Silver film is commonly used to examine the structure and composition of molecules due to its surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. A simple method for preparing SERS silver films is proposed in this paper by electrodeposition in an amide-based liquid mixture (urea-acetamide-LiBr). The electrochemical behavior of silver in urea-acetamide-LiBr mixture was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. It was found that the nucleation mechanism of silver shifts to instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control with increasing overpotential and temperature. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that the obtained deposits are pure silver. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the morphology of the silver deposits depends on the deposition potential and temperature. Rhodamine 6G was used as probe molecules for SERS experiments, showing that these new active substrates have high sensitivity to SERS response with high enhancement factors, of approximately 107, and enable Raman scattering even for diluted solutions. surfaceenhanced surface enhanced (SERS effect amidebased amide based ureaacetamideLiBr. ureaacetamideLiBr urea acetamide LiBr . (urea-acetamide-LiBr) CV (CV chronoamperometry temperature EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD SEM (SEM G experiments factors 107 solutions (urea-acetamide-LiBr 10 1

Abstract Objective Monitoring the disease status of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the different strategies and outcomes of patients with EBV-HLH and re-elevated EBV-DNA. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 patients diagnosed with EBV-HLH. Clinical features, laboratory tests, treatments, plasma EBV-DNA levels, and outcomes were assessed. Three cases were highlighted for detailed analysis. Results Nine of the 20 patients had a re-elevation of EBV-DNA during treatment, and 55.5 % (5/9) experienced relapses. Patients with persistently positive plasma EBV-DNA (n = 4) and those with re-elevated EBV-DNA after conversion (n = 9) showed a significantly higher relapse rate compared to those with persistently negative EBV-HLH (n = 7) (p < 0.05). Among the highlighted cases, Case 1 exhibited plasma EBV-DNA re-elevation after four weeks of treatment without relapse, maintaining stability with the original treatment regimen, and eventually, his plasma EBV-DNA turned negative. In Case 2, plasma EBV-DNA was elevated again with a recurrence of HLH after L-DEP. Consequently, she underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and eventually achieved complete remission (CR) with negative plasma EBV-DNA. Case 3 experienced plasma EBV-DNA re-elevation after L-DEP but remained in CR, discontinuing chemotherapy without relapse. Conclusion The re-elevation of plasma EBV-DNA during EBV-HLH treatment poses challenges in determining disease status and treatment strategies. Optimal management decisions require a combination of the level of elevated EBV-DNA, the intensity of hyperinflammation, and the patient's immune function. EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr EBVrelated EBV related (HLH crucial EBVHLH reelevated re EBVDNA. EBVDNA DNA. DNA 2 EBVHLH. HLH. features tests treatments levels assessed reelevation elevation 555 55 5 55. 5/9 59 9 (5/9 relapses n 4 7 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) regimen LDEP. LDEP L DEP. DEP Consequently CR (CR EBVDNA, DNA, hyperinflammation patient s function 5/ (5/ 00 0.0 (5 0. (

