ABSTRACT: Extensive fractures in the fixed facial skeleton combined with traumatic brain injury can cause functional and esthetic impairments, possibly threatening the patient's life. Male patient, 50-year-old, victim of physical aggression, presented with persistent headache and dizziness, fractures in the naso-orbito-ethmoidal, zygomatic-maxillary and right pterygoid process regions, among other minor patterns of facial fracture, with mobility to maxillary traction of the third midface unilaterally. Clinical-imaging findings revealed a Hemi Le Fort III fracture and subdural and subarachnoid pneumocephalus with a mild Mount Fuji Sign. The proposed treatment was facial osteosynthesis and conservative intravenous drug treatment of the pneumocephalus. The patient had a good recovery, with no postoperative motor or functional deficits. The correct management of the patient with facial trauma associated with craniotrauma offers benefits, restoring stability of facial architecture and preventing or correcting neurosurgical complications.

RESUMEN: Las fracturas extensas en el esqueleto facial combinadas con una lesión cerebral traumática pueden causar deficiencias funcionales y estéticas, que posiblemente pongan en peligro la vida del paciente. Paciente de sexo masculino, 50 años, víctima de agresión física, que presentó cefalea persistente y mareos, fracturas en las regiones naso-orbito-etmoidal, cigomático-maxilar y pterigoides derecha, entre otros patrones menores de fractura facial, con movilidad a tracción maxilar del tercio medio facial unilateralmente. Los hallazgos de las imágenes clínicas revelaron una hemifractura de Le Fort III y neumocefalia subdural y subaracnoidea con un leve signo del Monte Fuji. El tratamiento propuesto fue la osteosíntesis facial y el tratamiento farmacológico intravenoso conservador de la neumocefalia. El paciente tuvo una buena recuperación, sin déficit motor ni funcionales postoperatorios. El manejo adecuado del paciente con trauma facial asociado a craneotrauma ofrece beneficios, devolviendo la estabilidad de la arquitectura facial y previniendo o complicaciones neuroquirúrgicas.

Abstract Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder, defined as a white plaque that cannot be diagnosed as another known disease or disorder, and has an increased risk of malignancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results of CO2 laser treatment in a well-defined cohort of patients with oral leukoplakia in order to identify the occurrence of clinical outcomes of relapse, resolution, or malignancy after treatment. The study group comprised 37 patients. Before treatment, clinical photographs and incisional biopsies were obtained in all cases. In addition, the post-treatment results were documented using photographs. Evaluation of treatment results was performed by an independent researcher who had not performed the surgery. The minimum, maximum, and mean values of continuous variables were calculated. Statistically significant relationships were tested using the Cox regression analysis. A survival curve was constructed according to the Kaplan–Meier method to analyze the malignant transformation and recurrence of oral leukoplakia. The clinical outcomes analyzed were resolution, recurrence, and malignancy. The mean follow-up period was 36 months (range, 6–239 months). In 13/37 patients, leukoplakia recurred between 6 and 93 months (mean, 38.2 months). In 8/37 patients, a malignant transformation occurred (mean, 50.6 months). In 16/37 patients, lesion resolution occurred. No risk factor was statistically significant for malignancy or recurrence of lesions. The treatment of the lesions by CO2 laser was efficient in the removal of the lesions; however, it did not avoid the clinical outcomes of recurrence or malignancy.

Abstract: In Brazil, there are 15,500 incident cases of oral cancer (OC) yearly, and early diagnosis is the main factor for a better prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze the interval between the first symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment commencement in patients with malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity, lips, and oropharynx diagnosed between 2012–2018. Epidemiological data, duration, history of lesion, biopsy, and diagnosis were obtained from the medical records of these patients, who were then contacted via phone and interviewed about their oncological treatment. The results were analyzed and expressed as mean, median, and SD. Of 184 patients, most were men, white, 50–69 years old, smokers, and alcoholics. The longest interval was between the first symptoms and first evaluation (a mean of 275 days). The interval between the first appointment and the result of the biopsy was shorter (13 days). Among the 85 patients interviewed, the interval between the diagnosis, the first appointment at the oncological clinic and treatment commencement was 55 days (mean) for patients using private-sector health care, and 96 days (mean) for patients using public health care. The interval was twice as long in the public health system compared with the private sector, which highlights the inequality of access to health care in Brazil. Delay in seeking health care after the appearance of the first symptoms remains a major problem.

