ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects on peripheral neural regeneration of the end-to-side embracing repair technique compared to the autograft repair technique in Wistar rats. Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups with five animals each: denervated group (GD), autograft group (GA), and embracing group (EG). For the evaluation, the grasping test, electroneuromyography (ENMG), and muscle weight assessment were used. Results: Muscle weight assessment and ENMG did not show significant neural regeneration at the end of 12 weeks in the DG and GE groups, but only in GA. The grasping test showed an increase in strength between the surgery and the fourth week in all groups, and only the GA maintained this trend until the 12th week. Conclusions: The present study indicates that the neural regeneration observed in the end-to-side embracing neurorrhaphy technique, in the repair of segmental neural loss, is inferior to autograft repair in Wistar rats. Purpose endtoside side Methods each GD, GD , (GD) GA, (GA) EG. EG . (EG) evaluation ENMG, (ENMG) used Results 1 th Conclusions loss (GD (GA (EG (ENMG

Resumo O estudo realizou uma revisão do perfil parasitológico de vegetais, de 2001 a 2021, considerando o tipo, consumo e cultivo, global. Foram pesquisadas as bases MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus com os termos "Detection OR Prevalence OR Incidence OR occurrence OR contamination AND vegetable OR fruit AND Helminth OR egg OR Parasite OR cysts OR protozoa". Foram encontrados 16.600 artigos, 117 dos quais foram revisados. Das 391.291 amostras, 3,85% (15.095) estavam contaminadas por parasitos. Entre as positivas, 30,10% (4.543/15.095) continham enteroparasitos comumente de origem humana e 58,78% (8.873/15.095) eram originadas de mercados. Poucos artigos mencionaram o tipo de cultivo, mas entre esses, o convencional apresentou maior contaminação (42,34%; 224/529). Vegetais herbáceos foram os mais contaminados (56,84%; 8.580/15.095). Ascaris lumbricoides foi encontrado em 10,16% (1.535/15.095) das amostras. Alface foi o vegetal mais contaminado (20,43%; 3.084/15.095). vegetais 200 2021 cultivo global MEDLINE SciELO Detection protozoa. protozoa . protozoa" 16600 16 600 16.60 11 revisados 391291 391 291 391.29 amostras 385 3 85 3,85 15.095 15095 15 095 (15.095 parasitos positivas 3010 30 10 30,10 4.543/15.095 454315095 4 543 (4.543/15.095 5878 58 78 58,78 8.873/15.095 887315095 8 873 (8.873/15.095 mercados esses 42,34% 4234 42 34 (42,34% 224/529. 224529 224/529 224 529 224/529) 56,84% 5684 56 84 (56,84% 8.580/15.095. 858015095 8.580/15.095 580 8.580/15.095) 1016 10,16 1.535/15.095 153515095 1 535 (1.535/15.095 20,43% 2043 20 43 (20,43% 3.084/15.095. 308415095 3.084/15.095 084 3.084/15.095) 202 1660 60 16.6 39129 39 29 391.2 38 3,8 15.09 1509 09 (15.09 301 30,1 4.543/15.09 45431509 54 (4.543/15.09 587 5 7 58,7 8.873/15.09 88731509 87 (8.873/15.09 42,34 423 (42,34 22452 224/52 22 52 56,84 568 (56,84 85801509 8.580/15.09 101 10,1 1.535/15.09 15351509 53 (1.535/15.09 20,43 204 2 (20,43 30841509 3.084/15.09 08 166 6 16. 3912 391. 3, 15.0 150 0 (15.0 30, 4.543/15.0 4543150 (4.543/15.0 58, 8.873/15.0 8873150 (8.873/15.0 42,3 (42,3 2245 224/5 56,8 (56,8 8580150 8.580/15.0 10, 1.535/15.0 1535150 (1.535/15.0 20,4 (20,4 3084150 3.084/15.0 15. (15. 4.543/15. 454315 (4.543/15. 8.873/15. 887315 (8.873/15. 42, (42, 224/ 56, (56, 858015 8.580/15. 1.535/15. 153515 (1.535/15. 20, (20, 308415 3.084/15. (15 4.543/15 45431 (4.543/15 8.873/15 88731 (8.873/15 (42 (56 85801 8.580/15 1.535/15 15351 (1.535/15 (20 30841 3.084/15 (1 4.543/1 4543 (4.543/1 8.873/1 8873 (8.873/1 (4 (5 8580 8.580/1 1.535/1 1535 (1.535/1 (2 3084 3.084/1 ( 4.543/ 454 (4.543/ 8.873/ 887 (8.873/ 858 8.580/ 1.535/ 153 (1.535/ 308 3.084/ 4.543 45 (4.543 8.873 88 (8.873 8.580 1.535 (1.535 3.084 4.54 (4.54 8.87 (8.87 8.58 1.53 (1.53 3.08 4.5 (4.5 8.8 (8.8 8.5 1.5 (1.5 3.0 4. (4. 8. (8. 1. (1. 3. (8

