.8 97 56,972 5697 56,9;72 0,32, 0,3;2, 44,15 44,1;5 0,92 0,9;2 1. 56,97 56,9;7 0,32 0,3;2 44,1; 0,9; 56,9; 0,3;

ABSTRACT Objective To describe vaccination coverage and hesitation for the basic children’s schedule in Belo Horizonte and Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods Population-based epidemiological surveys performed from 2020 to 2022, which estimated vaccine coverage by type of immunobiological product and full schedule (valid and ministered doses), according to socioeconomic strata; and reasons for vaccination hesitancy. Results Overall coverage with valid doses and vaccination hesitancy for at least one vaccine were, respectively, 50.2% (95%CI 44.1;56.2) and 1.6% (95%CI 0.9;2.7), in Belo Horizonte (n = 1,866), and 64.9% (95%CI 56.9;72.1) and 1.0% (95%CI 0.3;2.8), in Sete Lagoas (n = 451), with differences between socioeconomic strata. Fear of severe reactions was the main reason for vaccination hesitancy. Conclusion Coverage was identified as being below recommended levels for most vaccines. Disinformation should be combated in order to avoid vaccination hesitancy. There is a pressing need to recover coverages, considering public health service access and socioeconomic disparities. childrens children s state Brazil Populationbased Population based 202 2022 doses, , doses) strata were respectively 502 50 2 50.2 95%CI 95CI CI 95 44.156.2 441562 44.1 56.2 44 1 56 44.1;56.2 16 6 1.6 0.92.7, 0927 0.9 2.7 0 9 7 0.9;2.7) n 1,866, 1866 1,866 866 1,866) 649 64 64.9 56.972.1 569721 56.9 72.1 72 56.9;72.1 10 1.0 0.32.8, 0328 0.3 2.8 3 8 0.3;2.8) 451, 451 451) vaccines coverages disparities 20 5 50. 156 44.156. 44156 441 44. 562 56. 4 44.1;56. 1. 92 0.92.7 092 09 0. 27 2. 0.9;2.7 186 1,86 86 64. 972 56.972. 56972 569 721 72. 56.9;72. 32 0.32.8 032 03 28 0.3;2.8 45 15 44.156 4415 44.1;56 0.92. 0.9;2. 18 1,8 97 56.972 5697 56.9;72 0.32. 0.3;2. 44.15 44.1;5 0.92 0.9;2 1, 56.97 56.9;7 0.32 0.3;2 44.1; 0.9; 56.9; 0.3;

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Abstract Interleukins 6 and 17 act in bone resorption in the presence of infections of endodontic origin for host defense. Genetic polymorphisms may be associated with increased bone loss, represented by areas of large periapical lesions. This study aimed to verify the frequency of interleukin 6 and 17 gene polymorphism in patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess and to verify the existence of correlations between periapical lesion area with age, gender, and presence of the polymorphism, in the studied population, in the state of Pernambuco. A population consisting of thirty diagnosed individuals was included. The area of the lesions was measured in mm². Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for interleukin 6 (rs 1800795) and interleukin 17 (rs 2275913). Fisher's exact, chi-square, and odds ratio tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was also performed using sex, age, and the presence of polymorphism as covariates, in addition to linear regression to test the relationship between age and lesion area. All tests used a significance level of 0.05% (p ≤0.05%). There was no statistical significance in the occurrence of large areas of periapical lesions correlated with age, sex, and diagnosis, nor in the distribution of alleles in the polymorphism of interleukins 6 and 17 in the studied groups. The frequency of homozygous and heterozygous polymorphism was high. The polymorphism of these interleukins is not correlated with the increase in the areas of asymptomatic periapical inflammatory lesions. 1 defense loss gender Pernambuco included mm² mm rs 1800795 2275913. 2275913 . 2275913) Fishers Fisher s exact chisquare, chisquare chi square, square chi-square sex covariates 005 0 05 0.05 p ≤0.05%. ≤0.05% ≤0.05%) diagnosis groups high 180079 227591 00 0.0 ≤0.05 18007 22759 0. ≤0.0 1800 2275 ≤0. 180 227 ≤0 18 22 ≤ 2

