ABSTRACT Objective: Intravenous non-volatile anaesthetics like propofol are commonly used in cardiac surgeries across several countries. Volatile anaesthetics like isoflurane may help in protecting the myocardium and minimize ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Hence, we did this review to compare the cardioprotective effect of isoflurane and propofol among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We conducted a search in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE), Embase, PubMed Central®, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 2021. We carried out a meta-analysis with random-effects model and reported pooled risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) depending on the type of outcome. Results: We analysed 13 studies including 808 participants. Almost all were low-quality studies. For cardiac index, the pooled SMD was 0.14 (95% CI: -0.22 to 0.50); for cardiac troponin I, pooled SMD was 0.10 (95% CI: -0.28 to 0.48). For mortality, the RR was 3.00 (95% CI: 0.32 to 28.43); for MI, pooled RR was 1.58 (95% CI: 0.59 to 4.20); and for inotropic drug use, pooled RR was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.21). For length of intensive care unit stay, the pooled SMD was 0.13 (95% CI: -0.29 to 0.55), while pooled SMD for mechanical ventilation time was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.51). Conclusion: Isoflurane did not have significant cardioprotective effect compared to propofol following CABG. Hence, the anaesthetists need to check some viable alternatives to manage these patients and reduce the rate of postoperative complications. Objective nonvolatile non volatile countries ischaemiareperfusion ischaemia reperfusion injury Hence CABG . (CABG) Methods MEDLINE, MEDLINE , MEDLINE) Embase Central Central® ScienceDirect Scholar 2021 metaanalysis meta analysis randomeffects random effects (RR (SMD 95 CI (CI outcome Results 1 80 participants lowquality low quality index 014 0 14 0.1 (95 0.22 022 22 -0.2 0.50 050 50 0.50) I 010 10 0.28 028 28 0.48. 048 0.48 48 0.48) mortality 300 3 00 3.0 032 32 0.3 28.43 2843 43 28.43) MI 158 58 1.5 059 59 0.5 4.20 420 4 20 4.20) use 104 04 1.0 090 90 0.9 1.21. 121 1.21 21 1.21) stay 013 0.29 029 29 0.55, 055 0.55 55 0.55) 0.02 002 02 -0.0 0.54 054 54 -0.5 0.51. 051 0.51 51 0.51) Conclusion complications (CABG 202 9 8 01 0. (9 0.2 2 -0. 05 5 0.4 30 3. 03 28.4 284 15 1. 4.2 42 09 12 1.2 0.0 ( -0 28. 4. -

This study aimed to analyze the safety and applicability of a 90-min duration of infusion (SDI) of obinutuzumab in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in a tertiary hospital in China. This exploratory clinical trial was performed at Jiangsu Province Hospital. All patients were treated with the standard infusion regimen for the first infusion. If no grade ≥3 infusion-related reactions (IRRs) occurred, the subsequent infusions were given as SDI. The primary endpoint was the incidence of IRR during the standard infusion (3-4 h) and 90-min SDI regimens. This study enrolled 208 patients and all completed cycle 1. Forty-one patients (19.71%) had IRRs: five (2.40%) with grade 1, twenty-eight (13.46%) with grade 2, and eight (3.85%) with grade 3. The 41 patients had 71 IRRs, mainly fever (40.85%), chest pain/tightness (12.68%), and dyspnea (9.86%). The occurrence of IRRs in the first infusion was significantly lower in patients who received oral acetaminophen prophylaxis than those who did not (10.72% vs 30.21%, P<0.001). For the subsequent cycles with 90-min SDI, only two (0.25%) IRRs occurred among 814 infusions (one grade 1 hand numbness and one grade 2 chill/fever). The 90-min obinutuzumab SDI might be safe and feasible in patients with B-cell NHL in China. 90min min 90 (SDI Bcell B cell nonHodgkins non Hodgkin s (NHL China Hospital 3 ≥ infusionrelated related (IRRs 34 4 (3- h regimens 20 Fortyone Forty 19.71% 1971 19 (19.71% 2.40% 240 40 (2.40% twentyeight twenty 13.46% 1346 13 46 (13.46% 3.85% 385 85 (3.85% 7 40.85%, 4085 40.85% , (40.85%) paintightness pain tightness 12.68%, 1268 12.68% 12 68 (12.68%) 9.86%. 986 9.86% . 9 86 (9.86%) 10.72% 1072 10 72 (10.72 3021 30 21 30.21% P<0.001. P0001 P P<0.001 0 001 P<0.001) 0.25% 025 25 (0.25% 81 chill/fever. chillfever chill/fever chill chill/fever) (3 19.71 197 (19.71 2.40 24 (2.40 13.46 134 (13.46 3.85 38 8 (3.85 408 40.85 (40.85% 126 12.68 6 (12.68% 98 9.86 (9.86% 10.72 107 (10.7 302 30.21 P000 P<0.00 00 0.25 02 (0.25 ( 19.7 (19.7 2.4 (2.4 13.4 (13.4 3.8 (3.8 40.8 (40.85 12.6 (12.68 9.8 (9.86 10.7 (10. 30.2 P00 P<0.0 0.2 (0.2 19. (19. 2. (2. 13. (13. (3. 40. (40.8 12. (12.6 9. (9.8 10. (10 30. P0 P<0. 0. (0. (19 (2 (13 (40. (12. (9. (1 P<0 (0 (40 (12 (9 P< (4