Resumo Historicamente, são necessários, em média, 17 anos para que novos tratamentos passem da evidência clínica para a prática diária. Considerando os tratamentos altamente eficazes disponíveis atualmente para prevenir ou retardar o início e a progressão da doença renal, esse período é demasiadamente longo. Agora é o momento de reduzir a lacuna entre o que sabemos e aquilo que fazemos. Existem diretrizes claras para a prevenção e o manejo dos fatores de risco comuns para doenças renais, como hipertensão e diabetes, mas apenas uma fração das pessoas com essas condições é diagnosticada mundialmente, e um número ainda menor recebe tratamento adequado. Da mesma forma, a grande maioria das pessoas que sofrem de doença renal não têm conhecimento de sua condição, pois ela costuma ser silenciosa nos estágios iniciais. Mesmo entre pacientes que foram diagnosticados, muitos não recebem tratamento adequado para a doença renal. Levando em consideração as graves consequências da progressão da doença renal, insuficiência renal ou óbito, é imperativo que os tratamentos sejam iniciados precocemente e de maneira adequada. As oportunidades para diagnosticar e tratar precocemente a doença renal devem ser maximizadas, começando no nível da atenção primária. Existem muitas barreiras sistemáticas, que vão desde o paciente até o médico, passando pelos sistemas de saúde e por fatores sociais. Para preservar e melhorar a saúde renal para todos em qualquer lugar, cada uma dessas barreiras deve ser reconhecida para que soluções sustentáveis sejam desenvolvidas e implementadas sem mais demora. Historicamente necessários média 1 diária longo fazemos renais diabetes mundialmente forma condição iniciais diagnosticados óbito adequada maximizadas primária sistemáticas médico sociais lugar demora

Abstract Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay. Historically 1 practice progression long diabetes worldwide target Similarly condition stages failure death appropriately level everywhere

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The cardiopulmonary function of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is significantly lower than that of patients with simple snoring and is significantly related to the severity of OSA. Currently, only a few studies have been conducted on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in overweight patients with OSA. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) indices and the condition of overweight patients with OSA. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. METHODS: This study included 73 hospitalized overweight patients. The patients were divided into no, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups. Differences in the CPET indices among the four groups were compared. The correlation between the CPET indices and conditions was analyzed. RESULTS: No, mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups had 18 men and 5 women, 11 men and 3 women, 12 men and 2 women, and 21 men and 1 woman, respectively (P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in resting pulmonary function among the four groups (P > 0.05). In the CPET, the anaerobic threshold, maximum oxygen uptake, and oxygen pulse were significantly lower in the severe OSA group than those in the normal OSA group (P < 0.05). Moreover, CPET indices negatively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index. CONCLUSION: Changes in CPET indices occurred earlier than changes in resting pulmonary function in patients with OSA. CPET might be a potential method for evaluating the severity of OSA combined with overweight status. BACKGROUND (OSA Currently OBJECTIVE (CPET SETTING Medicine METHODS 7 no mild moderate compared analyzed RESULTS women woman P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) threshold uptake Moreover apneahypopnea hypopnea index CONCLUSION status 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the effect of methionine deficiency on conventional nutrient composition, NO and NOS activity in the liver and kidney, and expression of genes related to the NF-κB signal pathway. One hundred 1-day-old broilers were divided into control and methionine deficiency group, and provided with a standard diet. The methionine-deficient group was fed with a methionine-deficient diet for 42 days. Moisture content, protein content, and crude lipid content were determined by freeze drying, the Kjeldahl method, and the ether extraction method. The concentration of NO was measured using the nitrate reductase method, and the