ABSTRACT Melanoma arising in the hard palate is an exceedingly rare entity, comprising a minute fraction of all melanoma cases. The absence of specific clinical signs often leads to delayed diagnosis and subsequent challenges in treatment planning. We discussed the existing literature to elucidate the epidemiology, risk factors, and molecular pathways associated with melanoma of the hard palate. Additionally, we discuss the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving dermatologists, otolaryngologists, oncologists, and pathologists in diagnosing and managing this condition. A 62-year-old male patient presented with a pigmented lesion on the hard palate mucosa, which was initially asymptomatic but gradually increased in size. Biopsy revealed melanoma, confirmed through immunohistochemical staining. Staging investigations indicated a metastatic disease. Surgery followed by adjuvant therapy was planned; however, he was lost for the follow-up. Melanoma originating from the hard palate mucosa is exceedingly rare, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and prompt multidisciplinary management are crucial for optimal outcomes. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive evaluation and tailored treatment strategies in patients with uncommon mucosal melanomas. entity cases planning epidemiology factors Additionally dermatologists otolaryngologists oncologists condition 62yearold yearold 62 year old size staining disease planned however followup. followup follow up. up follow-up detection outcomes melanomas 6

ABSTRACT Introduction: Approximately 55.52% of the Indian population had been fully vaccinated by Jan. 2022, since its first roll out on January 16, 2021. A few concerns were raised concerning the Covishield vaccination related to thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Apheresis-derived platelet concentrates are frequently required in a plethora of clinical situations and post-vaccination decrement of platelet counts might lead to increased deferral of the plateletpheresis donors. Objectives. The aim of the study was to discover the effect of the Covishield vaccination on deferral rates of plateletpheresis donors. Methods: Blood samples were collected from the potential platelet donors for the completion of the standard questionnaire for the complete blood count. The data collected were tabulated in the MS Excel spreadsheet and the biostatistical analysis was performed with the SPSS v23. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant. We compared this data with age-and sex-matched controls. Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 29.69 ± 8.57 and 30.15 ± 7.11, respectively. There was a significant difference in platelet counts of cases (188496.35 ± 72065.66/cumm) and controls (269524.50 ± 53981.60/cumm). Furthermore, donors who received one dose had higher platelet counts of 248676.47 ± 80075.24/cumm than those who received both doses of vaccine (179970.83 ± 66773.73/cumm). The difference in deferral rates between the two groups was remarkable (34.7% vs. 0.9%, with the p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Vaccination certainly increased the deferral rates of plateletpheresis donors due to low platelet counts. Average platelet counts were low in fully vaccinated individuals, however, the platelets returned to normal counts as the post-vaccination days progressed. Introduction 5552 55 52 55.52 Jan 2022 16 2021 thrombocytopenia Apheresisderived Apheresis derived postvaccination post Objectives Methods count v23 v pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.0 ageand sexmatched sex matched Results 2969 29 69 29.6 857 8 57 8.5 3015 30 15 30.1 711 7 11 7.11 respectively 188496.35 18849635 188496 35 (188496.3 72065.66/cumm 7206566cumm cumm 72065 66 269524.50 26952450 269524 50 (269524.5 53981.60/cumm. 5398160cumm 53981.60/cumm . 53981 60 53981.60/cumm) Furthermore 24867647 248676 47 248676.4 8007524cumm 80075 24 179970.83 17997083 179970 83 (179970.8 66773.73/cumm. 6677373cumm 66773.73/cumm 66773 73 66773.73/cumm) 34.7% 347 34 (34.7 vs 09 9 0.9% 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) Conclusion individuals however progressed 555 5 55.5 202 1 v2 00 0. 296 2 6 29. 85 8. 301 3 30. 71 7.1 188496.3 1884963 18849 (188496. 7206 269524.5 2695245 26952 (269524. 5398 2486764 24867 4 248676. 8007 179970.8 1799708 17997 (179970. 6677 34.7 (34. 0.9 000 0.00 55. 20 7. 188496. 1884 (188496 720 269524. 2695 (269524 539 2486 800 179970. 1799 (179970 667 34. (34 188 (18849 72 269 (26952 53 248 80 179 (17997 (3 18 (1884 26 (2695 17 (1799 ( (188 (269 (179 (18 (26 (17 (1 (2