Abstract We aimed to compare the effects of oxycodone hydrochloride and dezocine on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients receiving gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 246 patients were divided into group A and B (n=123). Hemorheology indices were recorded 5 min after anesthesia (T0), 1 min after pneumoperitoneum (T1), when position was changed 5 min after pneumoperitoneum (T2), 15 min after pneumoperitoneum (T3), 1 min (T4) and 5 min (T5) after position was restored. Visual analogue scale scores 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after operation were recorded. Postoperative adverse reactions and visceral pain were observed. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12 h after operation. Compared with group A, group B had higher heart rate and mean arterial pressure at T2, lower central venous pressure and cardiac output at T1-T3, and higher systemic vascular resistance at T1-T5 (P<0.05). The incidence rate of pain syndrome in group A was lower (P<0.05). Group A had lower tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression levels and higher interleukin-10 level than those of group B (P<0.05). For gynecological laparoscopic surgery, oxycodone preemptive analgesia has superior outcomes to those of dezocine. n=123. n123 n n=123 . 123 (n=123) T0, T0 T , (T0) T1, T1 (T1) T2 (T2) T3, T3 (T3) T4 (T4 T5 (T5 restored 2 6 4 observed enzymelinked enzyme linked T1T3, T1T3 TT T1-T3 T1T5 T1-T P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) factoralpha factor alpha interleukin6 interleukin interleukin- interleukin10 10 interleukin-1 n12 n=12 (n=123 (T0 (T1 (T2 (T3 (T T1T P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 interleukin1 n1 n=1 (n=12 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 n= (n=1 P<0 (P<0. (n= P< (P<0 (n (P< (P

Abstract In order to improve separating aromatic/aliphatic group in adhesives or solvents of food packaging materials by pervaporation, an across linked graphene oxide (GO) framework were incorporated into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) membrane. The improved benzene solubility and expanded interlayer pathway of modified membrane have been gained based on three different reduced graphene oxide. Compared to P-phenylenediamine (PPD) and ethane-diamine (EDA) reducing agents, O-phenylenediamine (OPD) showed a relatively mild reducing ability and allowed GO to form a layer-to-layer lamella in the WPU matrix easily. When the dose of GO-OPD was 0.03%, the flux of GO-OPD/WPU membrane was 1.58 times of neat WPU or GO/WPU membranes, while the separation factor was slightly improved. The GO-OPD /WPU membrane also maintained good stability in the continuous pervaporation process of 2700 min. aromaticaliphatic aromatic aliphatic (GO (WPU Pphenylenediamine P phenylenediamine PPD (PPD ethanediamine ethane diamine EDA (EDA agents Ophenylenediamine O OPD (OPD layertolayer layer easily GOOPD 003 0 03 0.03% GOOPD/WPU GOOPDWPU OPD/WPU 158 1 58 1.5 GOWPU membranes 270 min 00 0.03 OPDWPU 15 5 1. 27 0.0 2 0.