Abstract The study conducted a review of the parasitological profile of vegetables from 2001 to 2021, considering the type, consumption, and cultivation, globally. The databases searched included MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus using the terms "Detection OR Prevalence OR Incidence OR occurrence OR contamination AND vegetable OR fruit AND Helminth OR egg OR Parasite OR cysts OR protozoa". A total of 16,600 articles were found, 117 of which were reviewed. Of the 391,291 samples, 3.85% (15,095) were contaminated by parasites. Among those positive, 30.10% (4,543/15,095) contained enteroparasites commonly of human origin and 58.78% (8,873/15,095) came from markets. Few articles mentioned the cultivation type, but among those, conventional cultivation showed more contamination (42.34%; 224/529). Herbaceous vegetables were the most contaminated (56.84%; 8,580/15,095. Ascaris lumbricoides was found in 10.16% (1,535/15,095) of the samples. Lettuce was the most contaminated (20.43%; 3,084/15,095). 200 2021 type consumption globally MEDLINE SciELO Direct Detection protozoa. protozoa . protozoa" 16600 16 600 16,60 11 reviewed 391291 391 291 391,29 samples 385 3 85 3.85 15,095 15095 15 095 (15,095 parasites positive 3010 30 10 30.10 4,543/15,095 454315095 4 543 (4,543/15,095 5878 58 78 58.78 8,873/15,095 887315095 8 873 (8,873/15,095 markets 42.34% 4234 42 34 (42.34% 224/529. 224529 224/529 224 529 224/529) 56.84% 5684 56 84 (56.84% 858015095 580 8,580/15,095 1016 10.16 1,535/15,095 153515095 1 535 (1,535/15,095 20.43% 2043 20 43 (20.43% 3,084/15,095. 308415095 3,084/15,095 084 3,084/15,095) 202 1660 60 16,6 39129 39 29 391,2 38 3.8 15,09 1509 09 (15,09 301 30.1 4,543/15,09 45431509 54 (4,543/15,09 587 5 7 58.7 8,873/15,09 88731509 87 (8,873/15,09 42.34 423 (42.34 22452 224/52 22 52 56.84 568 (56.84 85801509 8,580/15,09 101 10.1 1,535/15,09 15351509 53 (1,535/15,09 20.43 204 2 (20.43 30841509 3,084/15,09 08 166 6 16, 3912 391, 3. 15,0 150 0 (15,0 30. 4,543/15,0 4543150 (4,543/15,0 58. 8,873/15,0 8873150 (8,873/15,0 42.3 (42.3 2245 224/5 56.8 (56.8 8580150 8,580/15,0 10. 1,535/15,0 1535150 (1,535/15,0 20.4 (20.4 3084150 3,084/15,0 15, (15, 4,543/15, 454315 (4,543/15, 8,873/15, 887315 (8,873/15, 42. (42. 224/ 56. (56. 858015 8,580/15, 1,535/15, 153515 (1,535/15, 20. (20. 308415 3,084/15, (15 4,543/15 45431 (4,543/15 8,873/15 88731 (8,873/15 (42 (56 85801 8,580/15 1,535/15 15351 (1,535/15 (20 30841 3,084/15 (1 4,543/1 4543 (4,543/1 8,873/1 8873 (8,873/1 (4 (5 8580 8,580/1 1,535/1 1535 (1,535/1 (2 3084 3,084/1 ( 4,543/ 454 (4,543/ 8,873/ 887 (8,873/ 858 8,580/ 1,535/ 153 (1,535/ 308 3,084/ 4,543 45 (4,543 8,873 88 (8,873 8,580 1,535 (1,535 3,084 4,54 (4,54 8,87 (8,87 8,58 1,53 (1,53 3,08 4,5 (4,5 8,8 (8,8 8,5 1,5 (1,5 3,0 4, (4, 8, (8, 1, (1, 3, (8

