Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to compare the intestinal and pancreatobiliary subtypes of ampullary adenocarcinoma in a large patient group due to limited data on survival and risk factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological findings and the survival of 184 patients with ampullary adenocarcinoma who underwent curative operation between 2007 and 2018 was performed. Results: Pancreatobiliary subtype had a higher prevalence of jaundice before operation than the intestinal subtype (p < 0.05). Pancreatobiliary subtype had a larger tumor size (> 2 mm) (p < 0.01) and poorer differentiation (p < 0.05) than the intestinal subtype. Perineural invasion more frequently occurred in pancreatobiliary subtype than the intestinal subtype (p < 0.01) and pancreatobiliary subtype had a higher prevalence of positive dissected lymph nodes (p < 0.05) with an advanced disease stage (p < 0.01) than the intestinal subtype. Patients of the pancreatobiliary subtype had poorer disease-free and overall survival than patients of the intestinal subtype. No survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy was found in either patients of the intestinal subtype or pancreatobiliary subtype. No significant difference was found in any subtypes regarding the recurrent regions. Conclusions: Pancreatobiliary subtype exhibited a higher recurrence rate and a poorer overall survival rate with more unfavorable pathological characteristics than the intestinal subtype.

Resumen Objetivos: Los datos sobre la supervivencia y los factores de riesgo del adenocarcinoma ampular son limitados debido a su rareza. Este estudio buscó comparar el subtipo intestinal y el subtipo pancreático-biliar en pacientes con adenocarcinoma ampular. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de hallazgos clínicos y patológicos y la supervivencia de 184 pacientes con adenocarcinoma ampular tratados entre 2007 y 2018. Resultados: El subtipo pancreático-biliar tuvo una mayor prevalencia de ictericia antes de la operación y un tamaño de tumor mayor, y una peor diferenciación, que el subtipo intestinal. La invasión perineural fue más frecuente en el subtipo pancreático-biliar, con una mayor prevalencia de linfonodos disecados positivos y un estadio avanzado de la enfermedad. Los pacientes del subtipo pancreático-biliar tuvieron una supervivencia libre de enfermedad y una supervivencia general peores que los pacientes del subtipo intestinal. No se encontró ningún beneficio de la quimioterapia adyuvante en pacientes del subtipo intestinal o pancreático-biliar. No hubo diferencia significativa en las regiones recurrentes. Conclusión: El subtipo pancreático-biliar mostró una tasa de recurrencia y una tasa de supervivencia general peores, con características patológicas más desfavorables que el subtipo intestinal.

Abstract The osseous vascular endothelium encompasses a vast intricate framework that regulates bone remodeling. Osteoporosis, an age-associated systemic bone disease, is characterized by the degeneration of the vascular architecture. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms underpinning the metamorphosis of endothelial cells (ECs) with advancing age remain predominantly enigmatic. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the associated pathways in juvenile and mature femoral ECs, utilizing data sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories (GSE148804) and employing bioinformatics tools. Through this approach, we successfully discerned six pivotal genes, namely Adamts1, Adamts2, Adamts4, Adamts14, Col5a1, and Col5a2. Subsequently, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA network based on miRNAs displaying differential expression between CD31hiEMCNhi and CD31lowEMCNlow ECs, utilizing online repositories for prediction. The expression of miR-466i-3p and miR-466i-5p in bone marrow ECs exhibited an inverse correlation with age. Our in vivo experiments additionally unveiled miR-466i-5p as a pivotal regulator in osseous ECs and a promising therapeutic target for age-related osteoporosis. remodeling Osteoporosis ageassociated disease architecture Nevertheless (ECs enigmatic study DEGs (DEGs GEO (GEO GSE148804 GSE (GSE148804 tools approach Adamts1 Adamts Adamts2 Adamts4 Adamts14 Col5a1 Cola Col Col5a2 Subsequently miRNAmRNA miRNA mRNA CDhiEMCNhi CD hiEMCNhi CDlowEMCNlow lowEMCNlow prediction miR466i3p miRip miR 466i 3p i p miR466i5p 5p agerelated related osteoporosis GSE14880 (GSE14880 Col5a GSE1488 (GSE1488 GSE148 (GSE148 GSE14 (GSE14 GSE1 (GSE1 (GSE