RESUMEN La contaminación por neblina, caracterizada principalmente por la baja visibilidad, es uno de los principales problemas ambientales a los que se enfrenta China en la actualidad. El pronóstico exacto de la neblina es útil para la aplicación de medidas preventivas orientadas a controlar emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos y aliviar la contaminación por neblina. Sin embargo, no es fácil predecir con precisión los acontecimientos de baja visibilidad causados por neblina, lo cual requiere no sólo un pronóstico riguroso de los factores meteorológicos, sino también una actualización detallada y en tiempo real de los inventarios de emisiones de las fuentes. Con el fin de obtener una herramienta de predicción fiable, se estudian varios métodos populares de aprendizaje automático, como la máquina vectorial de apoyo (SVM, por su sigla en inglés), el k-vecino más próximo, el bosque aleatorio y varios métodos de aprendizaje profundo. A partir de los principales factores que influyen en la visibilidad, se analizan las relaciones entre velocidad y dirección del viento, temperatura, humedad y visibilidad. El método de aprendizaje automático se utiliza para entrenamiento y pronóstico. La precisión de estos métodos para pronosticar la visibilidad se verifica mediante varios parámetros (error de raíz cuadrada media, error absoluto medio y error porcentual absoluto medio). Los resultados muestran que: 1) entre todos los parámetros meteorológicos, la velocidad del viento puede reflejar mejor la variación de la visibilidad; 2) el rendimiento de las redes neuronales recurrentes de memoria a largo-corto plazo (LSTM RNN) y el método de unidades recurrentes cerradas (GRU) en la predicción de visibilidad a corto plazo (es decir, 1, 3 y 6 h) es casi igual; 3) el método clásico de aprendizaje automático (SVM) funciona bien para el pronóstico de visibilidad a medio y largo plazo, y 4) el método de aprendizaje automático también tiene cierto grado de precisión en el pronóstico, incluso en un periodo de tiempo más largo (p. ej., 72 h).

ABSTRACT Haze pollution, mainly characterized by low visibility, is one of the main environmental problems currently faced by China. Accurate haze forecasts facilitate the implementation of preventive measures to control the emission of air pollutants and thereby mitigate haze pollution. However, it is not easy to accurately predict low visibility events induced by haze, which requires not only accurate prediction for weather elements, but also refined and real-time updated source emission inventory. In order to obtain reliable forecasting tools, this paper studies the usability of several popular machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor, and random forest, as well as several deep learning methods, on visibility forecasting. Starting from the main factors related to visibility, the relationships between wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, and visibility are discussed. Training and forecasting were performed using the machine learning methods. The accuracy of these methods in visibility forecasting was confirmed through several parameters (i.e., root-mean-square error, mean absolute error, and mean absolute percentage error). The results show that: (1) among all meteorological parameters, wind speed was the best at reflecting the visibility change patterns; (2) long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM RNN), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) methods perform almost equally well on short-term visibility forecasts (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 h); (3) a classical machine learning method (i.e., the SVM) performs well in mid- and long-term visibility forecasts; (4) machine learning methods also have a certain degree of forecast accuracy even for long time periods (e.g., 7 2h).

Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is widely used, and its most common side effect is bradycardia. The complete mechanism through which Dex induces bradycardia has not been elucidated. This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Methods Eighty rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Saline was administered to rats in Group C. In the other four groups, the rats were administered Dex to induce bradycardia. In groups D1and D2, the rats were administered Dex at a loading dose of 30 μg.kg−1 and 100 μg.kg−1 for 10 min, then at 15 μg.kg−1.h−1 and 50 μg.kg−1.h−1 for 120 min separately. The rats in group D1A and D2A were administered Dex in the same way as in group D1and D2; however, immediately after the administration of the loading dose, 0.5 mg atropine was administered intravenously, and then at 0.5 mg.kg−1.h−1 for 120 min. The sinoatrial node was acquired after intravenous infusion was completed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to measure mRNA and protein expression of Cx30.2 and Cx40, respectively. Results The expression of Cx30.2 increased, whereas the expression of Cx40 decreased within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Atropine reversed the effects of Dex on the expression of gap junction proteins. Conclusion Dex possibly altered the expression of gap junction proteins to slow down cardiac conduction velocity in the sinoatrial node.