Abstract Introduction Cancer is a disease that emerges as a result of abnormal cell proliferation and their propensity to spread from one bodily region to another. There are over a hundred different types of cancer that impact individuals all over the world. It is difficult to identify in the early stages, but there are certain warning signals that the cells will turn malignant. Quality of life (QOL) is described by the World Health Organisation as “individuals' perception of life, values, objectives, standards, and interests within the cultural framework of the social environment in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns.” QOL assessment in health system is a multidimensional construct that can be measured by evaluating objective levels of health status filtered by the subjective perceptions and expectations of the individual. Aim and ObjectiveTo assess socio-demographic factors and quality of life among cancer patients in tertiary care hospital. Materials and MethodsA hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital Faridkot district, Punjab (India). The study was conducted for a period of six months after getting approval from Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). Generic instrument, SF-36 was used to assess the QOL. The study was analyzed on SPSS version 26.0 software. Descriptive and analytical analysis was used to describe the results. Results Linear regression was conducted to see the relationship of physical functioning score with age and weight of the patients. The descriptive statistics shows the mean and standard deviation of the variable. The mean of physical functioning score was found to be (M = 27.82, SD = 15.635). The physical functioning score and age, weight of the patients in linear regression shows that the age and weight explain 17.5% Conclusion Treatment revealed that severe and moderate activities restricted nearly half of the assessed patients, with body pain interfering with employment and routine activities. According to the findings of the current study, QOL deteriorates as the disease progresses. Cancer unquestionably has a detrimental influence on patients' quality of life, which is connected to the illness process itself, the therapy administered, and the length of the disease. another world stages malignant (QOL “individuals values objectives standards goals concerns. concerns individual sociodemographic socio demographic hospital hospitalbased based district India. India . (India) IEC. IEC (IEC) instrument SF36 SF 36 SF-3 260 26 0 26. software results variable M 2782 27 82 27.82 15.635. 15635 15.635 15 635 15.635) 175 17 5 17.5 progresses itself administered (India (IEC SF3 3 SF- 2 278 8 27.8 1563 15.63 1 63 17. 27. 156 15.6 6 15.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a distribuição da tensão inicial e o deslocamento na dentição inferior usando mini-implantes extra e inter-radiculares para distalização da arcada, por meio da análise de elementos finitos. Métodos: Dois modelos de elementos finitos da mandíbula foram criados, os quais consistiram de ligamento periodontal (PDL) e osso alveolar de todos os dentes até os segundos molares. No Caso 1, mini-implantes extra-radiculares de aço inoxidável (10,0 mm de comprimento; 2,0 mm de diâmetro) foram colocados bilateralmente na buccal-shelf entre o primeiro e o segundo molares permanentes. No Caso 2, mini-implantes de aço inoxidável inter-radiculares (comprimento de 10,0 mm; diâmetro de 1,5 mm) foram colocados bilateralmente entre o segundo pré-molar e o primeiro molar permanentes. Um Power hook foi preso entre o canino e o primeiro pré-molar a uma altura fixa de 8mm. Nos dois casos, foi aplicada força de distalização de 200g. O software ANSYS v. 12.1 foi usado para analisar e comparar a tensão de von Mises e o deslocamento na dentição inferior, ligamento periodontal e osso. Resultados: Maiores tensões foram observadas na dentição inferior com o sistema de implantes inter-radiculares. A quantidade de tensões de von Mises foi maior para osso cortical (85,66MPa) e osso esponjoso (3,64MPa) no Caso 2, em comparação com osso cortical (41,93MPa) e osso esponjoso (3,43MPa) no Caso 1. A quantidade de distalização da arcada inferior foi maior no Caso 1 (0,028 mm), em comparação com o Caso 2 (0,026 mm). Conclusão: Ambos os sistemas foram clinicamente seguros, mas os implantes extra-radiculares mostraram um padrão de distalização mais eficaz e controlado, em comparação com os implantes inter-radiculares, para tratamento da má oclusão de Classe III. Objetivo miniimplantes mini interradiculares inter radiculares Métodos criados PDL (PDL extraradiculares 100 10 0 (10, comprimento 20 buccalshelf buccal shelf permanentes 10, 15 5 prémolar pré 8mm casos 200g g v 121 12 12. Resultados interradiculares. radiculares. 85,66MPa 8566MPa MPa 85 66MPa (85,66MPa 3,64MPa 364MPa 3 64MPa (3,64MPa 41,93MPa 4193MPa 41 93MPa (41,93MPa 3,43MPa 343MPa 43MPa (3,43MPa 0,028 0028 028 (0,02 mm, , 0,026 0026 026 mm. . Conclusão seguros controlado interradiculares, radiculares, III (10 8 4 0,02 002 02 (0,0 (1 0,0 00 (0, ( 0, (0

