Abstract To investigate the impact of cash transfer (CTs) on birth outcomes, including birth weight, low birth weight and prematurity, as well as child physical growth were included, as assessed by anthropometric indices in children under five years of age. Searching was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Quantitative observational, experimental and quasi-experimental. Eleven studies were included in the review. The majority (81.8%) were carried out in low-and middle-income countries and most involved conditional CTs (63.6%). Four were clinical trials and seven were observational studies. Conditional CTs were found to be associated with a reduction in height-for-age (-0.14; 95%CI -0.27, -0.02); (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.77-0.94); (OR = 0.44; 95%CI 0.19-0.98), a significantly reduced chance of low weight-for-age (OR = 0.16; 95%CI -0.11-0.43), low weight-for-height (OR = -0.68; 95%CI -1.14, -0.21), and low weight-for-age (OR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.10; 0.71). Unconditional CTs were associated with reduced birth weight (RR = 0.71; 95%CI 0.63-0.81; p < 0.0001) and preterm births (RR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.69-0.84; p < 0.0001). Conditional CTs can positively influence birth outcomes and child growth. (CTs prematurity age PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Embase LILACS Library databases quasiexperimental. quasiexperimental quasi experimental. quasi-experimental review 81.8% 818 81 8 (81.8% lowand middleincome middle income 63.6%. 636 63.6% . 63 6 (63.6%) heightforage height for 0.14 014 0 14 (-0.14 95CI CI 95 0.27, 027 27 -0.27 0.02 002 02 -0.02) OR 0.85 085 85 0.770.94 077094 0.77 0.94 77 94 0.77-0.94) 0.44 044 44 0.190.98, 019098 0.19 0.98 , 19 98 0.19-0.98) weightforage 0.16 016 16 0.110.43, 011043 0.11 0.43 11 43 -0.11-0.43) weightforheight 0.68 068 68 -0.68 1.14, 114 1 -1.14 0.21, 021 0.21 21 -0.21) 0.27 0.10 010 10 0.71. 071 0.71 71 0.71) RR 0.630.81 063081 0.63 0.81 0.63-0.81 0.0001 00001 0001 0.76 076 76 0.690.84 069084 0.69 0.84 69 84 0.69-0.84 0.0001. 81.8 (81.8 63.6 (63.6% 0.1 01 (-0.1 9 2 -0.2 0.0 00 -0.02 0.8 08 770 0.770.9 07709 077 0.7 094 0.9 7 0.77-0.94 0.4 04 4 190 0.190.98 01909 019 098 0.19-0.98 110 0.110.43 01104 011 043 -0.11-0.43 0.6 06 -0.6 1.14 -1.1 0.2 -0.21 07 630 0.630.8 06308 063 081 0.63-0.8 0.000 0000 000 690 0.690.8 06908 069 084 0.69-0.8 81. (81. 63. (63.6 0. (-0. -0. -0.0 0.770. 0770 09 0.77-0.9 0.190.9 0190 0.19-0.9 0.110.4 0110 -0.11-0.4 1.1 -1. 0.630. 0630 0.63-0. 0.00 0.690. 0690 0.69-0. (81 (63. (-0 -0 0.770 0.77-0. 0.190. 0.19-0. 0.110. -0.11-0. 1. -1 0.630 0.63-0 0.690 0.69-0 (8 (63 (- - 0.77-0 0.190 0.19-0 0.110 -0.11-0 0.63- 0.69- ( (6 0.77- 0.19- -0.11- -0.11 -0.1