ABSTRACT In order to realise automatic row alignment for sugar beet harvesting, and to improve the efficiency of sugar beet combine harvesters, it is essential to be able to detect the positions of sugar beet rows. In this paper, we consider beet harvesting as a scenario, and an extraction algorithm for beet crop rows is proposed based on videos of beets collected with a monocular camera. We focus on the characteristics of the root and stem features, which are relatively difficult to distinguish from the surrounding environment after cutting the tops and beating the leaves of sugar beet, and a crop row extraction algorithm is designed in which threshold segmentation is carried out based on histogram equalisation and MM-Filter (median filtering and minimum area filtering) is applied to remove noise. The proposed algorithm retains more complete feature information and has better denoising effect than the traditional algorithm, and the processing time is only 11.751 ms, a value 6.9% lower than for the alternative approach. Our algorithm is feasible in terms of recognition and extraction, and can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an automatic row-to-row control system for a sugar beet combine harvester. It can also provide technical support for the design of an automatic sugar beet combine harvester. harvesters paper scenario camera features MMFilter MM Filter median noise 11751 11 751 11.75 ms 69 6 9 6.9 approach rowtorow harvester 1175 1 75 11.7 6. 117 7 11.

ABSTRACT In complex environments, beet harvesters vibrate strongly under the influence of multiple sources of excitation. The modal constraints of the harvester's frame were obtained using modal simulation, and the accuracy of the finite element model was verified through SIMO modal testing. Additionally, field experiments were conducted to collect the vibration signals of the harvester under various conditions. Time-domain analysis revealed that the RMS value of the frame's Z-axis acceleration was highest in sugar beet fields and lowest on unpaved roads. There is a correlation between the operation of working components and changes in amplitude. Frequency domain analysis determined that the main vibration frequency of the frame was in the range of 0–75 Hz, and the operating frequency of the engine (35 Hz) and the power input shaft (12.7 Hz) excites the constrained modal of the frame, which may lead to resonance. Integrating the results of the modal response and vibration testing provides a more comprehensive approach to studying the vibration characteristics of agricultural machinery. environments excitation s simulation Additionally conditions Timedomain Time frames Zaxis Z axis roads amplitude 075 0 75 0–7 Hz 35 (3 12.7 127 12 7 (12. resonance machinery 07 0– 3 ( 12. 1 (12 (1

ABSTRACT As weeds cannot be eradicated in corn fields, a crab claw toe was used as the research object and combined with the agronomic requirements of corn fields to design a bionic weed claw suitable for corn fields. The contour curve of the crab claw toe was extracted and fitted through the Matlab image processing technology and fitting tool to establish a bionic claw finger 3D model using Solid works. According to the mechanical soil dynamics theory of dynamics analysis, the root–soil aggregates are easily broken, loosened, and drained under the action of the bionic claw fingers. Based on single image inverse reconstruction technology, the weed root system–soil aggregates discrete meta-model was established. Recur Dyn was used in the bionic weed claw kinematics simulation to verify the reliability of the movement of the mechanism and to realise the expected action of the weeding operation. We analysed the movement speed, displacement, and trajectory of soil particles in different depth layers through the joint simulation and comparison test. Using the mechanism of weeding and resistance reduction of the bionic weeding claw, under the same working conditions, the average resistance reduction rate of the bionic claw finger compared with the flat claw finger in the grasping process was 16.4%. The resistance of grass roots was reduced 23.3%, making it easier to pull out the more intact grass roots. D works analysis rootsoil broken loosened fingers systemsoil system metamodel meta established operation speed displacement test conditions 164 16 4 16.4% 233 23 3 23.3% 1 16.4 2 23.3 16. 23.

Abstract Background: immunonutrition has been introduced and proposed to have positive modulating effects on inflammatory and immune responses in surgical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether perioperative enteral immunonutrition (EIN) can reduce postoperative complications or reduce inflammatory responses in esophageal cancer (EC) patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of EIN before and/or after surgery in EC patients undergoing esophagectomy were identified. Two investigators independently searched articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. Results: ten RCTs involving 1,052 patients were included in the meta-analysis, including 573 patients in the EIN group and 479 patients in the enteral nutrition (EN) group. Overall, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative pneumonia, surgical site infection, intra-abdominal abscess, septicemia, and urinary tract infection. No significant incidence of postoperative anastomotic leakage, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and in-hospital mortality was found. Conclusions: perioperative enteral immunonutrition did not reduce the incidence of infectious complications and anastomotic leakage in EC patients undergoing esophagectomy, nor did it reduce postoperative CRP and IL-6, but did not increase in-hospital mortality.