ABSTRACT Pilomatrixoma is a follicular benign tumor of unknown etiology that originates in the matrix of a hair follicle. It develops more frequently in children and young adults, with a slight predominance in female patients. It is a slow-growing tumor that presents as a mobile nodule, firm, and with well-defined borders. The present study aimed to report the clinical, histopathologic, and radiographic aspects of pilomatrixoma in the cheek area of a 20-year-old female patient as the established treatment at an oral maxillofacial department. Pilomatrixoma is rarely included in the differential diagnosis of masses and nodules in the skin, and it is often confused with other nodular lesions, such as epidermoid cysts. The diagnostic method to identify this entity is an incisional biopsy. Because of its high incidence in the head and neck region, oral surgeons should be well-acquainted with this type of tumor so that it can be included as a diagnostic hypothesis of masses and nodules of the head and neck.

ABSTRACT Oral problems are common in patients diagnosed with Eating Disorders (ED) and still require better elucidation. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of oral Candida spp in individuals with ED. The sample of the study was comprised of 30 women with purgative habits and 15 without purgative habits. Samples of the oral cavity were collected by sterile cotton swab rubbed on soft tissues and teeth. Yeasts were isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Yeasts were isolated from the oral cavity of 53% of the patients yielding 75 yeast isolates; of these, 43 were identified by conventional mycological methods: C. parapsilosis (n=19), C. glabrata (n=16), Rhodotorula sp (n= 6), C. famata (n=2). The remaining 32 isolates were presumptively identified as C. albicans or C. dubliniensis and required mass spectrometry for the final differentiation: 28 isolates were confirmed as C. albicans and four as C. dubliniensis. Among the control group, only four subjects (26.7%) were found to harbor C. albicans. The four C. dubliniensis isolates were from two patients, one that was only colonized and the other, with severe ED, was diagnosed with an oral candidiasis as demonstrated by the presence of pseudohyphae on the direct mycological exam from different sites. The increased rate of isolation of non-albicans species, such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis in the oral cavity from ED patients with nutritional deficiency may suggest that purgative habits of these patients can lead to changes in normal flora and predispose to oral candidiasis.

Abstract: Proteomic techniques have become popular in medicine and dentistry because of their widespread use in analyzing bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, urine, and gingival crevicular fluids as well as hard tissues such as enamel, dentine, and cementum. This review is a guide to proteomic techniques in general dentistry, summarizing techniques and their clinical application in understanding and diagnosing diseases and their use in identifying biomarkers of various diseases.

Abstract The study was carried out in a Brazilian population and the aim was to describe the prevalence and the clinic-radiographical features of jaw lesions. In addition, a comparison between the main diagnosis hypothesis and final diagnosis was accessed. A prospective study which evaluated all patients with jaw lesions diagnosed in an Oral Diagnosis Center, between August 2013 and October 2014. A total of 450 patients were observed for the first time, and 130 had some type of jaw lesion. The mean age of the patients was 35.2 years ± 17.86. Among these, 71 were women (54.62%) and 87 were Caucasian (66.92%). The mandible was affected more frequently (71.43%) than the maxilla (28.57%). Swelling and pain were the most frequent clinical signs and symptoms and were observed in 60 (42.85%) and 38 (27.14%) cases, respectively. The panoramic x-ray was the main radiographic exam utilized (88.57%). Radiolucent lesions accounted for 89 cases (63.57%) and the unilocular form was present in 114 cases (81.43%). A total of 93 cases had histopathological analyses and the periapical cyst was the most frequent lesion. In the other 47 lesions, the diagnosis was conducted by clinical and radiographic management. Bone lesions were frequent, being noted on first visit in approximately 30% of patients; in 1/3 of the cases, the diagnoses were completed with a combination of clinical and radiographic exams.