activity of NOS was measured using colorimetry. mRNA expression of related genes in the NF-κB signal pathway was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed the contents of crude protein and crude lipid in the liver and kidney of the methionine-deficient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There was no significant change in dry matter (p>0.05). Methionine deficiency resulted in significantly increased NO concentration and total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) activities in the liver and kidney (p<0.01). In contrast, cNOS and inducible iNOS activities significantly decreased (p<0.01). The expression of NF-κB, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6 mRNA, which are related to the NF-κB signal pathway of the methionine-deficient group, were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05 or p<0.01). It is concluded that long-term feeding diets lacking methionine will lead to changes in nutrient composition and inflammatory injury of the liver and kidney. NFκB NF κB 1dayold dayold 1 day old methioninedeficient deficient 4 days drying method colorimetry transcriptionpolymerase transcription polymerase RTPCR. RTPCR RT PCR . (RT-PCR) p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.0 p<0.01. p001 p<0.01 01 p<0.01) p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) TNOS (TNOS (p<0.01) contrast NFκB, κB, TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IFN-γ IL1, IL1 IL 1, IL-1 IL6 6 IL- longterm long term (RT-PCR p<0.0 p00 (p<0. p>0.0 (p>0.05 (p<0.01 p<0. p0 (p<0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0 (p< p>0 (p>0. p< (p p> (p>0 (p>

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis, characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, imposes significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens. Early detection and prevention are crucial for managing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of fractures. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between Hepatitis A seropositivity and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents and adults and to explore the potential link between Hepatitis A infection and osteoporosis risk. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 to evaluate the association between hepatitis A seropositivity and BMD in 15,693 participants. METHODS: Multivariable regression analysis was used to calculate the mean BMD and standard error for adolescents and adults, followed by an independent z-test to determine whether there was a significant difference between the seropositive and seronegative groups. RESULTS: Hepatitis A seropositive adolescents and adults had lower BMD than their seronegative counterparts, with significant differences in lumber spine (mean difference = -0.03 g/cm2, P < 0.01 for both age groups) and pelvis BMDs (mean difference = -0.02 g/cm2, P < 0.01 for the adult age groups), after adjusting for various covariates. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that both adolescent and adult individuals seropositive for Hepatitis A antibodies had reduced BMD among both adolescents and adults, especially in the adult group. This finding suggests a possible link between Hepatitis A infection and risk of osteoporosis. BACKGROUND Osteoporosis physical psychosocial burdens fractures OBJECTIVES (BMD SETTING crosssectional cross sectional NHANES (NHANES 201 15693 15 693 15,69 participants METHODS ztest z test groups RESULTS counterparts 0.03 003 0 03 -0.0 gcm2 gcm g cm2 cm g/cm2 001 01 0.0 0.02 002 02 groups, , covariates CONCLUSIONS group 20 1569 1 69 15,6 00 -0. g/cm 0. 2 156 6 15, -0 -