Resumo Investigar o impacto dos programas de tranferência de renda (CTs) nos desfechos ao nascer, incluindo peso ao nascer, baixo peso ao nascer e prematuridade, e crescimento físico infantil, avaliado pelos índices antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos. Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos observacionais, experimentais e quasi-experimentais, com um total de 11 estudos na revisão. A maioria (81,8%) foi realizada em países de baixa e média rendas. Também na modalidade CT condicionais (63,6%). Quatro eram ensaios clínicos, e sete observacionais. Os CT condicionais estiveram associados a uma redução nos índices de altura-para-idade (-0,14; IC95% -0,27, -0,02); (OR 0,85; IC95% 0,77-0,94); (OR = 0,44; IC95% 0,19-0,98), redução significativa na chance de baixo peso-para-idade (OR = 0,16; IC95% -0,11-0,43), baixo peso-para-altura (OR = -0,68; IC95% -1,14, -0,21), e redução de peso para idade (OR = 0,27; IC95% 0,10; 0,71). CTs não condicionais foram associados à redução do baixo peso as nascer (RR = 0,71; IC95% 0,63-0,81; p < 0,0001), e de prematuros (RR = 0,76; IC95% 0,69-0,84; p < 0,0001). Os CTs condicionais podem influenciar positivamente os desfechos ao nascer e o crescimento infantil. (CTs prematuridade infantil anos PubMedMedline PubMed Medline PubMed/Medline Embase LILACS Library Science observacionais quasiexperimentais, quasiexperimentais quasi experimentais, quasi-experimentais 1 revisão 81,8% 818 81 8 (81,8% rendas 63,6%. 636 63,6% . 63 6 (63,6%) clínicos alturaparaidade altura 0,14 014 0 14 (-0,14 IC95 IC 0,27, 027 27 -0,27 0,02 002 02 -0,02) OR 0,85 085 85 0,770,94 077094 0,77 0,94 77 94 0,77-0,94) 0,44 044 44 0,190,98, 019098 0,19 0,98 , 19 98 0,19-0,98) pesoparaidade 0,16 016 16 0,110,43, 011043 0,11 0,43 43 -0,11-0,43) pesoparaaltura 0,68 068 68 -0,68 1,14, 114 -1,14 0,21, 021 0,21 21 -0,21) 0,27 0,10 010 10 0,71. 071 0,71 71 0,71) RR 0,630,81 063081 0,63 0,81 0,63-0,81 0,0001, 00001 0,0001 0001 0,0001) 0,76 076 76 0,690,84 069084 0,69 0,84 69 84 0,69-0,84 0,0001. 81,8 (81,8 63,6 (63,6% 0,1 01 (-0,1 IC9 2 -0,2 0,0 00 -0,02 0,8 08 770 0,770,9 07709 077 0,7 094 0,9 7 9 0,77-0,94 0,4 04 4 190 0,190,98 01909 019 098 0,19-0,98 110 0,110,43 01104 011 043 -0,11-0,43 0,6 06 -0,6 1,14 -1,1 0,2 -0,21 07 630 0,630,8 06308 063 081 0,63-0,8 0000 0,000 000 690 0,690,8 06908 069 084 0,69-0,8 81, (81, 63, (63,6 0, (-0, -0, -0,0 0,770, 0770 09 0,77-0,9 0,190,9 0190 0,19-0,9 0,110,4 0110 -0,11-0,4 1,1 -1, 0,630, 0630 0,63-0, 0,00 0,690, 0690 0,69-0, (81 (63, (-0 -0 0,770 0,77-0, 0,190, 0,19-0, 0,110, -0,11-0, 1, -1 0,630 0,63-0 0,690 0,69-0 (8 (63 (- - 0,77-0 0,190 0,19-0 0,110 -0,11-0 0,63- 0,69- ( (6 0,77- 0,19- -0,11- -0,11 -0,1

Resumo Investigar o impacto dos programas de tranferência de renda (CTs) nos desfechos ao nascer, incluindo peso ao nascer, baixo peso ao nascer e prematuridade, e crescimento físico infantil, avaliado pelos índices antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos. Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos observacionais, experimentais e quasi-experimentais, com um total de 11 estudos na revisão. A maioria (81,8%) foi realizada em países de baixa e média rendas. Também na modalidade CT condicionais (63,6%). Quatro eram ensaios clínicos, e sete observacionais. Os CT condicionais estiveram associados a uma redução nos índices de altura-para-idade (-0,14; IC95% -0,27, -0,02); (OR 0,85; IC95% 0,77-0,94); (OR = 0,44; IC95% 0,19-0,98), redução significativa na chance de baixo peso-para-idade (OR = 0,16; IC95% -0,11-0,43), baixo peso-para-altura (OR = -0,68; IC95% -1,14, -0,21), e redução de peso para idade (OR = 0,27; IC95% 0,10; 0,71). CTs não condicionais foram associados à redução do baixo peso as nascer (RR = 0,71; IC95% 0,63-0,81; p < 0,0001), e de prematuros (RR = 0,76; IC95% 0,69-0,84; p < 0,0001). Os CTs condicionais podem influenciar positivamente os desfechos ao nascer e o crescimento infantil.