The present study aimed to evaluate the Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in different staining techniques in nodular lesions of the oral cavity and head and neck region, as their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, staining with Panoptic, Papanicolaou and Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) stains. 46 patients who sought the Clinic of the Discipline of Clinical Stomatology at FOUSP were selected consecutively, with nodular lesions in the oral cavity and head and neck region. The material obtained by FNAB was sent on 6 different slides, stained by the method of Panoptic, Papanicolaou and H&E, to the same pathologist only with the clinical diagnosis. After the final report of FNAB, the biopsy report was issued, serving as gold standard. After the calculations, the results of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Panoptic staining were 28.6%, 76% and 15.4%, respectively. The result of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Papanicolaou staining were 71.4%, 76.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The result of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for H&E staining were 82.1%, 23.3%, 28.6%, respectively. We can conclude, according to the methodology of this study that, H&E and Papanicolaou stains showed the same sensitivity of diagnosing malignant neoplasms. H&E stain showed a better specificity for diagnosing benign neoplasms, compared with Papanicolaou and Panoptic stains. H&E stain showed better accuracy, to give definitive diagnosis, followed by Papanicolaou and Panoptic stains.

Fundamento: Stents recobertos com polímeros bioabsorvíveis e fármacos apenas na face abluminal podem ser mais seguros que stents farmacológicos com polímeros permanentes. Objetivo: Relatar os resultados experimentais com o stent Inspiron(r), um stent recoberto com polímero bioabsorvível e com liberação de sirolimus apenas da face abluminal, recentemente aprovado para uso clínico. Métodos: Foram implantados 45 stents nas artérias coronárias de 15 porcos e, no 28° dia pós-implante, foram obtidos os resultados angiográficos, de ultrassonografia intracoronária e de histomorfologia. Cinco grupos foram avaliados: Grupo I (nove stents sem recobrimento); Grupo II (nove stents com polímero bioabsorvível nas faces luminal e abluminal); Grupo III (oito stents com polímero bioabsorvível na face abluminal); Grupo IV (nove stents com polímero bioabsorvível e sirolimus nas faces luminal e abluminal); e Grupo V (dez stents com polímero bioabsorvível e sirolimus na face abluminal exclusivamente). Resultados: Observamos, para os Grupos I, II, III, IV e V respectivamente: porcentual de estenose de 29 ± 20; 36 ± 14; 33 ± 19; 22 ± 13 e 26 ± 15 (p = 0,443); perda luminal tardia (em mm) de 1,02 ± 0,60; 1,24 ± 0,48; 1,11 ± 0,54; 0,72 ± 0,44 e 0,78 ± 0,39 (p = 0,253); área neointimal (em mm2) de 2,60 ± 1,99; 2,74 ± 1,51; 2,74 ± 1,30; 1,30 ± 1,14 e 0,97 ± 0,84 (p = 0,001; Grupos IV e V versus Grupos I, II e III) e porcentual de área neointimal de 35 ± 25; 38 ± 18; 39 ± 19; 19 ± 18 e 15 ± 12 (p = 0,001; Grupo IV e V versus Grupo I, II e III). Os escores de injúria e inflamação foram baixos e sem diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão: O stent Inspiron(r) foi seguro e inibiu significativamente a hiperplasia neointimal observada no 28° dia pós-implante em artérias coronárias porcinas.