Resumo As interleucinas 6 e 17 atuam na reabsorção óssea na presença de infecções de oriegem endodôntica para defesa do hospedeiro. Polimorfismos genéticos podem estar associados ao aumento da perda óssea, representada por áreas de lesões periapicais grandes. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a frequência do polimorfismo dos genes interleucina 6 e 17 em pacientes com periodontite apical assintomática ou abscesso apical crônico e verificar a existência de correlações entre área de lesão periapical com idade, sexo e presença do polimorfismo, na população estudada, no estado de Pernambuco. Foi incluída uma população constituída por trinta indivíduos diagnosticados. A áreas da lesões foram medidas em mm². O DNA genômico foi extraído e a genotipagem realizada por Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmento de Restrição de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase para interleucina 6 (rs 1800795) e interleucina 17 (rs 2275913). Os testes exato de Fisher, qui-quadrado e odds ratio foram utilizados. Uma análise de regressão logística também foi realizada usando sexo, idade e presença de polimorfismo como covariável, além de regressão linear para testar a relação da idade e área da lesão. Todos os testes utilizaram um nível de significância de 0,05% (p ≤0.05%). Não houve significância estatística na ocorrência das áreas grandes de lesões periapicais correlacionadas com idade, sexo e diagnóstico nem nas distribuições de alelos no polimorfismo das interleucinas 6 e 17 nos grupos estudados. A frequência de polimorfismo homozigoto e heterozigoto foi alta. O polimorfismo dessas interleucinas não está correlacionado ao aumento das áreas das lesões inflamatórias periapicais assintomáticas. 1 hospedeiro estudada Pernambuco diagnosticados mm² mm rs 1800795 2275913. 2275913 . 2275913) Fisher quiquadrado qui quadrado utilizados covariável 005 0 05 0,05 p ≤0.05%. ≤0.05% ≤0.05%) estudados alta assintomáticas 180079 227591 00 0,0 ≤0.05 18007 22759 0, ≤0.0 1800 2275 ≤0. 180 227 ≤0 18 22 ≤ 2

ABSTRACT Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody with the ability to bind itself to CD20, leads to a rapid depletion of B-cells (in around 24-72 hours), limiting antibody formation. The marker CD20 does not exist in any other cell type, which makes the action of rituximab specific. This antibody has been used in autoimmune entities such as rheumatoid arthritis and in hematological malignancies, but recently it has gained popularity as an important immunosuppressor in selected kidney diseases. In nephrology, this anti-CD20 antibody had its first indication in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, but can now be used in primary membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, lupus nephritis and others. There is also some data that indicates rituximab might have a promising role in other glomerular diseases in the future, but to date evidence is still lacking to recommend its widespread use. The aim of this document is to compile the most recent scientific evidence as to when rituximab should be used in the treatment of various glomerular diseases, and which other may come to benefit from it in the future.

ABSTRACT Interstitial keratitis is an inflammation of the corneal stroma without epithelium or endothelium involvement. The underlying causes are mostly infectious or immune mediated. Brazil has one of the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis in the world. Tuberculosis is considered one of the causes of interstitial keratitis. Malnutrition and anemia are risk factors of the disseminated disease. This is a case report of a 10-year-old child who presented with decreased visual acuity and a clinical diagnosis of bilateral interstitial keratitis and sclero-uveitis. The patient had been treated with topical steroids with partial improvement. Examinations revealed severe iron deficiency anemia, negative serologies for human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis, positivity for cytomegalovirus- and herpes simplex-specific IgG, and purified protein derivative of 17 mm. During the follow-up, the patient presented with tonic-clonic seizures, and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a central nervous system tuberculoma. Interstitial keratitis improvement was observed after specific tuberculosis treatment. This is the first case report describing the association of interstitial keratitis and central nervous system tuberculoma. involvement mediated world disease 10yearold yearold 10 year old sclerouveitis. sclerouveitis sclero uveitis. uveitis sclero-uveitis syphilis cytomegalovirus simplexspecific simplex IgG 1 mm followup, followup follow up, up follow-up tonicclonic tonic clonic seizures tuberculoma treatment

RESUMO A ceratite intersticial é uma inflamação do estroma corneano sem envolvimento epitelial ou endotelial causada principalmente por doenças infecciosas e imunomediadas. O Brasil tem altas taxas de tuberculose que deve ser lembrada como causa de ceratite intersticial. Desnutrição e anemia são fatores de risco da forma disseminada da tuberculose. Este é um relato de uma criança de 10 anos com redução de acuidade visual e diagnóstico clínico de ceratite intersticial bilateral e esclerouveíte. O paciente obteve melhora parcial da ceratite com corticoide tópico. Exames laboratoriais mostraram anemia ferropriva grave, sorologias negativas para HIV e sífilis; IgM negativo e IgG positivo para citomegalovírus e herpes simplex e PPD positivo (17 mm). Ele evoluiu com crises tônico-clônicas e a ressonância nuclear magnética revelou tuberculoma do sistema nervoso central. A melhora da ceratite intersticial foi observada após tratamento para tuberculose. Este é o primeiro caso que descreve a associação de ceratite intersticial e tuberculoma do sistema nervoso central. imunomediadas 1 esclerouveíte tópico grave sífilis 17 (1 mm. mm . mm) tônicoclônicas tônico clônicas central (