Resumen Antecedentes: se ha introducido y propuesto la inmunonutrición para regular activamente la inflamación y la respuesta inmune en pacientes quirúrgicos. El presente metaanálisis fue diseñado para evaluar si la inmunonutrición enteral perioperatoria (EIN, por sus siglas en inglés) puede reducir las complicaciones postoperatorias o la inflamación en pacientes con cáncer de esófago (CE) sometidos a esofagectomía. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos de PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCO y Cochrane Library. Se evaluó el efecto de la EIN preoperatoria y/o postoperatoria en un ensayo aleatorizado controlado (RCT) en pacientes con cáncer de esófago sometidos a esofagectomía. Dos investigadores buscaron independientemente artículos, extrajeron datos y evaluaron la calidad de los artículos incluidos. Resultados: el metanálisis incluyó diez ensayos controlados aleatorios en los que participaron 1.052 pacientes, de los cuales 573 fueron incluidos en el grupo EIN y 479, en el grupo de nutrición enteral (NE). En general, no hubo diferencia significativa en la incidencia de neumonía postoperatoria, infección del sitio quirúrgico, absceso intraperitoneal, sepsis e infección del tracto urinario entre los dos grupos. No hubo diferencia significativa en la incidencia de fístula anastomótica postoperatoria, síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA) y mortalidad hospitalaria. Conclusión: la inmunonutrición enteral perioperatoria no puede reducir la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias y fístulas anastomóticas, ni la PCR postoperatoria ni la IL-6. Pero no aumentó la mortalidad hospitalaria.

Abstract Backgroud Homocitrulline (Hcit), is involved in the pathological processes of some diseases. However, the role and function of Hcit (CBL) in human skin remains largely obscure. Objective To investigate the correlation of the level of Hcit in seborrheic keratosis, skin aging, and its clinical significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the level of Hcit in skin lesions of seborrheic keratosis (SK), unaffected skin (distant 0.5 centimeters from SK lesion), and normal skin of healthy subjects in the control group. ELISA test was used to detect the serum level of CBL in SK patients and healthy subjects of different ages. Results Hcit was mainly localized in the nucleus of epidermal cells. In healthy control skin, the expression of Hcit increased with age and showed a positive correlation with age (the correlation coefficient was 0.806, p = 0.0002). The expressional level of Hcit in SK lesions was higher than that in healthy control skin (Z = −3.703, p = 0.0002). The serum level of CBL in healthy subjects and in SK patients increased with age (the correlation coefficient were 0.5763, p = 0.0032; 0.682, p = 0.004. respectively). The serum level of CBL in SK patients was higher than that in healthy subjects (Z = −2.19, p = 0.030). Study limitations The small serum sample size in the study. Conclusion The high expressional level of Hcit is correlated with seborrheic keratosis and skin aging. HCit may be one of the potential biomarkers of skin aging. Hcit, , (Hcit) diseases However (CBL obscure aging significance SK, (SK) distant 05 0 5 0. lesion, lesion lesion) group ages cells 0806 806 0.806 0.0002. 00002 0.0002 . 0002 0.0002) Z 3703 3 703 −3.703 05763 5763 0.5763 0.0032 00032 0032 0682 682 0.682 0004 004 0.004 respectively. respectively respectively) 219 2 19 −2.19 0.030. 0030 0.030 030 0.030) study (Hcit (SK 080 80 0.80 0000 0.000 000 370 70 −3.70 0576 576 0.576 0.003 0003 003 068 68 0.68 00 0.00 21 1 −2.1 0.03 03 08 8 0.8 37 7 −3.7 057 57 0.57 06 6 0.6 0.0 −2. −3. −2 −3 −