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the distribution profile of thyroidectomies in Brazil from 2010 to 2020 from a macro-regional perspective. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, detailed and descriptive study built on secondary data obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). We organized the data in tables and grouped them according to the federative unit, macro-region, type of procedure, mortality rate, and year of performance. We performed statistical analysis using the χ2 test to assess the association between the variables, observing a P value of < 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Results: From 2010 to 2020, 160 219 thyroidectomy surgeries were performed, of which 77 812 (48.56%) were total, 38 064 (23.76%) partial and 41 191 (25.70%) oncological.The Southeast was responsible for the largest share of procedures, with 70 745 (44.15%), followed by the Northeast with 43 887 (27.39%). In 2020, the procedure was less performed, with 9226 (5.75%) surgeries. The total mortality rate was 0.16% during the study period. Conclusion: We found that thyroidectomies are carried out mainly in the Southeastern, Northeastern, and Southern regions, and showed a downward trend in 2020, which may be related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, total thyroidectomy is the most performed surgery, and the Northern region had the highest mortality rate. Objective 201 202 macroregional macro regional perspective methods retrospective SIH/SUS. SIHSUS SIH/SUS . SIH SUS (SIH/SUS) unit macroregion, macroregion region, macro-region performance χ variables 005 0 05 0.0 95 95% Results 16 21 7 81 48.56% 4856 48 56 (48.56% 3 06 23.76% 2376 23 76 (23.76% 4 19 25.70% 2570 25 (25.70% oncologicalThe oncological procedures 74 44.15%, 4415 44.15% , 44 15 (44.15%) 88 27.39%. 2739 27.39% 27 39 (27.39%) 922 5.75% 575 5 75 (5.75% 016 0.16 period Conclusion Southeastern Northeastern regions COVID19 COVID COVID-1 pandemic addition surgery 20 (SIH/SUS 00 0. 9 1 2 8 48.56 485 (48.56 23.76 237 (23.76 25.70 257 (25.70 441 44.15 (44.15% 273 27.39 (27.39% 92 5.75 57 (5.75 01 0.1 COVID1 COVID- 48.5 (48.5 23.7 (23.7 25.7 (25.7 44.1 (44.15 27.3 (27.39 5.7 (5.7 48. (48. 23. (23. 25. (25. 44. (44.1 27. (27.3 5. (5. (48 (23 (25 (44. (27. (5 (4 (2 (44 (27 (