BACKGROUND Recurrence is a hallmark of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), and conditions that influence its occurrence remain a challenge. Natural killer cells (NK) are effectors cells whose primary is cytotoxic function against many parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii. Among the NK cell receptors, immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) deserve attention due to their high polymorphism. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the influence of KIR gene polymorphism in the course of OT infection and its association with recurrences after an active episode. METHODS Ninety-six patients from the Ophthalmologic Clinic of the National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas were followed for up to five years. After DNA extraction, genotyping of the patients was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) utilising Luminex equipment for reading. During follow-up, 60.4% had a recurrence. FINDINGS We identified 25 KIR genotypes and found a higher frequency of genotype 1 (31.7%) with worldwide distribution. We note that the KIR2DL2 inhibitor gene and the gene activator KIR2DS2 were more frequent in patients without recurrence. Additionally, we observed that individuals who carry these genes progressed recurrence episodes slowly compared to individuals who do not carry these genes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated as possible protection markers against ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence (OTR). OT, , (OT) challenge (NK parasites gondii immunoglobulinlike immunoglobulin like (KIR episode Ninetysix Ninety six years extraction sequencespecific sequence specific PCRSSO PCR SSO (PCR-SSO reading followup, followup follow up, follow-up 604 60 4 60.4 2 31.7% 317 31 7 (31.7% distribution KIRDL DL KIR2DL KIRDS DS KIR2DS Additionally OTR. OTR . (OTR) (OT 6 60. 31.7 3 (31.7 (OTR 31. (31. (31 (3 (