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the initial stress distribution and displacement on mandibular dentition using extra and inter-radicular mini-implants for arch distalization, by means of finite element analysis. Methods: For this study, two finite element models of the mandible were designed. The models consisted of periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone of all teeth until second molars. In the Case 1, bilateral extra-radicular buccal-shelf stainless steel mini-implants (10.0-mm length; 2.0-mm diameter) were placed between first and second permanent molars. In the Case 2, bilateral inter-radicular stainless steel mini-implants (10.0-mm length; 1.5-mm diameter) were placed between second premolar and first permanent molar. Power hook was attached between canine and first premolar at a fixed height of 8mm. In the two cases, 200g of distalization force was applied. ANSYS v. 12.1 software was used to analyze and compare von Mises stress and displacement in the mandibular dentition, PDL and bone. Results: Higher stresses were observed in mandibular dentition with the inter-radicular implant system. The amount of von Mises stress was higher for cortical bone (85.66MPa) and cancellous bone (3.64MPa) in Case 2, in comparison to cortical bone (41.93MPa) and cancellous bone (3.43MPa) in Case 1. The amount of arch distalization was higher for mandible in Case 1 (0.028mm), in comparison to Case 2 (0.026mm). Conclusion: Both systems were clinically safe, but extra-radicular implants showed more effective and controlled distalization pattern, in comparison to inter-radicular implants, in Class III malocclusion treatment. Objective interradicular inter radicular miniimplants mini analysis Methods study designed (PDL molars extraradicular buccalshelf buccal shelf 10.0mm 100mm mm 10.0 10 0 length 2.0mm 20mm 2.0 diameter 1.5mm 15mm 1.5 5 molar 8mm cases g applied v 121 12 12. Results system 85.66MPa 8566MPa MPa 85 66MPa (85.66MPa 3.64MPa 364MPa 3 64MPa (3.64MPa 41.93MPa 4193MPa 41 93MPa (41.93MPa 3.43MPa 343MPa 43MPa (3.43MPa 0.028mm, 0028mm 0.028mm , 028mm (0.028mm) 0.026mm. 0026mm 0.026mm . 026mm (0.026mm) Conclusion safe pattern treatment 0mm 100 10. 20 2. 5mm 15 8 4 (0.028mm (0.026mm

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the potential determinants of tobacco counseling implementation among oral health professionals in India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the 298 dentists of Aligarh and Gwalior. The questionnaire used in the study had sections on dentists' sociodemographic data and a 35-item questionnaire to assess the potential determinants of tobacco cessation counseling. Descriptive statistics were carried out, and a Chi-square test was utilized to determine the association. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Domains "knowledge", "Professional Responsibility and Identity", and "Remembrance, awareness, and judgment" showed a statistically significant correlation with most tobacco cessation counseling behaviors. In addition, undergraduate education received in Tobacco Cessation counseling, and Continuing education received in Tobacco Cessation counseling had significantly impacted the practice of tobacco cessation counseling (p=0.02 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that "Knowledge", "Professional Responsibility and Identity" and "Remembrance, awareness, and judgment" are the potential determinants that could be used to design effective strategies to enhance tobacco counseling among dentists in India. Objective India Methods crosssectional cross sectional 29 Gwalior 35item item 35 Chisquare Chi square association Pvalue P value 005 0 05 <0.0 Results knowledge, knowledge , "knowledge" Professional Identity, Identity Remembrance, Remembrance "Remembrance awareness judgment behaviors addition p=0.02 p002 p 02 (p=0.0 004 04 0.04 respectively. respectively . respectively) Conclusion Knowledge, Knowledge "Knowledge" 2 3 00 <0. "knowledge p=0.0 p00 (p=0. 0.0 "Knowledge <0 p=0. p0 (p=0 0. < p=0 (p= p= (p