Abstract Yak is the livestock on which people live in plateau areas, but its fecundity is low. Follicular development plays a decisive role in yak reproductive performance. As an important regulatory factor, the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in yak follicular development and its regulatory mechanism remains unclear. To explore the differentially expressed lncRNAs between healthy and atretic follicular in yaks. We used RNA-seq to construct lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles in yak atretic and healthy follicles, and the RNA sequence results were identified by qPCR. In addition, the correlation of lncRNA and targeted mRNA was also analyzed by Starbase software. Moreover, lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks were constructed by Cytoscape software, and the network was verified by dual-luciferase analysis. A total of 682 novel lncRNAs, 259 bta-miRNAs, and 1704 mRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between healthy and atretic follicles. Among them, 135 mRNAs were positively correlated with lncRNA expression and 97 were negatively correlated, which may be involved in the yak follicular development. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed lncRNA host genes by Kyoto Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) showed that host genes were mainly involved in hormone secretion, granulosa cell apoptosis, and follicular development. In conclusion, we identified a series of novel lncRNAs, constructed the lncRNA ceRNA regulatory network, and provided comprehensive resources for exploring the role of lncRNAs in yak ovarian follicular development.

Abstract In this study, we aimed to compare clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal cancer in the Huaihe River Basin in China. A total of 92 patients with colorectal cancer were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into control group (open surgery, n = 27 cases) and test group (laparoscopic surgery, n = 28 cases). Our results showed that the duration of operation (122.54 ± 14.85) min and length of incision (4.51 ± 1.065) cm were shorter in the experimental group than those in the control group. The intraoperative blood loss of the experimental group was (161.12 ± 10.694) ml, which was less than that of the control group (218.53 ± 15.369) ml (P < 0.05). Patients in the experimental group have higher Five-year survival rate and lower incidence of postoperative complications than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, in the treatment of colorectal cancer, laparoscopic surgery has a better clinical effect than open surgery, which is worthy of clinical application.

Abstract We studied the correlation between the soil microbial status and the crop yield or medicinal properties of Angelica s.. Soil from different counties of China were collected and used in this study. Readfq, SOAP denovo, MetaGeneMark, and DIAMOND Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) software were used in the analysis. A total of 131,345 genes of high quality were obtained, with the number of genes in all samples ranging from 483-42,545 and the average length ranging from 354.88-523.47. The acidobacteria in the non-sterilized group were significantly increased by comparing with the sterilized group, while actinobacteria in the non-sterilized group were significantly reduced by comparing with the sterilized group. There was a strong correlation between the two groups of the planting group and the two groups of the non-planting group, while the correlation between the planting and non-planting group was very weak. There were significant differences in the soil microbial community structure between Min county and Yunnan, as well as significant differences between the dominant genera of Min county and Yunnan. In summary, our study showed that the soil microbial flora in different areas affected the characteristics of Angelica s. roots, while sterilized soil was not conducive to the growth of Angelica s.