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease pandemic has become a major global health crisis since 2019. Recent data show the association of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with poor related outcomes in coronavirus disease infection. This descriptive study aimed to identify the clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with acute respiratory syndrome and confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data of 409 patients admitted to a referral hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with coronavirus disease infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records using a template with the variables of interest. RESULTS: The average age was 64 years (52–73), and the body mass index was 27 kg/m² (22.1–31.2). Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were observed in 58, 33, and 32% of the patients, respectively. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit were older [66 years (53–74) vs. 59 years (42.2–71.7)], with significantly higher impairment on chest computed tomography [75% (50–75) vs. 50% (25–60)] and received higher doses of corticosteroid therapy [39.4 mg (14.3–70.3) vs. 6 mg (6–14.7)]. Hematological parameters were lower in critically ill patients, with greater differences observed on the fifth day of hospitalization [hemoglobin 11.5 g/dL (9.5–13.1) vs. 12.8 g/dL (11.5–14.2), platelets 235,000 μL (143,000–357,000) vs. 270,000 μL (192,000–377,000), and lymphocytes 900 μL (555–1,500) vs. 1,629 μL (1,141–2,329)]. C-reactive protein levels and kidney function were also worse in intensive care unit patients. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the intensive care unit compared to the basic care unit (62.8 vs. 12.2%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, as well as abnormal hematological parameters, are common findings among patients with severe respiratory syndrome related to coronavirus disease. OBJECTIVES 2019 diabetes hypertension METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 40 Sul Brazil reaction Clinical interest RESULTS 52–73, 5273 52–73 , 52 73 (52–73) kgm² kgm kg m² m kg/m 22.1–31.2. 221312 22.1–31.2 . 22 1 31 (22.1–31.2) Hypertension 58 33 32 respectively 66 [6 53–74 5374 53 74 (53–74 vs 5 42.2–71.7, 422717 42.2–71.7 42 71 7 (42.2–71.7)] 75% 75 [75 50–75 5075 50 (50–75 25–60 2560 25 60 (25–60) 39.4 394 39 4 [39. 14.3–70.3 143703 14 3 70 (14.3–70.3 6–14.7. 6147 6–14.7 (6–14.7)] hemoglobin 115 11 11. gdL g dL 9.5–13.1 95131 9 13 (9.5–13.1 128 12 8 12. 11.5–14.2, 115142 11.5–14.2 (11.5–14.2) 235000 235 000 235,00 143,000–357,000 143000357000 143 357 (143,000–357,000 270000 270 270,00 192,000–377,000, 192000377000 192,000–377,000 192 377 (192,000–377,000) 90 555–1,500 5551500 555 500 (555–1,500 1629 629 1,62 1,141–2,329. 11412329 1,141–2,329 141 329 (1,141–2,329)] Creactive C reactive 62.8 628 62 (62. 12.2%. 122 12.2% 12.2%) CONCLUSION comorbidities 201 527 52–7 (52–73 22131 22.1–31. (22.1–31.2 [ 53–7 537 (53–7 42271 42.2–71. (42.2–71.7) [7 50–7 507 (50–7 25–6 256 (25–60 39. [39 14.3–70. 14370 (14.3–70. 614 6–14. (6–14.7) 9.5–13. 9513 (9.5–13. 11514 11.5–14. (11.5–14.2 23500 23 00 235,0 143,000–357,00 14300035700 35 (143,000–357,00 27000 270,0 19200037700 192,000–377,00 19 37 (192,000–377,000 555–1,50 555150 55 (555–1,50 162 1,6 1141232 1,141–2,32 (1,141–2,329) 62. (62 12.2 20 52– (52–7 2213 22.1–31 (22.1–31. 53– (53– 4227 42.2–71 (42.2–71.7 50– (50– 25– (25–6 [3 14.3–70 1437 (14.3–70 61 6–14 (6–14.7 9.5–13 951 (9.5–13 1151 11.5–14 (11.5–14. 2350 0 235, 143,000–357,0 1430003570 (143,000–357,0 2700 270, 1920003770 192,000–377,0 (192,000–377,00 555–1,5 55515 (555–1,5 16 1, 114123 1,141–2,3 (1,141–2,329 (6 (52– 221 22.1–3 (22.1–31 (53 422 42.2–7 (42.2–71. (50 (25– 14.3–7 (14.3–7 6–1 (6–14. 9.5–1 95 (9.5–1 11.5–1 (11.5–14 143,000–357, 143000357 (143,000–357, 192000377 192,000–377, (192,000–377,0 555–1, 5551 (555–1, 11412 1,141–2, (1,141–2,32 ( (52 22.1– (22.1–3 (5 42.2– (42.2–71 (25 14.3– (14.3– 6– (6–14 9.5– (9.5– 11.5– (11.5–1 143,000–357 14300035 (143,000–357 19200037 192,000–377 (192,000–377, 555–1 (555–1 1141 1,141–2 (1,141–2,3 22.1 (22.1– 42.2 (42.2–7 (2 14.3 (14.3 (6–1 9.5 (9.5 (11.5– 143,000–35 1430003 (143,000–35 1920003 192,000–37 (192,000–377 555– (555– 114 1,141– (1,141–2, 22. (22.1 42. (42.2– 14. (14. (6– 9. (9. (11.5 143,000–3 143000 (143,000–3 192000 192,000–3 (192,000–37 (555 1,141 (1,141–2 (22. (42.2 (14 (9 (11. 143,000– 14300 (143,000– 19200 192,000– (192,000–3 (55 1,14 (1,141– (22 (42. (1 (11 143,000 1430 (143,000 1920 192,000 (192,000– 1,1 (1,141 (42 143,00 (143,00 192,00 (192,000 (1,14 (4 143,0 (143,0 192,0 (192,00 (1,1 143, (143, 192, (192,0 (1, (143 (192, (192 (19

Abstract Healthcare workers present an increased risk of contagion for the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to their labor exposure. Here, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and immunological characteristics of healthcare workers, before vaccine application, exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 50 professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Clinical Hospital of the Northwest in Brazil. The results showed that most workers are women, over 50 years old, and worked as nursing technicians. Approximately 56% of workers were positive for a previous infection by RT-PCR and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2-immunoglobulin tests. Increased levels of hematocrit, neutrophils, NK lymphocytes, and fibrinogen, were found in positive healthcare workers, suggesting a light inflammatory status. The immunological findings showed an increase in IL-17 production and a Th2/Th17/Th22 profile followed by high serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Those data reveal the importance of studies with healthcare workers to investigate if the continuous exposition to the virus may result in chronic activation of the immune system and/or pulmonary inflammation in this target group. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- exposure Here clinical application SARSCoV2infected SARSCoVinfected infected patients sociodemographic 5 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil women old technicians 56 RTPCR RT PCR andor or antiSARSCoV2immunoglobulin antiSARSCoVimmunoglobulin anti immunoglobulin tests hematocrit neutrophils lymphocytes fibrinogen status IL17 IL 17 IL-1 Th2Th17Th22 ThThTh Th2 Th17 Th22 Th Th2/Th17/Th2 antiSARSCoV2 antiSARSCoV anti-SARS-CoV- IgG group SARS-CoV COVID1 1 COVID- IL1 IL- Th2Th17Th2 Th1 Th2/Th17/Th anti-SARS-CoV Th2Th17Th