Abstract To further improve the strike accuracy and penetration power of explosively-formed projectile (EFP) after long-distance flight, a polygonal charge capable of forming EFP with tail fins was designed during the study. A model for calculating the EFP velocity was derived from the effective charge and detonation projection theories with the integration of calculus. The circumferential velocity distributions of EFP formed using polygonal charges were obtained using this model, and the mechanisms underlying the formation of tail fins were elucidated. The feasibility of using this polygonal charge to form tail fin EFP was verified by conducting multi-media soft recovery tests and numerical simulations. Furthermore, the feasibility of forming tail fin EFP using polygonal charges with different numbers of sides and the effects of the structural parameters of a hexagonal charge on the formation of tail fin EFP were investigated by simulation. The ranges of optimal values for the structural parameters of a hexagonal charge capable of forming high-performance tail fin EFPs were determined. explosivelyformed explosively (EFP longdistance long distance flight study calculus elucidated multimedia multi media simulations Furthermore simulation highperformance high performance determined

As an oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, upadacitinib shows good activity in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, especially for other drug-resistant and refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients. A key step in the synthesis of upadacitinib is the introduction of ethyl on the pyrroline ring. Here, a FeCl3/p-aminophenol catalyst system was used to increase the ethyl introduction for synthesis of pyrroline building blocks of upadaticinib. This catalytic system allows milder reaction conditions and increases the yield of this step by 25% compared to the existing reports, and the scale-up experiment is still effective. In addition, a possible FeII/FeIV catalytic mechanism for this reaction was also proposed. inhibitor drugresistant drug resistant patients ring Here FeCl3/paminophenol FeCl3paminophenol FeClpaminophenol FeCl3/p aminophenol FeCl3 p FeCl upadaticinib 25 reports scaleup scale up effective addition FeIIFeIV FeII FeIV proposed paminophenol FeCl3p FeClp 2

A series of 4H-pyran derivatives were synthesized through a three-component condensation reaction in a pot using aromatic aldehyde, cyclohexanedione, and malononitrile in the dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system. This protocol is attractive because dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid microemulsion is superior for organic reaction due to its dual catalysis. On the one hand, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid acts as a Brønsted acid to catalyze the reaction; on the other hand, it can form a microemulsion as surfactant to enlarge the boundary area and entrap water produced during esterification reaction. In addition, the reaction process is simple, with high liaison formation effciency, good yields, and environmentally harmless reaction conditions. The dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid/H2O microemulsion system was equally effective when used in consecutive reactions. 4Hpyran Hpyran 4H pyran H threecomponent three component aldehyde cyclohexanedione acidH2O acidHO H2O O catalysis hand addition simple effciency yields conditions reactions acidH HO

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aimed to compare the early postoperative outcomes of right anterior thoracotomy minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (RAT-MIAVR) surgery with those of median full sternotomy aortic valve replacement (MFS-AVR) approach with the goal of identifying potential benefits or drawbacks of each technique. Methods: This retrospective, observational, cohort study included 476 patients who underwent RAT-MIAVR or MFS-AVR in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2023. Of these, 107 patients (22.5%) underwent RAT-MIAVR, and 369 patients (77.5%) underwent MFS-AVR. Propensity score matching was used to minimize selection bias, resulting in 95 patients per group for analysis. Results: After propensity matching, two groups were comparable in preoperative characteristics. RAT-MIAVR group showed longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (130.24 ± 31.15 vs. 117.75 ± 36.29 minutes, P=0.012), aortic cross-clamping time (76.44 ± 18.00 vs. 68.49 ± 19.64 minutes, P=0.004), and longer operative time than MFS-AVR group (358.47 ± 67.11 minutes vs. 322.42 ± 63.84 minutes, P=0.000). RAT-MIAVR was associated with decreased hospitalization time after surgery, lower postoperative blood loss and drainage fluid, a reduced incidence of mediastinitis, increased left ventricular ejection fraction, and lower pacemaker use compared to MFS-AVR. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. Conclusion: RAT-MIAVR is a feasible and safe alternative procedure to MFS-AVR, with comparable in-hospital mortality and early follow-up. This minimally invasive approach may be a suitable option for patients requiring isolated aortic valve replacement. Introduction RATMIAVR RAT MIAVR (RAT-MIAVR MFSAVR MFS AVR (MFS-AVR technique Methods retrospective observational 47 201 2023 these 10 22.5% 225 22 5 (22.5% RATMIAVR, MIAVR, 36 77.5% 775 77 (77.5% MFSAVR. AVR. bias 9 analysis Results characteristics 130.24 13024 130 24 (130.2 3115 31 15 31.1 vs 11775 117 75 117.7 3629 29 36.2 P=0.012, P0012 P P=0.012 , 0 012 P=0.012) crossclamping cross clamping 76.44 7644 76 44 (76.4 1800 18 00 18.0 6849 68 49 68.4 1964 19 64 19.6 P=0.004, P0004 P=0.004 004 P=0.004) 358.47 35847 358 (358.4 6711 67 11 67.1 32242 322 42 322.4 6384 63 84 63.8 P=0.000. P0000 P=0.000 . 000 P=0.000) fluid mediastinitis fraction However inhospital Conclusion MFSAVR, AVR, followup. followup follow up. up follow-up 4 20 202 1 22.5 2 (22.5 3 77.5 7 (77.5 130.2 1302 13 (130. 311 31. 1177 117. 362 36. P001 P=0.01 01 76.4 764 (76. 180 18. 684 6 68. 196 19. P000 P=0.00 358.4 3584 35 (358. 671 67. 3224 32 322. 638 8 63. 22. (22. 77. (77. 130. (130 P00 P=0.0 76. (76 358. (358 (22 (77 (13 P0 P=0. (7 (35 (2 (1 P=0 ( (3 P=

Abstract Objective This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of two regenerative surgical methods — Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes and Bio-Oss Collagen alone — and to help clinicians achieve better periodontal regeneration outcomes in the specific periodontal condition. Methodology Patients who underwent periodontal regeneration surgery from January 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively screened, and their clinical and radiographic outcomes at 6 months postoperatively were analyzed. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the bone defect (CEJ-BD), and depth of intrabony defects (INFRA) were recorded before the operation (T0) and 6 months after it (T1), and subsequently compared. Results In total, 143 patients were included — 77 were placed in the Bio-Oss group and 66 were placed in the Bio-Oss Collagen group. All indicators, including PD and CAL at T1, showed significant differences compared to baseline, for both groups (P<0.001). PD reduction was greater in the group receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.042). Furthermore, in cases when the baseline PD range was 7-11 mm and the age range was 35-50 years, PD reduction was more significant for patients receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.031, 0.023). A linear regression analysis indicated that postoperative PD and CAL were positively correlated with baseline values, and that the efficacy tended to decrease with increasing age. Conclusion Both the use of Bio-Oss Collagen alone and the use of Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes resulted in significant effects in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. The Bio-Oss Collagen treatment generated more improvements in PD than the Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes, particularly within the baseline PD range of 7-11 mm and the 35-50 years age group. Additionally, age was the main factor influencing the effectiveness of regenerative surgery for intrabony defects: older individuals exhibited fewer improvements. BioOss Bio Oss condition 201 202 screened analyzed PD, , (PD) CAL, (CAL) BOP, BOP (BOP) GR, GR (GR) cementoenamel cemento enamel CEJBD, CEJBD CEJ BD (CEJ-BD) INFRA (INFRA T0 T (T0 T1 (T1) total 14 7 indicators P<0.001. P0001 P P<0.001 . 