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptide in the treatment of superficial chondral lesions in rats. Method This research employed 18 Rattus norvegicus. A single intraarticular infiltration of sodium iodoacetate (2 mg solution) through the patellar ligament induced joint damage in previously anesthetized animals. We divided the animals into three groups: a control group, a collagen peptide group, and a hydrolyzed collagen group. Treatment consisted of oral administration of collagen peptide or hydrolyzed collagen for 30 days. Afterwards, we euthanized the animals and studied the joint chondral changes. We evaluated the results according to the chondrocyte clusters count and a histological evaluation, as per Pritzker et al. Results There was no statistical significance in injury stages between the control, hydrolyzed collagen, and collagen peptide groups (p= 0.11). Regarding scores, there was a statistical significance between the groups treated with hydrolyzed collagen and collagen peptide (p< 0.05), but not in comparison with the control group. Conclusion The proposed treatments of the induced chondral lesion with the oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides were effective, resulting in lesion stabilization or regression, and warranting further experimental research to understand and improve the primary outcome of this study. rats 1 norvegicus 2 ( solution group 3 days Afterwards changes evaluation al p= p (p 0.11. 011 0.11 . 0 11 0.11) scores p< 0.05, 005 0.05 , 05 0.05) effective regression study 01 0.1 00 0.0 0.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do colágeno hidrolisado e do peptídeo de colágeno no tratamento de lesões condrais superficiais de ratos. Método Foram utilizados 18 Rattus norvegicus nesta pesquisa. O dano articular foi induzido por uma única infiltração intra-articular de iodoacetato de sódio (solução 2 mg), injetada através do ligamento patelar da articulação dos animais previamente anestesiados. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle, grupo peptídeo de colágeno e grupo colágeno hidrolisado. O tratamento foi realizado por 30 dias com a administração via oral do peptídeo de colágeno ou do colágeno hidrolisado. Posteriormente, foi realizada a eutanásia dos experimentos e seguiu-se para o estudo das alterações condrais articulares. Os resultados foram avaliados conforme contagem de condrócitos por cluster e através da avaliação histológica segundo Pritzker et al. Resultados Ao observar os estágios de lesão, não foi observada significância estatística entre os grupos controle, colágeno hidrolisado e peptídeo de colágeno (p= 0,11). Ao observar os escores, houve significância estatística na comparação do grupo tratado com colágeno hidrolisado e o grupo peptídeo colágeno (p< 0,05), porém sem diferença estatística em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão Os tratamentos propostos da lesão condral induzida com uso de colágeno hidrolisado ou peptídeos de colágeno via oral mostraram-se eficazes, com estabilização ou regressão da lesão apresentada em ratos, merecendo novas pesquisas experimentais com o intuito de compreender e melhorar o desfecho primário deste trabalho. ratos 1 pesquisa intraarticular intra solução mg, mg , mg) anestesiados controle 3 Posteriormente seguiuse seguiu se articulares al p= p (p 0,11. 011 0,11 . 0 11 0,11) escores p< 0,05, 005 0,05 05 0,05) mostraramse mostraram eficazes trabalho 01 0,1 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Introduction The academic environment can negatively impact the mental health of undergraduate students, particularly in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. This study aimed to describe the methodological and operational aspects of a study of the health and well-being of undergraduate students: the Study on the Health and Wellness of Undergraduate Students (SABES-Grad) project. Method This was a nationwide cross-sectional study divided across two data collection strategies: a single-center, on-site data collection carried out in 2019 at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) and a multicenter, multilevel, online data collection carried out in 2020/2021 at FURG, the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), and the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). The main outcomes of interest were depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety, and suicide risk. Results A total of 996 students participated in the 2019 data collection (63.8% female; median age of 22 years; response rate of 85.2%) and 5,720 students participated in the 2020/2021 collection (66.7% female; median age of 22 years; response rate of 84.3%). Significant variations in socioeconomic and demographic profiles were observed between the different universities. Approximately one-third of the sample had been tested for Covid-19 in 2020/2021, 7.8% of whom had tested positive. Conclusion The SABES-Grad project was the result of collaborative work between several actors from public universities in Brazil. Several aspects of the preparation and execution of this research are discussed in terms of its originality and relevance. Barriers and limitations and strategies adopted to overcome them are also presented. 201 Covid19 Covid 19 (Covid-19 pandemic wellbeing well being SABESGrad SABES Grad (SABES-Grad crosssectional cross sectional singlecenter, singlecenter single center, center single-center onsite site FURG (FURG multicenter multilevel 20202021 2020 2021 2020/202 UFF, UFF , (UFF) UFMT, UFMT (UFMT) UEA, UEA (UEA) UFRPE. UFRPE . (UFRPE) symptoms anxiety risk 99 63.8% 638 63 8 (63.8 female 2 years 85.2% 852 85 5720 5 720 5,72 66.7% 667 66 7 (66.7 84.3%. 843 84.3% 84 3 84.3%) onethird one third Covid-1 78 7.8 positive Brazil relevance presented 20 Covid1 1 (Covid-1 2020202 202 2020/20 (UFF (UFMT (UEA (UFRPE 9 63.8 6 (63. 85.2 572 72 5,7 66.7 (66. 84.3 Covid- 7. (Covid- 202020 2020/2 63. (63 85. 57 5, 66. (66 84. (Covid 20202 2020/ (6 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To introduce a new low-cost simulation model for training basic surgical skills. Methods: The training model was made from a mixture of 20 g of acetic silicone with 11 g of maize starch. Validation consisted of serial training sessions, evaluating the mean pre- and post-training time and the mean final score according to the global rating scale. Results: A decrease in the time required to perform the sutures was observed, comparing the average post and pre-training time of each training day, with a significant correlation between the order of training and the time for performing the simulation. Conclusions: The presented model proved to be capable of simulating the basic suture training skills. It is easy to make, has low cost, and can be easily reproduced in educational institutions. Purpose lowcost cost skills Methods 2 1 starch sessions pre posttraining scale Results observed pretraining day Conclusions make institutions