Resumo Introdução: Atualmente, o uso de várias concentrações diferentes de solução salina é recomendado na irrigação nasal. Um número crescente de estudos mostra que a irrigação nasal com solução salina hipertônica é mais eficaz do que a solução salina tradicional no tratamento de rinossinusite, mas existem poucas análises sistemáticas do efeito da irrigação nasal com solução salina hipertônica em rinossinusite crônica. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da solução salina hipertônica com a solução salina isotônica no tratamento da rinossinusite, para fornecer uma referência clínica de irrigação nasal no tratamento da rinossinusite crônica. Método: Foram pesquisados os bancos de dados Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Chinese biomedical journal database, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang database e outros, e a pesquisa foi complementada por pesquisas manuais de referências relevantes ao tratamento da rinossinusite por irrigação nasal com solução salina. A data da última recuperação de dados foi março de 2018. Os estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto à qualidade e os dados foram extraídos para a metanálise com o software RevMan 5.3. Resultados: Sete estudos foram incluídos. Os efeitos favoráveis à solução salina hipertônica nos sintomas nasais foram maiores em quatro subgrupos. Esses foram (1) pacientes com secreção nasal (DMP = 1,52; IC95%: 1,04, 2,00; p ˂ 0,01); (2) pacientes com congestão (DMP = 1,52; IC95%: 1,04, 2,00; p ˂ 0,01); (3) Pacientes com dor de cabeça (DMP = 0,82; IC95%: 0,38, 1,26; p ˂ 0,01); (4) Pacientes com alívio sintomático geral (DMP = 1,63; IC95%: 0,83, 2,44; p ˂ 0,01). Entretanto, não houve diferença na melhoria do olfato (DMP = 0,47; IC95%: -0,65, 1,59; p = 0,41) e na melhoria dos escores radiológicos (DMP = 2,44; IC95%: -3,14, 8,02; p < 0,01). Além disso, o grupo solução salina hipertônica mostrou maior melhoria nos escores do tempo de clearence mucociliar do que o grupo solução salina isotônica (DMP = 1,19; IC95%: 0,78, 1,60; p ˂ 0,01). A solução salina hipertônica causou efeitos adversos menores. Conclusão: Em comparação com a solução salina isotônica, a irrigação nasal com solução salina hipertônica para o tratamento da rinossinusite crônica é significantemente mais eficaz e apresenta efeitos colaterais mais leves, melhoria mais acentuada dos sintomas nasais e no movimento ciliar, mas não há diferença significante nos achados de imagem e na melhoria do olfato. Embora a solução salina hipertônica seja digna de uso generalizado na prática clínica, ainda são necessários mais estudos sobre a forma de uso e a concentração ideal da solução nasal.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, several different concentrations of saline are recommended for use in nasal irrigation. Increasing studies show that nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline is more effective than traditional saline in the treatment of rhinosinusitis, but there have been few systematic analyses of the effect of nasal irrigation with hypertonic saline on chronic rhinosinusitis. Objective: We sought to compare the effects of hypertonic saline and isotonic saline in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in order to provide a reference for clinical nasal irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis treatment. Methods: Medline, cochrane library, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese biomedical journal database, China national knowledge infrastructure, Wanfang database, and other databases were searched, and the searching was supplemented by manual searches for relevant references to treatment of rhinosinusitis by saline nasal irrigation. The last retrieval date was March 2018. The included studies were evaluated for quality, and data were extracted for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3. Results: Seven studies were included. Effects favoring hypertonic saline on nasal symptoms were greater in 4 subgroups. These were (1) patients with nasal secretion (SMD = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.00; p < 0.01), (2) patients with congestion (SMD = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.00; p < 0.01), (3) patients with headache (SMD = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.26; p < 0.01), (4) patients with overall symptomatic relief (SMD = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.83, 2.44; p < 0.01). However, no difference was shown in smell improvement (SMD = 0.47; 95% CI: −0.65, 1.59; p = 0.41) and radiologic scores improvement (SMD = 2.44; 95% CI: -3.14, 8.02; p < 0.01). Besides, hypertonic saline showed greater improvement in mucociliary clearance time scores than did the isotonic saline group (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.60; p < 0.01). Hypertonic saline brought greater minor adverse effects. Conclusion: Compared with isotonic saline, hypertonic saline nasal irrigation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis is significantly more effective and has mild side effects in improving nasal symptoms and ciliary movement, but there is no significant difference in imaging findings and smell improvement. Although hypertonic saline is worthy of widespread use in clinical practice, it is still necessary to further study the exact manner and concentration of nasal irrigation.

Abstract Cervical cancer is a common and fatal malignancy of the female reproductive system. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causal agent for cervical cancer, but HPV infection alone is insufficient to cause the disease. Actually, most HPV infections are sub-clinical and cleared spontaneously by the host immune system; very few persist and eventually develop into cervical cancer. Therefore, other host or environmental alterations could also contribute to the malignant phenotype. One of the candidate co-factors is the β-catenin protein, a pivotal component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. β-Catenin mainly implicates two major cellular activities: cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. Recent studies have indicated that an imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of β-catenin leads to various cancers, such as cervical cancer. In this review, we will systematically summarize the role of β-catenin in cervical cancer and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies.