0 001 (P<0.001) P=0.042. P0042 P=0.042 042 (P=0.042) Furthermore 711 11 7-1 3550 35 50 35-5 P=0.031, P0031 031 (P=0.031 0.023. 0023 0.023 023 0.023) values Additionally 20 (PD (CAL (BOP (GR (CEJ-BD (T (T1 1 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 P004 P=0.04 04 (P=0.042 71 7- 355 3 5 35- P=0.031 P003 03 (P=0.03 002 0.02 02 2 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.00 P=0.0 (P=0.04 P=0.03 (P=0.0 0.0 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P=0. (P=0. 0. P<0 (P<0. P=0 (P=0 P< (P<0 P= (P= (P< (P

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of present study was to comprehensively explore the efficacy and safety of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) to treat massive bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: PubMed®, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies investigating PCC administration during cardiac surgery published before September 10, 2022. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to analyze continuous data, and dichotomous data were analyzed as risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI. Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with other non-PCC treatment regimens, PCC was not associated with elevated mortality (RR=1.18, 95% CI=0.86–1.60, P=0.30, I2=0%), shorter hospital stay (MD=-2.17 days; 95% CI=-5.62–1.28, P=0.22, I2=91%), reduced total thoracic drainage (MD=-67.94 ml, 95% CI=-239.52–103.65, P=0.44, I2=91%), thromboembolic events (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.74–1.65, P=0.63, I2=39%), increase in atrial fibrillation events (RR=0.73, 95% CI=0.52–1.05, P=0.24, I2=29%), and myocardial infarction (RR=1.10, 95% CI=0.80–1.51, P=0.57, I2=81%). However, PCC use was associated with reduced intensive care unit length of stay (MD=-0.81 days, 95% CI=-1.48– -0.13, P=0.02, I2=0%), bleeding (MD=-248.67 ml, 95% CI=-465.36– -31.97, P=0.02, I2=84%), and intra-aortic balloon pump/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (RR=0.65, 95% CI=0.42–0.996, P=0.05, I2=0%) when compared with non-PCC treatment regimens. Conclusion: The use of PCC in cardiac surgery did not correlate with mortality, length of hospital stay, thoracic drainage, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events. However, PCC significantly improved postoperative intensive care unit length of stay, bleeding, and intra-aortic balloon pump/ extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Objective (PCC Methods PubMed PubMed® Embase 10 2022 MD (MD 95 CI (CI RR (RR Results metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta analysis. analysis meta-analysis nonPCC non regimens RR=1.18, RR118 1 18 (RR=1.18 CI086160 0 86 60 CI=0.86–1.60 P030 P 30 P=0.30 I2=0%, I20 I I2=0% , I2 MD=2.17 MD217 MD= 2.17 2 17 (MD=-2.1 days CI=5.62–1.28, CI562128 CI= 5.62–1.28, 5 62 28 CI=-5.62–1.28 P022 22 P=0.22 I2=91%, I291 I2=91% 91 I2=91%) MD=67.94 MD6794 67.94 67 94 (MD=-67.9 ml CI=239.52–103.65, CI2395210365 239.52–103.65, 239 52 103 65 CI=-239.52–103.65 P044 44 P=0.44 RR=1.10, RR110 (RR=1.10 CI074165 74 CI=0.74–1.65 P063 63 P=0.63 I2=39%, I239 I2=39% 39 I2=39%) RR=0.73, RR073 73 (RR=0.73 CI052105 05 CI=0.52–1.05 P024 24 P=0.24 I2=29%, I229 I2=29% 29 I2=29%) CI080151 80 51 CI=0.80–1.51 P057 57 P=0.57 I2=81%. I281 I2=81% . 81 I2=81%) However MD=0.81 MD081 0.81 (MD=-0.8 CI=1.48– CI148 1.48– 48 CI=-1.48 0.13, 013 13 -0.13 P002 02 P=0.02 MD=248.67 MD24867 248.67 248 (MD=-248.6 CI=465.36– CI46536 465.36– 465 36 CI=-465.36 31.97, 3197 31 97 -31.97 I2=84%, I284 I2=84% 84 I2=84%) intraaortic intra aortic pumpextracorporeal pump RR=0.65, RR065 (RR=0.65 CI0420996 42 996 CI=0.42–0.996 P005 P=0.05 Conclusion 202 9 RR=1.18 RR11 (RR=1.1 CI08616 8 6 CI=0.86–1.6 P03 3 P=0.3 I2=0 MD=2.1 MD21 217 2.1 (MD=-2. CI=5.62–1.28 CI56212 562128 5.62–1.28 CI=-5.62–1.2 P02 P=0.2 I29 I2=91 MD=67.9 MD679 6794 67.9 (MD=-67. CI=239.52–103.65 CI239521036 2395210365 