Abstract The effect of three independent variables i.e. blanching time (3- 7 minutes), L-ascorbic acid (25-75 mg) and lemon juice (2.5-7.5 mL) was studied on the quality of spinach- lemon- tulsi ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage. The process was optimized using BBD- RSM methodology and the linear effect of the independent variables on the quality parameter was studied using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). A total of 15 runs including 3 centre points per block were obtained in BBD RSM and each run was analysed for different quality parameters i.e. total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, ascorbic acid, antioxidant activity and overall acceptability. TSS, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, ascorbic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and overall acceptability ranged from 10.60 to 13.20°B, 0.37 to 0.50 % as citric acid, 1.70 to 3.10%, 6.30 to 8.20%, 42.30 to 64.90 mg/100 gm, 64.00 to 80.20%, and 6.6-8.3 (on a 9-point hedonic scale), respectively. The results analysed by BBD-RSM suggested a blanching time of 5.47 minutes, 75 mg L-ascorbic acid and 6.24 mL lemon juice are the optimum conditions for the preparation of spinach-lemon-tulsi RTS beverage. As per the CCA, the total variance of the independent variables on the dependent variables was 79%. L-ascorbic acid and lemon juice were found to have a positive effect on dependent variables. The model also suggested that an increase in blanching time could harm the quality of the beverage. ie i e i.e (3 minutes , minutes) Lascorbic L 2575 25 (25-7 2.57.5 2.5 7.5 2 5 (2.5-7. spinach readytoserve ready serve (RTS beverage CCA. CCA . (CCA) 1 TSS (TSS) acidity sugars 1060 10 60 10.6 1320B B 13 20 13.20°B 037 0 37 0.3 050 50 0.5 170 70 1.7 310 3.10% 630 6 30 6.3 820 8 8.20% 4230 42 42.3 6490 64 90 64.9 mg100 100 mg/10 gm 6400 00 64.0 8020 80 80.20% 6.68.3 6683 6.6 8.3 6.6-8. 9point point 9 scale, scale scale) respectively BBDRSM 547 47 5.4 624 24 6.2 spinachlemontulsi 79 79% ( 257 (25- 57 2.57. 2. 7. (2.5-7 (CCA (TSS 106 10. 03 0. 05 17 1. 31 3.10 63 6. 82 8.20 423 4 42. 649 64. mg10 mg/1 640 802 80.20 68 6.68. 668 66 83 8. 6.6-8 54 5. 62 (25 2.57 (2.5- 3.1 8.2 mg1 mg/ 80.2 6.68 6.6- (2 (2.5 3. 80. (2.

Abstract The presented model for wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna is an improved version of the previous models which is widely applicable to satellite, microwave relay and radar. The designed circularly polarized antenna having overall volume of 20× 20 × 1.6 mm3 actively works at the impedance bandwidth of 9000 MHz (4.0–12.9 GHz) having 105%(with 8900 MHz taken as center frequency). The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is obtained as 5500 MHz (5.4–10.9 GHz) depicting 67.5% (with 8150 MHz taken as the center frequency). Measured results of impedance bandwidth, axial ratio, gain and VSWR agrees to the simulation results.

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a dangerous infectious disease caused by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has various clinical presentations. Numerable cases with non-specific olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 have been reported from all over the globe. This is important as awareness will let people to self-isolate and help in limiting disease spread. Objective To objectively evaluate the frequency of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, which may occur independently or with other symptoms, in laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease. Methods Objective evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function of 322 COVID-19 patients treated at our hospital, (SMGS, Government Medical College, Jammu), from August 2020 until November 2020. Results Our study population included 127 (39.4%) males and 195 (60.6%) females. Two hundred and twenty-six (70.2%) COVID-19 patients experienced olfactory and gustatory disorders. One hundred and sixty-five (51.2%) cases experienced both olfactory and gustatory disorders. Isolated olfactory dysfunction was reported in 34 (10.6%) patients, while 27 (8.4%) patients experienced only gustatory dysfunction. Conclusion The olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, without any nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, are significant symptoms in the clinical presentation of early COVID-19 patients. This presentation can be recognized at the earliest one, and it can reduce the high communicability of the COVID-19 disease.

Abstract Introduction Airway foreign bodies are emergencies involving multidisciplinary departments like Pediatrics, Aneasthesiology and Otorhinolaryngology. It is always a challenge to diagnose and manage patients who present late to our emergencies. Objective In the present study, we aim to analyze the various challenges faced during the management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies with delayed presentation. Methods A retrospective hospital record-based analysis of patients who presented to us with tracheobronchial foreign bodies from January 2017 to February 2020 was performed. All patients until the age of 16 years old were included in the present study. We assessed the demographics, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of the patients. Results Seventeen patients were analyzed in the study. Among these, 44.4% of the patients had delayed presentation (> 1 month). The majority of the patients had an organic foreign body (Supari or betel nut). All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy, followed by optical forceps-assisted removal of the foreign body. A total of 82% of the patients had granulations around the foreign body. Conclusion Management of delayed presentation tracheobronchial foreign body is a big challenge for Otorhinolaryngologists. The key factors for preventing complications in the definitive management of tracheobronchial foreign bodies are preoperative planning, multi-discipline teamwork, surgeon expertise and technique.