Background: Bioabsorbable polymer stents with drug elution only on the abluminal surface may be safer than durable polymer drug-eluting stents. Objective: To report the experimental findings with the Inspiron(tm) stent - a bioabsorbable polymer-coated stent with sirolimus release from the abluminal surface only, recently approved for clinical use. Methods: 45 stents were implanted in the coronary arteries of 15 pigs. On day 28 after implantation, angiographic, intracoronary ultrasonographic and histomorphological data were collected. Five groups were analyzed: Group I (nine bare-metal stents); Group II (nine coated with bioabsorbable polymer on the luminal and abluminal surfaces); Group III (eight stents coated with bioabsorbable polymer on the abluminal surface); Group IV (nine stents with bioabsorbable polymer and sirolimus on the luminal and abluminal surfaces); and Group V (ten stents with bioabsorbable polymer and sirolimus only on the abluminal surface). Results: The following results were observed for Groups I, II, III, IV and V, respectively: percentage stenosis of 29 ± 20; 36 ± 14; 33 ± 19; 22 ± 13 and 26 ± 15 (p = 0.443); late lumen loss (in mm) of 1.02 ± 0.60; 1.24 ± 0.48; 1.11 ± 0.54; 0.72 ± 0.44 and 0.78 ± 0.39 (p = 0.253); neointimal area (in mm2 )) of 2.60 ± 1.99; 2.74 ± 1.51; 2.74 ± 1.30; 1.30 ± 1.14 and 0.97 ± 0.84 (p = 0.001; Groups IV and V versus Groups I, II and III); and percentage neointimal area of 35 ± 25; 38 ± 18; 39 ± 19; 19 ± 18 and 15 ± 12 (p = 0.001; Groups IV and V versus Groups I, II and III). Injury and inflammation scores were low and with no differences between the groups. Conclusion: The Inspiron(tm) stent proved to be safe and was able to significantly inhibit the neointimal hyperplasia observed on day 28 after implantation in porcine coronary arteries.

Introdução: A utilização da via radial para a realização de cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico e intervenção coronária percutânea varia entre os diversos centros de hemodinâmica. Descrevemos as tendências do uso dessa via de acesso ao longo dos últimos 14 anos num serviço terciário. Métodos: Foram identificados procedimentos coronarianos consecutivos realizados de 1999 a 2013, em um único centro, em pacientes com idade ≥ 35 anos. Dados como idade, sexo, fonte provedora de recursos (Sistema de Saúde Público ou Saúde Suplementar/Privado) e complexidade do procedimento (diagnóstico ou terapêutico) foram retrospectivamente analisados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 103.253 procedimentos, dos quais o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foi o provedor de recursos em 77% dos casos. A média de idades dos pacientes foi 62,2 ± 11,3 e 58,8% eram do sexo masculino. A via radial foi utilizada em 6.402 (6,2%) dos procedimentos, apresentando ascensão significativa ao longo do tempo, mais evidente quando analisada comparativamente nos seis períodos de experiência do serviço: 0,2%, 0,6%, 3,1%, 2,1%, 6,9% e 24,4%, respectivamente (p < 0,01). Porcentuais ainda maiores do uso da via radial foram encontrados, restringindo-se aos procedimentos realizados pelo SUS e quando apenas os cateterismos cardíacos diagnósticos foram contabilizados. Houve também mudança no perfil da via de acesso, ainda que de menor monta, no setor de Saúde Suplementar/Privado. Conclusões: Demonstramos a progressiva modificação do perfil de utilização das vias de acesso para a realização de cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico e intervenção coronária percutânea de um centro de grande porte ao longo do tempo. Esses dados são condizentes com a tendência mundial e de significativa robustez, principalmente quando analisado o último sextil.