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the viability of the porcine vas deferens as a realistic microsurgical training model for vasectomy reversal Methods: The model uses swine testicles (vas deferent), which are usually discarded in large street markets since they are not part of Brazilian cuisine. The spermatic cord was carefully dissected, and the vas deferens were isolated, measuring 10 cm in length. A paper quadrilateral with 5 cm2 was built to delimit the surgical training field. The objective of the model is to simulate only the microsurgical step when the vas deferens are already isolated. The parameters analyzed were: feasibility for reproducing the technique, patency before and after performing the vasovasostomy, cost of the model, ease of acquisition, ease of handling, execution time, and model reproducibility. Results: The simulator presented low cost. All models made were viable with a texture similar to human, with positive patency obtained in 100% of the procedures. The internal and external diameters of the vas deferens varied between 0.2-0.4 mm and 2-3 mm, respectively, with a mean length of 9 ± 1.2 cm. The total procedure time was 43.28 ± 3.22 minutes. Conclusions: The realistic model presented proved to be viable for carrying out vasectomy reversal training, due to its low cost, easy acquisition, and easy handling, and providing similar tissue characteristics to humans. Purpose Methods deferent, deferent , deferent) cuisine dissected isolated 1 field technique vasovasostomy acquisition handling reproducibility Results human 100 procedures 0.20.4 0204 0.2 0.4 0 2 4 0.2-0. 23 3 2- respectively 12 1. 4328 43 28 43.2 322 22 3.2 minutes Conclusions humans 20 0.20. 020 02 0. 04 0.2-0 432 43. 32 3. 0.20 0.2-

ABSTRACT Introduction: historically, surgical medical specialties are mostly male, a scenario which, in recent years, has undergone changes. In this sense, despite the relevance of the growth of female participation in the medical career, little is discussed about the distribution between genders of the main surgical medical specialties in the country. Objective: discuss the process of feminization in surgical specialties in Brazil over the last few years, tracing a distribution profile of these specialties. Methods: this is a retrospective and cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Censuses of Medical Demography in Brazil in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023, including the surgical specialties: Urology, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Thoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Digestive System Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Hand Surgery, General Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Ophthalmology, Coloproctology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Surgery, and Gynecology and Obstetrics. Results: males prevails in numbers, among the surgical specialties, however, with a lower growth rate compared to females. Specialties such as urology, orthopedics and traumatology and neurosurgery are mostly male, while gynecology and obstetrics are female. Conclusion: it is evident that female participation in the surgical medical field has increased significantly over the last few years. Introduction historically male which changes sense career country Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional 2011 2013 2015 2018 202 2023 Urology Traumatology Surgery Neurosurgery Ophthalmology Coloproctology Otorhinolaryngology Obstetrics Results numbers however females urology Conclusion 201 20 2