239.52–103.65 23 CI=-239.52–103.6 P04 4 P=0.4 RR=1.10 CI07416 7 CI=0.74–1.6 P06 P=0.6 I23 I2=39 RR=0.73 RR07 (RR=0.7 CI05210 CI=0.52–1.0 I22 I2=29 CI08015 CI=0.80–1.5 P05 P=0.5 I28 I2=81 MD=0.8 MD08 081 0.8 (MD=-0. CI=1.48 CI14 148 1.48 CI=-1.4 0.13 01 -0.1 P00 P=0.0 MD=248.6 MD2486 24867 248.6 (MD=-248. CI=465.36 CI4653 46536 465.36 46 CI=-465.3 31.97 319 -31.9 I2=84 RR=0.65 RR06 (RR=0.6 CI042099 99 CI=0.42–0.99 20 RR=1.1 RR1 (RR=1. CI0861 CI=0.86–1. P0 P=0. I2= MD=2. MD2 21 2. (MD=-2 CI=5.62–1.2 CI5621 56212 5.62–1.2 CI=-5.62–1. I2=9 MD=67. MD67 679 67. (MD=-67 CI=239.52–103.6 CI23952103 239521036 239.52–103.6 CI=-239.52–103. CI0741 CI=0.74–1. I2=3 RR=0.7 RR0 (RR=0. CI0521 CI=0.52–1. I2=2 CI0801 CI=0.80–1. I2=8 MD=0. MD0 08 0. (MD=-0 CI=1.4 CI1 14 1.4 CI=-1. 0.1 -0. MD=248. MD248 2486 248. (MD=-248 CI=465.3 CI465 4653 465.3 CI=-465. 31.9 -31. RR=0.6 CI04209 CI=0.42–0.9 RR=1. (RR=1 CI086 CI=0.86–1 P=0 MD=2 (MD=- CI=5.62–1. CI562 5621 5.62–1. CI=-5.62–1 MD=67 MD6 (MD=-6 CI=239.52–103. CI2395210 23952103 239.52–103. CI=-239.52–103 CI074 CI=0.74–1 RR=0. (RR=0 CI052 CI=0.52–1 CI080 CI=0.80–1 MD=0 CI=1. 1. CI=-1 -0 MD=248 MD24 (MD=-24 CI=465. CI46 465. CI=-465 31. -31 CI0420 CI=0.42–0. RR=1 (RR= CI08 CI=0.86– P= (MD= CI=5.62–1 CI56 562 5.62–1 CI=-5.62– MD=6 CI=239.52–103 CI239521 2395210 239.52–103 CI=-239.52–10 CI07 CI=0.74– RR=0 CI05 CI=0.52– CI=0.80– CI=1 CI=- - MD=24 CI=465 CI4 CI=-46 -3 CI042 CI=0.42–0 RR= CI0 CI=0.86 CI=5.62– CI5 56 5.62– CI=-5.62 CI=239.52–10 CI23952 239521 239.52–10 CI=-239.52–1 CI=0.74 CI=0.52 CI=0.80 CI=46 CI=-4 CI04 CI=0.42– CI=0.8 CI=5.62 5.62 CI=-5.6 CI=239.52–1 CI2395 23952 239.52–1 CI=-239.52– CI=0.7 CI=0.5 CI=4 CI=0.42 CI=0. CI=5.6 5.6 CI=-5. CI=239.52– CI239 2395 239.52– CI=-239.52 CI=0.4 CI=0 CI=5. 5. CI=-5 CI=239.52 CI23 239.52 CI=-239.5 CI=5 CI=239.5 CI2 239.5 CI=-239. CI=239. 239. CI=-239 CI=239 CI=-23 CI=23 CI=-2 CI=2

Objective: The advancement of neuroimaging and genetic research has revealed the presence of morphological abnormalities and numerous risk genes, along with their associations. We aimed to estimate magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical thickness across multiple brain regions. Methods: The cortical thickness of 129 schizophrenia patients, 42 of their unaffected siblings, and 112 healthy controls was measured and the candidate genes were sequenced. Comparisons were made of cortical thickness (including 68 regions of the Desikan-Killiany Atlas) and genetic variants (in 108 risk genes for schizophrenia) among the three groups, and correlation analyses were performed regarding cortical thickness, clinical symptoms, cognitive tests (such as the N-back task and the logical memory test), and genetic variants. Results: Schizophrenia patients had significantly thinner bilateral frontal, temporal, and parietal gyri than healthy controls and unaffected siblings. Association analyses in target genes showed that four single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2-catenin, cadherin-associated protein, delta 1 (SNV20673) (positive false discovery rate [PFDR] = 0.008) and centromere protein M (rs35542507, rs41277477, rs73165153) (PFDR = 0.030). Additionally, cortical thickness in the right pars triangularis was lower in carriers of the SNV20673 variant than in non-carriers (PFDR = 0.048). Finally, a positive correlation was found between right pars triangularis cortical thickness and logical memory in schizophrenia patients (r = 0.199, p = 0.032). Conclusions: This study identified regional morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia, including the right homologue of Broca’s area, which was associated with a risk variant that affected delta-1 catenin and logical memory. These findings suggest a potential association between candidate gene loci, cortical thickness, and schizophrenia. Objective associations imagingderived imaging derived Methods 12 4 siblings 11 sequenced 6 DesikanKilliany Desikan Killiany Atlas 10 groups symptoms such Nback N back test, test , test) Results frontal temporal SNVs (SNVs thioredoxinrelated thioredoxin related 2catenin, 2catenin 2 catenin, 2-catenin cadherinassociated cadherin SNV (SNV20673 PFDR [PFDR 0.008 0008 0 008 rs35542507, rs35542507 rs (rs35542507 rs41277477 rs73165153 0.030. 