Abstract To investigate the impact of cash transfer (CTs) on birth outcomes, including birth weight, low birth weight and prematurity, as well as child physical growth were included, as assessed by anthropometric indices in children under five years of age. Searching was performed using the PubMed/Medline, Embase, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Quantitative observational, experimental and quasi-experimental. Eleven studies were included in the review. The majority (81.8%) were carried out in low-and middle-income countries and most involved conditional CTs (63.6%). Four were clinical trials and seven were observational studies. Conditional CTs were found to be associated with a reduction in height-for-age (-0.14; 95%CI -0.27, -0.02); (OR 0.85; 95%CI 0.77-0.94); (OR = 0.44; 95%CI 0.19-0.98), a significantly reduced chance of low weight-for-age (OR = 0.16; 95%CI -0.11-0.43), low weight-for-height (OR = -0.68; 95%CI -1.14, -0.21), and low weight-for-age (OR = 0.27; 95%CI 0.10; 0.71). Unconditional CTs were associated with reduced birth weight (RR = 0.71; 95%CI 0.63-0.81; p < 0.0001) and preterm births (RR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.69-0.84; p < 0.0001). Conditional CTs can positively influence birth outcomes and child growth.

RESUMO Introdução: Em Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial, o momento de início do tratamento pode ser crítico, e uma análise individual deve ser aplicada para promover um planejamento de tratamento favorável. No presente estudo, foram realizadas a avaliação individualizada da sutura palatina mediana (SPM) e medições no palato de adolescentes e adultos jovens tratados com expansão rápida da maxila (ERM). Descrição: Foram avaliados vinte e seis pacientes submetidos à ERM com aparelho dentossuportado (Hyrax). Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade mínima de 14 anos, apresentando todos os dentes posteriores, diagnosticado com discrepância transversa da maxila e com uma indicação clínica para expansão maxilar. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) pré-tratamento desses pacientes foi avaliada para obter os estágios de maturação da SPM (MSPM), densidade da SPM (DSPM), comprimento do palato, espessura (anterior, intermediária e posterior) e área sagital. Resultados: Os estágios de maturação presentes foram C, D ou E; a densidade variou de 0,6 a 1, e foram determinados grupos de baixa (DSPM < 0,75) e alta densidade (DSPM ≥ 0,75). Indivíduos com maior DSPM apresentaram menor área sagital, em comparação com o grupo de densidade mais baixa. Indivíduos nos estágios D e E de MSPM apresentaram menor área sagital e espessura intermediária, comparados aos indivíduos no estágio C. Conclusão: Uma menor área sagital palatina foi observada nos grupos de alta DSPM e nos estágios D e E de MSPM.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics, the timing of treatment onset may be critical and individual analysis should be applied to promote a favorable treatment planning. In this study, individual analysis of midpalatal suture (MS) and palatal measurements were performed in teenagers and young adult patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Description: Twenty-six patients submitted to RME with a tooth-supported appliance (Hyrax) were evaluated. The inclusion criteria were: minimum age of 14 years, presenting all posterior teeth, diagnosed with transverse maxillary discrepancy, and with a clinical indication for maxillary expansion. The pretreatment CBCT scans of these patients were assessed to obtain the stages of MS maturation (MSM); density ratio (MSD); and palatal length, thickness (anterior, intermediate and posterior) and sagittal area. Results: The maturation stages present were C, D or E; the density ranged from 0.6 to 1, and lower density (MSD < 0.75) and higher density (MSD ≥ 0.75) groups were determined. Individuals with higher MSD presented smaller sagittal area, compared to the lower density group. Individuals in D and E MSM stages presented smaller sagittal area and intermediate thickness, compared to stage C. Conclusions: Smaller palatal sagittal area was observed in the high MSD groups and in the stages D and E of MSM.