Resumo Introdução: Ainda não há um método universal estabelecido para diferenciar entre a leucoplasia benigna e maligna ou identificar as leucoplasias das pregas vocais. Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade de uma classificação morfológica e a correlação entre os tipos morfológicos e os graus histopatológicos das leucoplasias de pregas vocais. Método: Os registros de 375 pacientes com leucoplasia da prega vocal assistidos entre 2009 e 2015 foram revisados retrospectivamente. Dois observadores dividiram a leucoplasia da prega vocal entre tipo plano e liso, elevado e liso, e rugoso, com base na aparência morfológica. A confiabilidade interobservador foi avaliada e os resultados de classificação de ambos os observadores foram comparados com os graus histopatológicos finais. As características clínicas entre os grupos de baixo risco e alto risco também foram analisadas. Resultados: A porcentagem da concordância interobservador da classificação morfológica foi de 78,7% (κ = 0,615, p < 0,001). Nos resultados de ambos os observadores, os tipos morfológicos correlacionaram-se significativamente com os graus histopatológicos (p1 < 0,001, p2 < 0,001, teste de Kruskal-Wallis; r1 = 0,646, p1 < 0,001, r2 = 0,539, p2 < 0,001, análise de correlação de Spearman). A análise multivariada mostrou que a idade do paciente (p = 0,018), o tamanho da lesão (p < 0,001) e o tipo morfológico (p < 0,001) foram significativamente diferentes entre o grupo de baixo risco e o de alto risco. A análise da curva ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) combinada de parâmetros significativos revelou uma área sob a curva de 0,863 (IC 95%: 0,823 ± 0,903, p < 0,001). Conclusões: A classificação morfológica proposta para leucoplasia de prega vocal foi consistente entre observadores e os tipos morfológicos correlacionaram-se com os graus histopatológicos. A idade do paciente, o tamanho da lesão e o tipo morfológico podem permitir a estratificação de risco e fornecem diretrizes de tratamento para a leucoplasia da prega vocal.

Abstract Introduction: There is still no general method for discriminating between benign and malignant leukoplakia and identifying vocal fold leukoplakia. Objective: To evaluate the reliability of a morphological classification and the correlation between morphological types and pathological grades of vocal fold leukoplakia. Methods: A total of 375 patients with vocal fold leukoplakia between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Two observers divided the vocal fold leukoplakia into flat and smooth, elevated and smooth, and rough type on the basis of morphological appearance. The inter-observer reliability was evaluated and the results of classification from both observers were compared with final pathological grades. Clinical characteristics between low risk and high risk group were also analyzed. Results: The percentage inter-observer agreement of the morphological classification was 78.7% (κ = 0.615, p < 0.001). In the results from both observers, the morphological types were significantly correlated with the pathological grades (p1 < 0.001, p2 < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test; r1 = 0.646, p1 < 0.001, r2 = 0.539, p2 < 0.001, Spearman Correlation Analysis). Multivariate analysis showed patient's age (p = 0.018), the size of lesion (p < 0.001), and morphological type (p < 0.001) were significantly different between low risk group and high risk group. Combined receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of significant parameters revealed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.863 (95% CI 0.823-0.903, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The proposed morphological classification of vocal fold leukoplakia was consistent between observers and morphological types correlated with pathological grades. Patient's age, the size of lesion, and morphological type might enable risk stratification and provide treatment guidelines for vocal fold leukoplakia.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Dexmedetomidina demonstrou efeitos protetores contra a lesão pulmonar in vitro. Neste estudo, investigamos se o pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina protege contra a lesão pulmonar em ratos com choque hemorrágico. Métodos: Ratos machos, Sprague-Dawley, foram aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos (n = 8): grupo controle, grupo com choque hemorrágico, grupo com 5 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina (DEX1) e grupo com 10 µg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina (DEX2). Solução salina ou dexmedetomidina foi administrada durante 20 minutos. Trinta minutos após a injeção, a hemorragia foi iniciada nos grupos choque hemorrágico, DEX1 e DEX2. Quatro horas após a ressuscitação, a proteína e o conteúdo celular no lavado broncoalveolar e a histopatologia pulmonar foram medidos. Malondialdeído, superóxido dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax e caspase-3 também foram testados no tecido pulmonar. Resultados: Na comparação com o grupo choque hemorrágico, o pré-tratamento com 5 ug.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina reduziu a apoptose (2,25 ± 0,24 vs. 4,12 ± 0,42%, p < 0,05), escore histológico (1,06 ± 0,12 vs. 1,68 ± 0,15, p < 0,05) e proteína (1,92 ± 0,38 vs. 3,95 ± 0,42 mg.mL-1, p < 0,05) e leucócitos (0,42 ± 0,11 vs. 0,92 ± 0,13 × 109/L, p < 0,05) no lavado broncoalveolar; o que está correlacionado com o aumento da atividade da superóxido dismutase (8,35 ± 0,68 vs. 4,73 ± 0,44 U.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05) e diminuição do malondialdeído (2,18 ± 0,19 vs. 3,28 ± 0,27 nmoL.mg-1 de proteína, p < 0,05). O pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina também aumentou o nível de Bcl-2 (0,55 ± 0,04 vs. 0,34 ± 0,05, p < 0,05) e diminuiu o nível de Bax (0,46 ± 0,03 vs. 0,68 ± 0,04, p < 0,05), caspase-3 (0,49 ± 0,03 vs. 0,69 ± 0,04, p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença entre os grupos DEX1 e DEX2 para essas proteínas (p > 0,05). Conclusão: O pré-condicionamento com dexmedetomidina tem um efeito protetor contra a lesão pulmonar causada por choque hemorrágico em ratos. Os potenciais mecanismos envolvidos são a inibição da morte celular e a melhora da antioxidação. Porém, não mostrou um efeito dose-dependente.