Background: The use of the radial approach for diagnostic cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary interventions varies among different interventional cardiology centers in the world. We describe the trends in the use of this approach over the past 14 years at a tertiary hospital. Methods: Consecutive coronary procedures performed from 1999 to 2013 at a single center, in patients aged ≥ 35 years were identified. Age, gender, resource provider (Public or Private Healthcare System) and the complexity of the procedure (diagnostic or therapeutic) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 103,253 procedures were included. The Brazilian Public Healthcare Service (SUS - Sistema Único de Saúde) was the resource provider in 77% of the cases. Mean age of patients was 62.2 ± 11.3 years and 58% were male. The radial approach was used in 6,402 (6.2%) procedures, showing a significant rise over time, which was more evident when analyzed comparatively for the six timepoints of service experience: 0.2%; 0.6%; 3.1%; 2.1%; 6.9%, and 24.4% respectively (p < 0.01). Even larger percentages of radial approach were observed when only the procedures performed by the SUS and diagnostic cardiac catheterizations were taken into account. There were also changes in the profile of vascular access, even though smaller, in the Private Healthcare System. Conclusions: We demonstrated progressive changes in the profile of the use of access routes for diagnostic cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary interventions at a large center over time. These data are consistent with the global trend and are significantly robust, especially when the last sextile is analyzed.

INTRODUÇÃO: A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) é uma complicação possível após intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência e o impacto prognóstico da IRA pós-ICP em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IMCSST). MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, que analisou a evolução hospitalar de 501 pacientes admitidos com IMCSST submetidos à ICP primária, de resgate ou tardia. Foram avaliados a incidência e os preditores de IRA pós-ICP. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi 60,7 ± 12,6 anos e 67% eram do gênero masculino. A população apresentava características de alto risco cardiovascular, sendo 30% diabéticos e 7,4% com doença renal crônica (DRC) preexistente. A artéria descendente anterior foi a principal artéria culpada (49,4%) e 15% dos pacientes se apresentaram em Killip III ou IV. A IRA ocorreu em 24,7% dos pacientes, que, quando comparados àqueles sem IRA, eram significativamente mais idosos, diabéticos, com DRC e insuficiência cardíaca, além de apresentarem maior elevação enzimática e menor fração de ejeção. A mortalidade hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes que desenvolveram IRA (29% vs. 4,8%; P < 0,01). Os preditores independentes de IRA foram idade > 76 anos, DRC prévia, Killip III ou IV, necessidade de cirurgia vascular ou transfusão sanguínea. CONCLUSÕES: A disfunção renal aguda após ICP no IMCSST foi uma complicação frequente e associada com aumento da mortalidade hospitalar.

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a possible complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and prognostic impact of ARF after PCI in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Single-center registry evaluating in-hospital outcomes of 501 patients admitted with STEMI undergoing primary, rescue or late PCI. The incidence and predictors of ARF after PCI were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age was 60.7 ± 12.6 years and 67% were male. The population had high cardiovascular risk characteristics, with 30% of diabetics and 7.4% with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD). The left anterior descending artery was the culprit vessel in 49.4% of the cases and 15% of patients had Killip class III or IV. ARF was observed in 24.7% of patients, who were significantly older, had more diabetes, history of CKD or heart failure, had higher enzyme elevation and lower ejection fraction when compared to those without ARF. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients who developed ARF (29% vs. 4.8%; P < 0.01). Independent predictors of ARF were age > 76 years, previous CKD, Killip class III or IV, need of vascular surgery or blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Acute renal failure after PCI in STEMI was a frequent complication and was associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

INTRODUÇÃO: O choque cardiogênico é a maior causa de morte em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento de ST (IAMCSST). O presente estudo avaliou pacientes com IAMCSST e choque cardiogênico submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea primária com o objetivo de estabelecer seu perfil e os preditores de mortalidade hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Registro unicêntrico, incluindo 100 pacientes avaliados no período de 2001 a 2009 quanto a características clínicas, angiográficas e do procedimento, e a desfechos intra-hospitalares. Por análise multivariada foram determinados preditores independentes da mortalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: Com relação às características clínicas, foi observada alta prevalência de fatores de risco, sendo a taxa de sucesso angiográfico de 92%, apesar da complexidade das lesões (83,1% do tipo B2/C). A artéria mais acometida foi a descendente anterior (45%), tendo o padrão multiarterial ocorrido em 73% dos casos. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 45%, sendo seus preditores independentes o padrão multiarterial [odds ratio (OR) 2,62; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,16-5,90] e o fluxo coronário TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento (OR 2,11, IC 95% 1,48-3,02). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com IAMCSST complicado por choque cardiogênico apresentaram características clínicas e angiográficas de alto risco e, apesar do alto sucesso angiográfico do procedimento, altas taxas de mortalidade. Foram preditores independentes de mortalidade o padrão multiarterial e fluxo TIMI < 3 ao final do procedimento.

BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock is the leading cause of death in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The present study evaluated patients with STEMI and cardiogenic shock undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention in order to establish their profile and predictors of in-hospital mortality. METHODS: Single center registry, including 100 patients evaluated from 2001 to 2009 for clinical, angiographic and procedure-related characteristics and in-hospital outcomes. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were determined by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We observed a high prevalence of risk factors, angiographic success rate was 92%, despite the lesion complexity (83.1% were type B2/C). The left anterior descending artery was the most affected artery (45%) and 73% of the patients had multivessel disease. Mortality rate was 45%, and its independent predictors were multivessel disease [odds ratio (OR) 2.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.16-5.90) and TIMI flow < 3 at the end of the procedure (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.48-3.02). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with STEMI complicated by cardiogenic shock presented high-risk clinical and angiographic characteristics and despite the high angiographic success rate of the procedure, mortality rates were high. The presence of multivessel disease and TIMI flow < 3 at the end of the procedure were independent predictors of mortality.

O avanço verificado no enfrentamento de neoplasias malignas por meio dos sistemas de saúde envolve melhorias nas áreas de vigilância, organização de redes de assistência, programas específicos voltados às prevenções primária e secundária e, obviamente, aos avanços técnico-científicos que caracterizam a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica. Embora seja notável o reconhecimento de avanços no manejo de neoplasias malignas em todas as áreas citadas, o câncer da boca permanece com indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade que parecem não acompanhar o acúmulo científico no conhecimento da doença. O presente manuscrito objetiva discutir os motivos desse descompasso, a necessidade de reorientação de prioridades na abordagem do câncer da boca e sua efetivação como política pública de saúde.

Progress in cancer management by health systems involves improvements in surveillance, organization of healthcare services, specific programs focused on primary and secondary prevention, and scientific and technical advances in diagnosis and treatment. Despite well-known progress in the management of malignant neoplasms in all the above areas, oral cancer displays persistently high morbidity and mortality rates, apparently failing to reflect the accumulated scientific knowledge on the disease. The current article discusses the reasons for this mismatch, the need for redefining priorities in oral cancer management, and the implementation of such priorities as a public health policy.

O avanço verificado no enfrentamento de neoplasias malignas por meio dos sistemas de saúde envolve melhorias nas áreas de vigilância, organização de redes de assistência, programas específicos voltados às prevenções primária e secundária e, obviamente, aos avanços técnico-científicos que caracterizam a abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica. Embora seja notável o reconhecimento de avanços no manejo de neoplasias malignas em todas as áreas citadas, o câncer da boca permanece com indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade que parecem não acompanhar o acúmulo científico no conhecimento da doença. O presente manuscrito objetiva discutir os motivos desse descompasso, a necessidade de reorientação de prioridades na abordagem do câncer da boca e sua efetivação como política pública de saúde.

Progress in cancer management by health systems involves improvements in surveillance, organization of healthcare services, specific programs focused on primary and secondary prevention, and scientific and technical advances in diagnosis and treatment. Despite well-known progress in the management of malignant neoplasms in all the above areas, oral cancer displays persistently high morbidity and mortality rates, apparently failing to reflect the accumulated scientific knowledge on the disease. The current article discusses the reasons for this mismatch, the need for redefining priorities in oral cancer management, and the implementation of such priorities as a public health policy.