Abstract Objectives: The incidence of cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme (cGBM) is rare. Database like TCGA have not distinguish cGBM from GBM, our knowledge on cGBM gene expression characteristics is limited. The expression status of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and its clinical significance in cGBM is still unclear. Methods: The clinical data and tissue specimens of 73 cGBM patients were retrospectively studied. The association between OLIG2 expression level and the demographic characteristics of cGBM patients was identified by the Chi-Square test. The survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The independent prognostic factors was calculated according to Cox regression analysis. Results: The OLIG2 high expression was observed in about 57.5% (42/73) of the cGBM patients. Patients with high OLIG2 expression levels had a higher alive ratio at the end of follow-up (alive ratio: 70.6% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.04). The median survival time was 21 months and 13 months for high and low expression of OLIG2 (p < 0 .05). Univariate analysis and Multivariate analysis indicated that EOR (HR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.23−12.26, p = 0.02), low OLIG2 expression (HR = 5.26, 95% CI 1.13−24.59, p = 0.04), and without adjuvant therapy (HR = 4.95, 95% CI 1.22−20.00, p = 0.03) were independent risk factors for the OS of cGBM patients. Conclusion: High expression level of OLIG2 could be used as an independent favorable prognosis indicator in cGBM patients and be recognized as a characteristic biomarker of cGBM. Objectives (cGBM rare GBM limited OLIG (OLIG2 unclear Methods 7 studied ChiSquare Chi Square test KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier Results 575 57 5 57.5 42/73 4273 42 (42/73 followup follow up 706 70 6 70.6 vs 294 29 4 29.4% 0.04. 004 0.04 . 04 0.04) 1 .05. 05 .05 .05) HR 389 3 89 3.89 95 1231226 23 12 26 1.23−12.26 0.02, 002 0.02 , 02 0.02) 526 5.26 1132459 24 59 1.13−24.59 0.04, 495 4.95 1222000 22 20 00 1.22−20.00 0.03 003 03 Conclusion (OLIG 57. 42/7 427 (42/7 70. 29.4 0.0 .0 38 8 3.8 9 123122 1.23−12.2 52 5.2 113245 1.13−24.5 49 4.9 122200 1.22−20.0 42/ (42/ 29. 0. 3. 12312 1.23−12. 5. 11324 1.13−24. 4. 12220 1.22−20. (42 1231 1.23−12 1132 1.13−24 1222 1.22−20 (4 123 1.23−1 113 1.13−2 122 1.22−2 ( 1.23− 11 1.13− 1.22− 1.23 1.13 1.22 1.2 1.1 1.

Abstract This study focused on the effect and mechanism of Notch signal on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) following acute lung injury. PMVECs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into eight groups. Grouping was based on whether cells were co-cultured with T cells (splenic CD4+T cells were isolated using MACS microbeads) and the level of Notch expression: Normal group and Normal+T cells group, Model group and Model+T cells group, Notch low-expression group and Notch low-expression+T cells group, and Notch overexpression group and Notch overexpression+T cells group. Except for the Normal group and Normal+T cells group, all other groups were treated with 500 μL lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL). The expression of VE-cadherin and Zo-1 protein in the Model group (with or without T cells) was lower than that in the normal group (with or without T cells), their expression in the Notch low-expression group (with or without T cells) was significantly increased, and their expression in the Notch overexpression group (with or without T cells) was significantly decreased. Compared with the normal+T cells group, the number of Treg cells in the Notch low-expression+T cells group decreased significantly (P<0.01). The number of Th17 cells in the Notch overexpression+T cells group was higher than that in the Model+T cells group (P<0.01), while the number of Treg cells decreased (P<0.01). Our results demonstrated that activated Notch signal can down-regulate the expression of the tight junction proteins VE-Cadherin and Zo-1 in PMVECs and affect Th17/Treg immune imbalance. Autophagy was discovered to be involved in this process. (PMVECs injury cocultured co splenic CD4T CDT CD4 CD microbeads NormalT ModelT lowexpression low lowexpression+T lowexpressionT expression+T overexpressionT 50 1 ( μg/mL. μgmL μg/mL . μg mL μg/mL) VEcadherin VE cadherin Zo1 Zo Zo- cells, , increased normalT P<0.01. P001 P P<0.01 0 01 (P<0.01) Th Th1 P<0.01, downregulate down regulate VECadherin Cadherin Th17Treg ThTreg imbalance process expressionT 5 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.01 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract Background Alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) is a master regulator in inflammation and has been proved to promote renal fibrosis by promoting the production of IL-1β in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. Pyroptosis is involved in high glucose (HG)-induced tubular cells injury, characterized by activation of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) and the release of IL-1β and IL-18, resulting in inflammatory injury in DN. It is reasonable to assume that ALPK1 is involved in pyroptosis-related tubular injury in DN. However, the mechanism remains poorly defined. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to detect the expression of pyroptosis- and fibrosis-related proteins in renal sections of DN patients and DN mice. DN models were induced through injection of streptozotocin combined with a high-fat diet. Protein levels of ALPK1, NF-κB, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, IL-18 and α-SMA were detected by Western blot. HK-2 cells treated with high-glucose (HG) served as an in vitro model. ALPK1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into HK-2 cells to down-regulate ALPK1. The pyroptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 were evaluated by ELISA kits. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe translocation of NF-κB and GSDMD. Results The heat map of differentially expressed genes showed that ALPK1, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were upregulated in the DN group. The expression levels of ALPK1, Caspase-1, GSDMD and CD68 were increased in renal biopsy tissues of DN patients by IHC. ALPK1expression and CD68+ macrophages were positively correlated with tubular injury in DN patients. Western blot analysis showed increased expressions of ALPK1, phospho-NF-κB P65, GSDMD-NT, and IL-1β in renal tissues of DN mice and HK-2 cells, accompanied with increased renal fibrosis-related proteins (FN, α-SMA) and macrophages infiltration in interstitial areas. Inhibition of ALPK1 attenuated HG-induced upregulation expressions of NF-κB, pyroptosis-related proteins Caspase-1, GSDMD-NT, IL-1β, IL-18, α-SMA, and pyroptosis level in HK-2 cells. Also, the intensity and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and membranous translocation of GSDMD were ameliorated in HG-treated HK-2 cells after treatment with ALPK1 siRNA. Conclusions Our data suggest that ALPK1/NF-κB pathway initiated canonical caspase-1-GSDMD pyroptosis pathway, resulting in tubular injury and interstitial inflammation of DN.