RESUMO Introdução: historicamente, as especialidades médicas cirúrgicas são, majoritariamente, masculinas, cenário o qual, nos últimos anos, passa por mudanças. Nesse sentido, apesar da relevância do crescimento da participação feminina na carreira médica, pouco se debate sobre a distribuição entre sexos das principais especialidades médicas cirúrgicas no país. Objetivo: discutir o processo de feminização nas especialidades cirúrgicas no Brasil ao longo dos últimos anos, traçando um perfil de distribuição dessas especialidades. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e transversal com dados secundários oriundos dos Censos de Demografia Médica no Brasil dos anos de 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 e 2023, incluindo as especialidades cirúrgicas:Urologia, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Cirurgia Torácica, Neurocirurgia, Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Cirurgia da Mão, Cirurgia Geral, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Cirurgia Vascular, Cirurgia Plástica, Oftalmologia, Coloproctologia, Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia Pediátrica e Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Resultados: O sexo masculino prevalece em números, dentre as especialidades cirúrgicas, porém, com menor taxa de crescimento em comparação ao sexo feminino. Especialidades como a urologia, ortopedia e traumatologia e neurocirurgia são majoritariamente masculinas, enquanto a ginecologia e obstetrícia, feminina. Conclusão: evidencia-se que a participação feminina na área médica cirúrgica aumentou significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos. Introdução historicamente masculinas qual mudanças sentido país Objetivo Métodos Tratase Trata 2011 2013 2015 2018 202 2023 cirúrgicasUrologia, cirúrgicasUrologia Urologia, Urologia cirúrgicas:Urologia Traumatologia Torácica Neurocirurgia Digestivo Cardiovascular Mão Geral Pescoço Vascular Plástica Oftalmologia Coloproctologia Otorrinolaringologia Obstetrícia Resultados números porém feminino urologia obstetrícia Conclusão evidenciase evidencia 201 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and validate an ophthalmic model for corneal transplantation and micro suture training using a bovine eyeball as a model. Methods For the training model, the eyeball was placed under the sanitary field placed on the ends of a common 3.5cm diameter cylindrical plastic container for corneal removal. A superficial circular incision was made, then 9cm curved Castroviejo scissors were used for complete corneal removal. The cornea was replaced in its original position, and 10-0 nylon thread was used to perform the sutures, with 9 equidistant stitches. Finally, the following criteria were evaluated: suturing time, time and quality progression in each attempt, dexterity and suturing improvement. Results The described model proved to be feasible and suitable for corneal micro suture training, allowing improvement and gain of dexterity in the sport. Conclusion The presented microsurgical training model has a high feasibility for the simulation of ophthalmic surgeries, in addition to a texture similar to the real human eye, which makes it close to reality. 35cm cm 3 5cm removal made position 100 10 0 10- sutures stitches Finally evaluated attempt sport surgeries eye reality 1

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever e validar um modelo oftalmológico para treinamento de transplante e microssutura de córnea utilizando globo ocular bovino. Métodos Para a montagem do modelo de treinamento, o globo ocular foi disposto sob o campo cirúrgico, apoiado sobre um recipiente plástico cilíndrico comum de 3,5cm de diâmetro, para a retirada da córnea. Foi realizada uma incisão circular superficial, e, posteriormente, uma tesoura Castroviejo curva de 9 cm foi utilizada para remoção completa da córnea, que foi recolocada em sua posição original, para que, em seguida, fossem confeccionados nove pontos equidistantes, usando fio de nylon 10-0. Por fim, foram avaliados os seguintes critérios: tempo de realização das suturas; evolução do tempo e da qualidade a cada teste; e destreza e aperfeiçoamento da realização das suturas. Resultados O modelo descrito demonstrou-se viável e adequado para o treinamento de microssuturas na córnea, possibilitando aperfeiçoamento e ganho de habilidades cirúrgicas. Conclusão O modelo de treinamento microcirúrgico apresentado possui alta viabilidade para a simulação de cirurgias oftalmológicas e textura semelhante à do olho humano real, o que o torna próximo à realidade. bovino cirúrgico 35cm 3 5cm diâmetro superficial posteriormente original seguida equidistantes 100. 100 10 0. 0 10-0 fim critérios suturas teste demonstrouse demonstrou se cirúrgicas real realidade 1 10-

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Late breast cancer diagnosis increases the number of surgeries, resulting in high mortality and unsightly results. Therefore, the institution of breast reconstruction procedures is essential. Method: Descriptive, quantitative, and retrospective study on authorizations for hospital admission of patients undergoing breast surgical procedures in oncology from 2011 to 2020, whose data were obtained from the DATASUS platform. Results: 7,529 breast cancer surgeries and 1,949 reconstructive surgeries were performed in the North Region. There was an increase in the number of procedures throughout the decade. In all states, it is possible to notice the difference in the number of municipalities of residence compared to the municipalities of hospitalization. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish oncological reference centers, guaranteeing individualized treatment and breast reconstruction. Introduction results Therefore essential Method Descriptive quantitative 201 2020 platform Results 7529 7 529 7,52 1949 1 949 1,94 Region decade states hospitalization Conclusion centers 20 202 752 52 7,5 194 94 1,9 2 75 5 7, 19 9 1,

