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Abstract Aim To investigate iron-deficiency anemia as a risk factor for dental pulp disease in children from the central Peruvian jungle. Methodology A case-control study was carried out with 270 children, of which 90 referred to cases and 180, to controls. Patients with pulp disease were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Association of Endodontists and the American Board of Endodontics. A specific questionnaire was used to assess ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, occupation, and household income. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a binary logistic regression. Results Iron deficiency anemia offers a risk factor for pulp disease in children (OR 7.44, IC 95% 4.0-13.8). According to multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression, ferrous sulfate consumption (OR 13.8, IC 95% 5.6.33.9), maternal education level (OR 2.4, IC 95% 1.1-5.3), maternal age (OR 7.5, IC 95% 2.9-19.4), household income (OR 4.0, IC 95% 1.6-9.6), and caries (OR 10.7, IC 95% 4.5-25.7) configured independent factors that were statistically associated with pulp disease. Conclusion Iron deficiency anemia, ferrous sulfate consumption, maternal education level, maternal age, household income, and dental caries were positively associated with pulp disease in children irondeficiency iron jungle casecontrol case control 27 9 180 controls Endodontics occupation Pearsons Pearson s regression OR 744 7 44 7.44 95 4.013.8. 40138 4.0 13.8 . 4 0 13 8 4.0-13.8) 138 5.6.33.9, 56339 5.6.33.9 , 5 6 33 5.6.33.9) 24 2 2.4 1.15.3, 1153 1.1 5.3 1 3 1.1-5.3) 75 7.5 2.919.4, 29194 2.9 19.4 19 2.9-19.4) 40 1.69.6, 1696 1.6 9.6 1.6-9.6) 107 10 10.7 4.525.7 45257 4.5 25.7 25 4.5-25.7 18 74 7.4 013 4.013.8 4013 4. 13. 4.0-13.8 5633 5.6.33. 2. 15 1.15.3 115 11 1. 53 5. 1.1-5.3 7. 919 2.919.4 2919 29 194 19. 2.9-19.4 69 1.69.6 169 16 96 9. 1.6-9.6 10. 525 4.525. 4525 45 257 25. 4.5-25. 01 4.013. 401 4.0-13. 563 5.6.33 1.15. 1.1-5. 91 2.919. 291 2.9-19. 1.69. 1.6-9. 52 4.525 452 4.5-25 4.013 4.0-13 56 5.6.3 1.15 1.1-5 2.919 2.9-19 1.69 1.6-9 4.52 4.5-2 4.01 4.0-1 5.6. 1.1- 2.91 2.9-1 1.6- 4.5- 4.0- 5.6 2.9-