Abstract Freezing technology is currently an important preservation method for aquatic products. However, during the long-term freezing process proteins, which are the main components of muscle tissue, are inevitably exposed to an environment containing oxidative stress inducing changes in muscle protein structure. It leads to irreversible physical and chemical changes causing deterioration in the quality of aquatic products and reducing their nutritional value. Therefore, it is necessary clarify in depth to control oxidative damage of muscle during freezing and storage to gain more insight into the mechanisms of freezing-induced protein oxidation. The mechanism of protein oxidation in fish freezing, the effect of protein oxidation on fish quality, and the current regulatory methods for delaying protein oxidation were summarized in this paper review. The purpose is to provide a new research direction for the research and application of quality control in the process of fish frozen storage.

Abstract Fresh aquatic products have high nutritional value, but they are easily susceptible to spoilage. Freezing as an effective preservation method could better retain the quality and safety of aquatic products. However, mechanical damage caused by ice crystals and the oxidation of proteins and lipids would inevitably bring about a reduction in the quality of the frozen product during freezing and preservation. This work summarized the important factors that affected the quality of frozen aquatic products, revealed the mechanism of deterioration of frozen aquatic products on the quality through sensory evaluation and changes in physiochemical indicators. In the context of high-quality development, some improvements in frozen fish preservation were proposed to provide theoretical basis and solutions to improve the quality and efficiency of fish processing.

Abstract Kernel direct harvesting is the mainstream technology of maize harvesting in the world today, it has significant impact on the maize kernel subsequent food processing. Direct harvest technology in china is not well developed due to the influence of growth environment, agronomy, etc., which leads kernel damage. The kernel damage is necessary studied in maize direct harvesting technology. Therefore, “Zheng Dan 958” was selected, the entrance clearance, export clearance, and cylinder speed as variables to carry out the kernel damage experiment. Processed the image of threshed maize kernel, extracted the crack and boundary characteristics of kernel damage, and established the BP neural network model to study the direct harvesting damage and optimize parameters. The results indicated that kernel damage increased with decreasing threshing clearance and increasing threshing intensity. In a certain threshing clearance, cylinder speed was the key factor affecting kernel damage. The R of model was above 0.95, the accuracy of damage quantitative identification was above 85%. When inlet clearance was 35 mm, outlet clearance was 15 mm, and cylinder speed was 300 rpm, kernel damage was small. Our findings will provide reference for kernel direct harvesting technology and improve harvest quality to meet food processing industry demands.