■ RESUMO Introdução: O diagnóstico tardio do câncer de mama eleva o número de cirurgias, resultando em alta mortalidade e resultado pouco estético. Assim, é fundamental a instituição de procedimentos de reconstrução mamária. Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo sobre as autorizações de internação hospitalar de pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos de mama em oncologia, no período de 2011 a 2020, cujo dados foram obtidos na plataforma DATASUS. Resultados: 7.529 cirurgias de câncer de mama e 1.949 cirurgias reparadoras foram realizadas na Região Norte. Houve aumento do número de procedimentos ao longo da década. Em todos os estados é possível perceber a diferença no número de municípios de residência, comparado aos municípios de internação. Conclusão: Necessita-se instituir centros de referência oncológica, garantindo tratamento individualizado e a reconstrução mamária. Introdução estético Assim mamária Método descritivo oncologia 201 2020 DATASUS Resultados 7529 7 529 7.52 1949 1 949 1.94 Norte década residência Conclusão Necessitase Necessita se oncológica 20 202 752 52 7.5 194 94 1.9 2 75 5 7. 19 9 1.

Abstract During the last quarter of 2019, the beaches, mangroves, and estuaries of Northeast Brazil received an unprecedented volume of crude oil from the sea, which became the worst environmental disaster ever to reach the Brazilian coast. The oil, having reached the shores completely unnoticed, left both society and government agents completely clueless on (i) where the oil was coming from; (ii) how much oil was still in the ocean to reach the shorelines; and (iii) which beaches were going to be affected next! By exploring remote sensing data and ocean numerical modeling, along with oil dispersion chemistry on sea water, this study investigates the possible origin and path of the spill and whether it could have been detected from space. The oil dispersion modeling simulations performed for this investigation revealed a possible region and timing of the oil spill, also indicating the likelihood of it being advected toward the shoreline under the ocean surface.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the microsurgical anatomical aspects of the extratemporal facial nerve of Wistar rats under a high-definition video system. Methods: Ten male Wistar rats (12–15 weeks old), without veterinary diseases, weighing 220–280 g, were used in this study. All animals in this study were submitted to the same protocol and by the same surgeon. A 10-mm incision was made below the bony prominence of the right or left ear, and extended towards the angle of the mandible. The dissection was performed and the main branches of the facial nerve were dissected. Results: The main trunk of the facial nerve has a length of 0.88 ± 0.10 mm and a length of 3.81 ± 1.03 mm, measured from its emergence from the stylomastoid foramen to its bifurcation. Seven branches originating from the facial nerve were identified: posterior auricular, posterior cervical, cervical, mandibular, buccal, temporal, and zygomatic. Conclusions: The anatomy of the facial nerve is comparable to that of humans, with some variations. The most observed anatomical division was the distribution in posterior auricular, posterior cervical, cervical, mandibular, buccal, temporal, and zygomatic branches. There is no statistical difference between the thickness and distance of the structures compared to the contralateral side.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the technique of sublay correction of incisional hernia in Wistar rats under videomagnification system. Methods: Five male rats of the species Rattus norvegicus, of the Wistar lineage, with body weight between 250–350 g and 60 days old were used. Incisional hernia was inducted in all animals. After that, the incisional hernia was immediately corrected by the sublay method. Results: There were no cases of recurrence of the incisional hernia after placement of the polypropylene mesh using the sublay technique. No postoperative complications were observed. Conclusions: The technique is suitable for execution in Wistar rats.