Abstract Objective: To quantify and compare respiratory functions and further screen the oral mucosa of tobacco and non-tobacco users. Material and Methods: First control group, non-tobacco users (n=55); Second group, smokers’ group (n=168) who currently smoked cigarettes; Third group smokeless/chewing type, tobacco group (n=81); Fourth group, both smokeless and smoking type tobacco users (n=46). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependences (FTND) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) instruments were used to assess nicotine dependence. Subsequently, spirometry and Toluidine Blue (TB) vital staining were performed. Chi-squared and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Fagerstrom test resulted in 48.8% of subjects with low dependency, followed by an increase in nicotine dependency from low to moderate (29.2%), moderate (15.6%), and highly dependent (6.4%) groups. All respiratory function tests and oral screening confirmed significant changes amongst tobacco and non-tobacco users. The forced vital capacity of non-smoker group was significantly different from other tobacco users’ group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Early effects of tobacco use can lead to complications with the respiratory system and oral cavity. Such data can be used to delineate the harm of tobacco and should be used to urge individuals to evade the utilization of tobacco.

Abstract G × E interaction is major cause of discrepancy in crop yield under different environments. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) launched their fourth flagship project on Global Rice Array (GRA-IV) to identify climate resilient rice genotypes. The G x E interaction was studied in ‘Antenna Panel’ genotypes Of rice using AMMI model. The results indicated that main effects as well as interactive G x E effects were significant for most of the traits. Major portion of the G x E was contributed by the genotypes. AMMI model having two principle components axis was found as the best predictive model. On the basis of biplots and ASV score SAHEL 177 for days to 50% flowering, SADRI for plant height; FEDEARROZ 50 for panicle length; CT11891-2-2-7-M for number of grains panicle-1 and SAHEL 108 for grain yield were considered as most stable genotypes in all the consecutive three environments. Moreover Yield Stability Index (YSI) supported the results that SAHEL 108 is the most superior genotype for grain yield over all the three environments of testing. Findings from this study are expected to help breeders to select suitable genotype on the basis of its performance and stability over locations. which can provide a head start to the rice improvement programmes for Indo-gangetic Plains and Hilly Tarai regions of India.

RESUMO A estimativa de fluxo descarga é um componente essencial do planejamento e da tomada de decisões. Está altamente correlacionado com muitas atividades de desenvolvimento envolvendo recursos hídricos. O estudo do transporte de sedimentos nos rios nos ajudará a desenvolver políticas e planos de conservação do solo, controle de enchentes, irrigação, navegação e problemas de biodiversidade aquática. Usando modelos baseados em dados, como Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANNs), a modelagem de vazão e do transporte de sedimentos é frequentemente adotada devido à sua aplicabilidade e capacidade de resolução de problemas. Este estudo utilizou três algoritmos de treinamento como Gradiente Conjugado Escalonado (SCG), Regularização Bayesiana (BR) e Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) para simular o fluxo de vazão e a concentração de sedimentos suspensos (SSC). Depois de otimizar o melhor algoritmo de treinamento baseado nos parâmetros de eficiência do modelo, o modelo LM-ANN foi utilizado para prever o fluxo vazão por dois anos e a modelagem de sedimentos suspensos foi validada com a ajuda de dados observados. O resultado mostrou que os resultados simulados acompanharam o fluxo de vazão, bem como o SSC com a precisão desejada com base nos parâmetros de eficiência do modelo, como coeficiente de determinação (R2), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) e Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD). Os resultados do estudo revelam que no fluxo de córregos a concentração de sedimentos suspensos é significativamente afetada pelo material de rocha base, geleiras cobertas por detritos e gelo carregado de detritos não consolidados. O transporte dos sedimentos é alto na bacia de Alaknanda em comparação com as outras bacias e os estudos anteriores. Isso pode acontecer devido às severas atividades antropogênicas na bacia circundante.

ABSTRACT The estimation of stream discharge is an essential component of planning and decision-making. It is highly correlated with many development activities involving water resources. The study of transportation of sediments in the rivers will help us to develop policies and plans for soil conservation, flood control, irrigation, navigation, and aquatic biodiversity problems. Using data-driven models such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), modeling of streamflow and sediment transport is frequently adopted due to their applicability and problem-solving ability. This study has used three training algorithms such as Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) to simulate the streamflow and Suspended Sediments Concentration (SSC). After optimizing the best training algorithm based on the model efficiency parameters, L-M based-ANN model has been used to predict streamflow for two years and the modeling of suspended sediments was validated with the help of observed data. The result shows that the simulated results tracked the streamflow as well as SSC with the desired accuracy based on the model efficiency parameters such as coefficient of Determination (R2), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD). The study's outcomes reveal that in the streamflow the concentration of suspended sediments is significantly affected by the base rock material, glaciers covered by debris, and moraine-laden ice. The transportation of the sediments is high in the Alaknanda basin as compared to the other basins and the previous studies. This might happen due to the severe anthropogenic activities in the surrounding basin.