SUMMARY: Marein is the main active substance of Coreopsis tinctoria nutt. It not only has anti-oxidation and anti-tumor effects, but also can lower blood lipid, prevent high blood glucose, improve insulin resistance, inhibit gluconeogenesis and promote glycogen synthesis. However, the exact mechanism of its action is still unclear. Here, we explored the effect and mechanism of Marein on insulin resistance. The mice were divided into db/m, db/db, metformin+db/db, and marein+db/db groups. The body weight and kidney weight were recorded. Serum biochemical and renal function tests were measured after 8 weeks of continuous administration. Kidney tissues were subjected to HE staining, PAS staining, and Masson staining. The effect of marein on PI3K/Akt signal and autophagy pathway was detected by Western blot. After 8 weeks of Marein intervention, the body weight and kidney weight of mice did not change significantly, but the fasting blood glucose and blood lipid levels were significantly reduced than db/db group. Marein significantly improved the insulin resistance index, increased serum adiponectin and improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders of db/db mice. Moreover, marein improved the basement membrane thickness of glomeruli and tubules, improved glomerular sclerosis and tubular fibrosis, as well as renal insufficiency, thereby protecting kidney function and delaying the pathological damage. Furthermore, marein increased the expression of PI3K and the phosphorylation of Akt/Akt (Ser473), and promoted the expression of LC3II/I, Beclin1 and ATG5. Additionally, it promoted the expression of FGFR1 in the kidney of db/db mice, and promoted the increase of serum FGF21 and FGF23. Marein has a protective effect on the kidneys of diabetic mice. It protects diabetic nephropathy by regulating the IRS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to improve insulin resistance. Therefore, marein may be an insulin sensitizer.

RESUMEN: Marein es la principal sustancia activa de Coreopsis tinctoria nutt. No solo tiene efectos antioxidantes y antitumorales, sino que también puede reducir los lípidos en sangre, prevenir la glucemia alta, mejorar la resistencia a la insulina, inhibir la gluconeogénesis y promover la síntesis de glucógeno. Sin embargo, el mecanismo exacto de su acción aún no está claro. Se analizó el efecto y el mecanismo de Marein sobre la resistencia a la insulina. Los ratones se dividieron en grupos db / m, db / db, metformina + db / db y mareína + db / db. Se registró el peso corporal y el peso de los riñones. Se midieron las pruebas de función renal y bioquímica sérica después de 8 semanas de administración continua. Los tejidos renales se sometieron a tinción HE, tinción PAS y tinción Masson. El efecto de la mareína sobre la señal de PI3K / Akt y la vía de autofagia se detectó mediante Western blot. Al término de 8 semanas de tratamiento con mareína, el peso corporal y el peso de los riñones de los ratones no cambiaron significativamente, pero los niveles de glucosa en sangre y lípidos en sangre en ayunas se redujeron significativamente en relación a los del grupo db / db. Marein mejoró significativamente el índice de resistencia a la insulina, aumentó la adiponectina sérica y mejoró los trastornos del metabolismo de la glucosa y los lípidos de los ratones db / db. Además, la mareína mejoró el grosor de la membrana basal de los glomérulos y túbulos, mejoró la esclerosis glomerular y la fibrosis tubular, así como la insuficiencia renal, protegiendo la función renal y retrasando el daño patológico. Además, la mareína aumentó la expresión de PI3K y la fosforilación de Akt / Akt (Ser473), y promovió la expresión de LC3II / I, Beclin1 y ATG5. Además, promovió la expresión de FGFR1 en el riñón de ratones db / db y el aumento de FGF21 y FGF23 en suero. Marein tiene un efecto protector sobre los riñones de ratones diabéticos. Protege la nefropatía diabética regulando la vía de señalización IRS1 / PI3K / Akt para mejorar la resistencia a la insulina. Por tanto, la mareína puede ser un sensibilizador a la insulina.

Green tea is one of the main teas in China, which is unfermented and retains more natural substances of fresh tea leaves. This is the preliminary study of application of'fingerprints' based on differences in component composition of green tea. Five green teas from different areas in eastern China are analyzed, which are processed by microwave-assisted solvent (ethanol) extraction method to obtain tea polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, pigments (thearubigins, theaflavins, theabrownins). The results show that the component composition of five green teas are varied from each other; based on these contents varieties, we have constructed a 'fingerprint' and applied linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to assist in the identification of these five green teas. This method does not require large, expensive instruments (such as high performance liquid chromatograph, gas chromatograph, mass spectrometer, etc.), and is easy to use, which provides a new avenue for the identification of tea.