0030 0.030 . 030 0.030) Additionally SNV2067 noncarriers non 0.048. 0048 0.048 048 0.048) Finally r 0199 199 0.199 0.032. 0032 0.032 032 0.032) Conclusions Brocas Broca s area delta1 delta- loci (SNV2067 0.00 000 00 rs3554250 (rs3554250 rs4127747 rs7316515 003 0.03 03 SNV206 004 0.04 04 019 19 0.19 (SNV206 0.0 rs355425 (rs355425 rs412774 rs731651 SNV20 01 0.1 (SNV20 0. rs35542 (rs35542 rs41277 rs73165 SNV2 (SNV2 rs3554 (rs3554 rs4127 rs7316 (SNV rs355 (rs355 rs412 rs731 rs35 (rs35 rs41 rs73 rs3 (rs3 rs4 rs7 (rs

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aims of the present study were to compare the long-term outcomes for ascending aortic dilatation and adverse aortic events after isolated aortic valve replacement between patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve ( TAV). Methods: This retrospective study included 310 patients who had undergone isolated aortic valve replacement with an ascending aorta diameter ≤ 45 mm between January 2010 and September 2021. The patients were divided into BAV group (n=90) and TAV group (n=220). The differences in the dilation rate of the ascending aorta and long-term outcomes were analyzed. Results: Overall survival was 89 ± 4% in the BAV group vs. 75 ± 6% in the TAV group at 10 years postoperatively (P=0.007), yet this difference disappeared after adjusting exclusively for age (P=0.343). The mean annual growth rate of the ascending aorta was similar between the two groups during follow-up (0.5 ± 0.6 mm/year vs. 0.4 ± 0.5 mm/year; P=0.498). Ten-year freedom from adverse aortic events was 98.1% in the BAV group vs. 95.0% in the TAV group (P=0.636). Multivariable analysis revealed preoperative ascending aorta diameter to be a significant predictor of adverse aortic events (hazard ratio: 1.76; 95% confidence interval: 1.33 to 2.38; P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed that the long-term survival and the risks of adverse aortic events between BAV and TAV patients were similar after isolated aortic valve replacement. BAV was not a risk factor of adverse aortic events. Objectives longterm long term (BAV TAV. . TAV) Methods 31 4 201 2021 n=90 n90 n 90 (n=90 n=220. n220 n=220 220 (n=220) analyzed Results 8 vs 7 6 1 P=0.007, P0007 P P=0.007 , 0 007 (P=0.007) P=0.343. P0343 P=0.343 343 (P=0.343) followup follow up 05 5 (0. 06 0. mmyear year 04 P=0.498. P0498 P=0.498 498 P=0.498) Tenyear Ten 981 98 98.1 950 95 95.0 P=0.636. P0636 P=0.636 636 (P=0.636) hazard ratio 1.76 176 76 interval 133 33 1.3 2.38 238 2 38 P<0.001. P0001 P<0.001 001 P<0.001) Conclusion 3 20 202 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 n22 n=22 22 (n=220 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.007 P034 P=0.34 34 (P=0.343 (0 P049 P=0.49 49 98. 95. P063 P=0.63 63 (P=0.636 1.7 17 13 1. 2.3 23 P<0.00 n= (n= n2 n=2 (n=22 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 P03 P=0.3 (P=0.34 P04 P=0.4 P06 P=0.6 (P=0.63 2. P<0.0 (n (n=2 P0 P=0. (P=0.0 (P=0.3 (P=0.6 P<0. P=0 (P=0. P<0 P= (P=0 P< (P= (P

Abstract Background The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of Neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established Bone Cancer Pain (BCP) model. The objective was to explore the mechanism of neuroligin involved in the occurrence and development of bone cancer pain. Methods Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP. Results We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not of NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively. Conclusions Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP. neurotransmitters (NLs (BCP model time realtime real vectors wholecell whole cell patchclamp patch clamp NL3 Accordingly γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric acidergic acid ergic respectively cancerrelated related