Abstract Background and objectives: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated protective effects against lung injury in vitro. Here, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against lung injury in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): control group, hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX1) group, and 10 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine (DEX2) group. Saline or dexmedetomidine were administered over 20 min. 30 min after injection, hemorrhage was initiated in the hemorrhagic shock, DEX1 and DEX2 group. Four hours after resuscitation, protein and cellular content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the lung histopathology were measured. The malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were also tested in the lung tissue. Results: Compare with hemorrhagic shock group, 5 ug.kg-1 dexmedetomidine pretreatment reduced the apoptosis (2.25 ± 0.24 vs. 4.12 ± 0.42%, p < 0.05), histological score (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 1.68 ± 0.15, p < 0.05) and protein (1.92 ± 0.38 vs. 3.95 ± 0.42 mg.mL-1, p < 0.05) and WBC (0.42 ± 0.11 vs. 0.92 ± 0.13 × 109/L, p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Which is correlated with increased superoxide dismutase activity (8.35 ± 0.68 vs. 4.73 ± 0.44 U.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (2.18 ± 0.19 vs. 3.28 ± 0.27 nmoL.mg-1 protein, p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05, p < 0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 0.68 ± 0.04, p < 0.05), caspase-3 (0.49 ± 0.03 vs. 0.69 ± 0.04, p < 0.05). However, we did not observe any difference between the DEX1 and DEX2 groups for these (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning has a protective effect against lung injury caused by hemorrhagic shock in rats. The potential mechanisms involved are the inhibition of cell death and improvement of antioxidation. But did not show a dose-dependent effect.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of intermittent vibration at different intervals on bone fracture healing and optimize the vibration interval. Methods: Ninety sheep were randomized to receive no treatment (the control group), incision only (the sham control group), internal fixation with or without metatarsal fracture (the internal fixation group), and continuous vibration in addition to internal fixation of metatarsal fracture, or intermittent vibration at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 17-day interval in addition to internal fixation of metatarsal fracture (the vibration group). Vibration was done at frequency F=35 Hz, acceleration a=0.25g, 15 min each time 2 weeks after bone fracture. Bone healing was evaluated by micro-CT scan, bone microstructure and mechanical compression of finite element simulation. Results: Intermittent vibration at 7-day interval significantly improved bone fracture healing grade. However, no significant changes on microstructure parameters and mechanical properties were observed among sheep receiving vibration at different intervals. Conclusions: Clinical healing effects should be the top concern. Quantitative analyses of bone microstructure and of finite element mechanics on the process of fracture healing need to be further investigated.

A series of HPW/Zn-Ti layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared by immobilizing phosphotungstic acid (HPW) on the Zn-Ti LDHs. Systematically characterizations were performed to elucidate their structure. These HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs hybrids were used as heterogeneous catalysts in the epoxidation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs) with H2O2. The HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs showed higher activity than bulk HPW and Zn-Ti LDHs. The conversion of FAMEs and the selectivity to epoxy fatty acid methyl ester (EFAME) were up to 90.6 and 86.0%, respectively. (PO4[WO2(O2)]4)3- was presumed to be the active site for the epoxidation in this work. The formed oxygen-donating intermediate Ti-OOH transferred oxygen free radicals to (PO4[WO2(O2)]4)3- in the catalytic process, accelerating the transfer of oxygen free radicals. Therefore, high catalytic activity of HPW/Zn-Ti LDHs is related to the potential synergistic interactions of Ti-OOH and PW anions.