Abstract Botulinum toxin type A is effective in reducing excessive gingival display caused by hyperfunctional upper lip elevator muscles; however, this effect is transient. This study aimed to determine the duration of the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A on a gummy smile. A systematic search was conducted using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, from 1970 to March 2017 with no language restriction; the search included studies evaluating adult patients with excessive gingival display who were treated with botulinum toxin and were followed-up for at least 3 months. OpenGrey and Clinical Trial Registry were also consulted. Quality assessment was applied to determine the level of evidence and bias, and a meta-analysis was performed. Of 2181 full texts, 71 were obtained, with 3 prospective studies meeting the selection criteria. The gingival display was significantly reduced to baseline with 2, 4, and 8 weeks of treatment. The gingival display considerably reduced at the baseline-2-week comparison (–4.44 mm using raw data and–4.05 mm using the standard difference) and increased throughout the weeks of follow-up. There is scant evidence to determine the duration of the effectiveness of toxin type A on a gummy smile. The effect tends to be stable until at least 8 weeks of follow-up, and the gingival exposure may not return to baseline within 12 weeks of follow-up. Well-designed randomized clinical trials with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up are necessary to strengthen the evidence.

Resumo Objetivos: sumarizar estudos brasileiros que analisaram os fatores de risco para interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) antes dos seis meses de vida da criança. Métodos: revisão sistemática e metanálise de artigos indexados na base de dados Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, publicados no período de janeiro 2000 a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: 22 artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. Observou-se que os fatores relacionados ao recém-nascido como o baixo peso ao nascer (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,05-1,29), sexo feminino (OR= 1,09; IC95%: 1,04-1,13) e uso de chupeta (OR= 2,29; IC95%: 1,68- 2,91) foram os principais fatores de exposição responsável pelo aumento da ocorrência de interrupção do AME. No que se refere aos fatores de exposição relacionados à mãe, a idade materna inferior a vinte anos (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,12-1,33), a baixa escolaridade (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1,11-1,45), a primiparidade (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,02-1,32), o trabalho materno no puerpério (OR= 1,26; IC95%: 1,11-1,41) e a baixa renda familiar (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,08-1,37) contribuíram significativamente para ocorrência de interrupção do AME. Conclusões: a metanálise de estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros registrou evidências para concluir que a idade inferior a vinte anos, baixa escolaridade, primiparidade, trabalho materno no puerpério e a baixa renda familiar estão associados com a interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade. Crianças com baixo peso ao nascer, do sexo feminino e que usaram chupeta tiveram maior vulnerabilidade de não serem amamentadas exclusivamente. Conclui-se, que a maioria deste fatores podem ser modificados por meio de políticas públicas de acompanhamento adequado durante todo o pré-natal,com ações de promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Abstract Objectives: to summarize Brazilian studies that analyzed the risk factors for Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) interruption before the child's six months of life. Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis indexed articles from Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed databases published in the period of January 2000 to December 2015. Results: 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The factors related to newborns were observed, such as birth weight (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05-1.29), female gender (OR= 1,09; CI 95%: 1.04-1.13) and the use of pacifier (OR= 2.29; CI 95%: 1.68-2.91) were the main factors responsible for the increase in the occurrence of EBF interruption. The factors were related to the mother, maternal age below twenty years old (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.12-1.33) low schooling level (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1.11-1.45), primiparity (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.02-1.32) maternal employment during the postpartum period (OR= 1.26; CI 95%: 1.11-1.41), and low family income (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.08-1.37) contributed significantly to the EBF interruption . Conclusions: the meta-analysis of Brazilian epidemiological studies demonstrated evidences to conclude that below the age of twenty, low schooling, primiparity, maternal employment in the postpartum period and low family income are associated to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age. Children with low birth weight, female gender and used a pacifier had greater vulnerability to not be exclusively breastfed. In conclusion, most of these factors can be modified through appropriate public policies throughout the adequate prenatal period to promote exclusive breastfeeding.

Objective : The aim of this study was to review the reliability and reproducibility of 3D-CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) cephalometric landmark identification.Methods : Electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for papers published from 1998 to October 2014. Specific strategies were developed for each database, with the guidance of a librarian. Two reviewers independently analyzed the titles and abstracts for inclusion. The articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for full-text reading, and the selected articles went through methodological quality evaluation. After the exclusion of repeated articles, the titles of the remaining ones were read and 1,328 of them were excluded. The abstracts of 173 articles were read, of which 43 were selected, read in full and submitted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fourteen articles or studies with reliable methodology and reproducibility remained. The data were collected, organized into figures and analyzed for determination of the reliability and reproducibility of the three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks.Results : Overall, the landmarks on the median sagittal line and dental landmarks had the highest reliability, while the landmarks on the condyle, porion and the orbitale presented lower levels of reliability. Point S must be marked in the multiplanar views associated with visualization in 3D reconstruction. Further studies are necessary for evaluating soft tissue landmarks.