Resumo Contexto As varizes são um agravo que vêm aumentando nos últimos anos e, nos casos mais graves, necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico para a resolução do quadro clínico do paciente. Apesar da sua importância, não há trabalhos epidemiológicos que englobem todo o território brasileiro de modo a demonstrar como está a distribuição das cirurgias para a correção desse agravo pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivos Descrever o perfil ecológico do tratamento cirúrgico para a correção de varizes no Brasil no período de 2010 a 2020. Métodos O estudo caracteriza-se como descritivo-analítico, mediante a coleta de dados proveniente do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Os dados, disponibilizados pela própria plataforma, foram tabelados e categorizados de acordo com o estado, a região, o caráter do procedimento e o ano de realização. O programa BioEstat 5.3 foi utilizado para a realização do teste estatístico de qui-quadrado, sendo adotado o intervalo de confiança de 95% e o valor significativo de p <0,05. Resultados No período de 2010 a 2020, foram realizadas 755.752 cirurgias para o tratamento de varizes, sendo 292.538 unilaterais (38,71%) e 463.214 (61,29%) bilaterais. A região Sudeste foi responsável por 418.791 (55,41%) procedimentos, seguida pelo Sul, com 180.689 (23,91%). Foram registradas 40 mortes pelo procedimento no período analisado, das quais 26 ocorreram em cirurgias bilaterais (65%) e a maioria no Sudeste (24 óbitos). Conclusões Verificou-se que esse procedimento é realizado majoritariamente nas regiões Sudeste e Sul, com maior prevalência da cirurgia bilateral de caráter eletivo.

Abstract Background Varicose veins have become more common over recent years and in the most serious cases surgical treatment is necessary to resolve patients’ clinical status. Despite their importance, there are no epidemiological studies that cover the whole of Brazil, showing how surgery to correct varicose veins conducted by the Unified Health System (SUS) is distributed in the country. Objectives To describe the ecological profile of surgical treatment to correct varicose veins in Brazil from 2010 to 2020. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical study of data obtained from the SUS Hospital Information System. These data were tabulated and categorized by state, region, type of procedure, and year. BioEstat 5.3 was used to conduct chi-square statistical tests with a 95% confidence interval and significance cutoff of p <0.05. Results From 2010 to 2020, 755,752 surgical operations to treat varicose veins were conducted; 292,538 were unilateral (38.71%) and 463,214 (61.29%) were bilateral. Of these, 418,791 (55.41%) procedures were performed in the Southeast region, followed by 180,689 (23.91%) in the South region. A total of 40 deaths were registered in connection with these procedures during the period, 26 of which (65%) were associated with bilateral surgery and the majority of which occurred in the Southeast (24 deaths). Conclusions It was observed that the majority of procedures are performed in the Southeast and South regions, and that bilateral elective surgery is the most prevalent.

Resumo Contexto A produção científica brasileira cresce de forma quantitativa e qualitativa a cada década. Entretanto, há uma desvalorização dos periódicos brasileiros demonstrada através da baixa quantidade de citações em comparação a textos de revistas internacionais, com justificativa subentendida de que há superioridade qualitativa de artigos estrangeiros. Objetivos Verificar a diferença entre o número de citações de periódicos nacionais e internacionais em três revistas brasileiras no período de 2016 a 2020. Métodos Foram analisados todos os artigos publicados na Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, no Jornal Vascular Brasileiro e na Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira no intervalo de 2016 a 2020. Os estudos selecionados tiveram suas referências avaliadas, sendo contabilizado o número total de citações e se eram provenientes de periódicos brasileiros ou de periódicos estrangeiros. Resultados Foram analisados 902 artigos, totalizando 23.394 referências, com média de 25,81 ± 8,59 por artigo. Nesse contexto, 2.680 (11,45%) eram nacionais, correspondentes a uma média de 2,95 ± 3,79 referências brasileiras por artigo. Conclusões Faz-se necessária a maior valorização dos periódicos brasileiros, em especial por parte dos pesquisadores nacionais e das instituições responsáveis pelo fomento da ciência.

Abstract Background The quantity and quality of Brazilian scientific output increases decade by decade. However, there is a tendency to undervalue Brazilian journals, illustrated by the low number of citations compared with texts in international journals, with the tacit justification that foreign articles are of superior quality. Objectives To investigate the differences in numbers of citations of Brazilian and international periodicals in three Brazilian journals from 2016 to 2020. Methods All articles published in the Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons, in the Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, and in Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed. The references of these studies were analyzed, summing the total number of citations and classifying them as published in Brazilian or foreign journals. Results A total of 902 articles were analyzed, totaling 23,394 references, with a mean of 25.81 ± 8.59 references per article. Of these, 2,680 (11.45%) were Brazilian, equating to a mean of 2.95 ± 3.79 Brazilian references per article. Conclusions It is necessary to improve appreciation of Brazilian periodicals, especially among Brazilian researchers and institutions responsible for science funding.