ABSTRACT Objective To correlate the significance of osseous, chondral, tendon, and ligamentous injuries with anatomical variations in low-grade versus high-grade acute ankle sprains. Methods We retrospectively identified the magnetic resonance imaging findings of acute ankle sprains (<15 days). Participants with a history of previous sprains, arthritis, tumors, infections, or inflammatory conditions were excluded. Images were independently evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists and assessed for osseous, chondral, tendon, and ligamentous injuries and anatomical variations. Participants were divided into low-grade versus high-grade sprain groups, according to the presence of a complete tear in at least one component of the lateral ligament complex. Results The final study group comprised 100 magnetic resonance images (mean age, 36 years), the majority of males (54%), the right ankle (52%), and a mean sprain duration of 5 days. Participants with high-grade sprains presented with increased rates of medial malleolus edema (p<0.001), moderate and large articular effusions (p=0.041), and shorter calcaneonavicular distance (p=0.008). Complete tears of the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligaments were observed in 100% and 51.2% of the participants in the High-Grade Group, respectively. The deltoid ligament complex was partially torn in this group (55.8% versus 8.8%, p<0.001). Extensor tendon retinaculum lesions occurred significantly more frequently in this group (41.9%) compared to the overall study population (23%) (p<0.001). Conclusion Participants with high-grade ankle sprains presented with shorter calcaneonavicular distances and increased rates of medial malleolus edema, deltoid complex partial tears, extensor retinaculum lesions, and articular effusion. osseous chondral lowgrade low grade highgrade high <15 15 (<1 days . days) arthritis tumors infections excluded groups 10 age 3 years, years , years) 54%, 54 54% (54%) 52%, 52 52% (52%) p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 (p<0.001) p=0.041, p0041 p=0.041 041 (p=0.041) p=0.008. p0008 p=0.008 008 (p=0.008) 512 51 2 51.2 HighGrade High Grade Group respectively 55.8% 558 55 8 (55.8 88 8.8% p<0.001. p<0.001) 41.9% 419 41 9 (41.9% 23% 23 (23% effusion <1 1 (< (54% (52% p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.041 p=0.00 (p=0.008 51. 55.8 (55. 8.8 41.9 4 (41.9 (23 < ( (54 (52 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 (p=0.00 55. (55 8. 41. (41. (2 (5 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.0 (41 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. (4 p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

Este estudo mostra a experiência e resultados da terapêutica endovascular nas lesões estenóticas em bifurcação carotídea. Entre fevereiro de 1998 e março de 2003 foram tratados 79 pacientes com idades entre 57 e 72 anos (média 64,5 anos) sendo 45 do masculino e 34 do feminino. Todos os pacientes enquadravam-se nos critérios do estudo "NASCET" com comprometimento das artérias carótidas internas. Dos 79 pacientes, 43 foram tratados sem os sistemas de proteção e 36 pacientes foram tratados com sistema de proteção. Dos 36 pacientes tratados com sistema de proteção foram utilizados filtros de proteção (Angioguard e EPI). Observou-se melhora angiográfica em todos os 79 pacientes tratados. Ultrasom Doppler realizado após 6 meses mostrou artérias pérvias em todos os pacientes. Nos 43 pacientes tratados por "stent"/angioplastia sem a utilização de sistemas de proteção tivemos um paciente com déficit neurológico que perdurou por mais de 30 dias ("stroke major") e um óbito por transformação hemorrágica devido à reperfusão. Ocorreu síndrome de hiperperfusão em 1 paciente dos 36 pacientes tratados com o sistema de proteção, regredindo em 7 dias, sendo que nos demais não houve morbi-mortalidade. A angioplastia e "stent" no território carotídeo com a utilização de sistema de proteção é um método seguro com reduzida morbidade e mortalidade estando indicada nas lesões estenóticas das bifurcações carotídeas.

We evaluate the results of stenting and angioplasty on carotid bifurcation stenotic lesions using protection systems, emphasizing the indications and technical aspects. Seventy-nine patients, mean age 64.5 years were treated from February,1998 to March, 2003. All patients were included in NASCET study criteria. Forty three patients were treated without the protection systems and thirty six were treated with carotid protection filtering system (Angioguard, EPI). Technical success and 6-months carotid Doppler ultrasound follow-up showing stent patency were achieved in all patients. One major stroke and one death due to intracranial reperfusion bleeding occurred in patients treated without cerebral protection devices. Only one patient presenting hyper perfusion syndrome improving after 7 days, was found in the group treated with the cerebral protection filter mechanism, no other neurologic symptom or death occured in this group. Stenting and angioplasty with protection systems for thromboembolic debris is a safe endovascular method to treat stenotic lesions in the carotid bifurcation with low morbidity and mortality.