The most fascinating feature of heme-enzymes such as cytochromes P450 is their ability to carry out oxidations with high selectivity. Metalloporphyrin complexes are used as replicate compounds for cytochrome P450. A kinetic analysis has been carried out with the aim of understanding the mechanistic studies on oxidation of anilines by m-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by meso-tetraphenylironporphyrin(III) chloride in aqueous acetic acid medium. The order of the reaction is found to be second order with respect to the substrate and first order with respect to the catalyst and oxidant. Product analysis proves that azobenzene is the sole product in the catalytic oxidation. The increase of [H+] in this oxidation retards the rate of the reaction. The effects of substituents on the oxidation rate are studied with 19 ortho-, meta- and para- substituted anilines at five different temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters for the oxidation have been determined and discussed. The catalysed m-chloroperbenzoic acid oxidation with substituted anilines fulfills the isokinetic relationship and Exner correlation but not to any of the linear free energy relationships. The solvent interaction also plays a major role in leading the reactivity. Based on the kinetic results and product analysis a probable mechanism is proposed.

A new, single, stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of pioglitazone, glimepiride and glimepiride impurities i.e., related compound B and related compound C from combination drug product containing pioglitazone, glimepiride and metformin HCl. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a cyano stationary phase (250 x 4.6mm, 5.0 microns particles) with simple mobile phase combination delivered in gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.8mL min¹ at 230nm. In the developed method, the critical close eluting compound of glimepiride related compound B and related compound C was found more than 6.5 resolutions. This method is capable to detect glimepiride related compound B and related compound C at a level below 0.005% with respect to glimepiride sample concentration of 0.1mg mL-1 for a 25 µL injection volume. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines and proved suitable for routine and stability analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to measure the mortality rate and excess general mortality as well as identify groups at high risk for mortality among a cohort of tuberculosis patients treated in Chennai Corporation clinics in south India. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study we followed up 2674 patients (1800 males and 874 females) who were registered and treated under the DOTS strategy in Chennai Corporation clinics in 2000. The follow-up period from the date of start of treatment to either the date of interview, or death was 600 days. FINDINGS: The mortality rate among this cohort of tuberculosis patients was 60/1000 person-years. The excess general mortality expressed as standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 6.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4-6.9). Younger patients, men, patients with Category II disease, patients who defaulted on, or failed courses of treatment, and male smokers who were alcoholics, all had higher mortality ratios when compared to the rest of the cohort. CONCLUSION: The excess mortality in this cohort was six times more than that in the general population. Young age, male sex, smear-positivity, treatment default, treatment failure and the combination of smoking and alcoholism were identified as risk factors for tuberculosis mortality. We suggest that mortality rate and excess mortality be routinely used as a monitoring tool for evaluating the efficiency of the national control programme.

OBJETIVO: Decidimos medir la tasa de mortalidad y el exceso de mortalidad general, así como identificar los grupos con alto riesgo de mortalidad en una cohorte de enfermos tuberculosos tratados en consultorios de Chennai Corporation, en el sur de la India. MÉTODOS: En este estudio de cohortes retrospectivo seguimos a 2674 pacientes (1800 hombres y 874 mujeres) que se registraron y trataron en el marco de la estrategia DOTS en consultorios de Chennai Corporation en 2000. El periodo de seguimiento desde la fecha de comienzo del tratamiento hasta la fecha de la entrevista o la defunción fue de 600 días. RESULTADOS: La tasa de mortalidad en esa cohorte de pacientes con tuberculosis fue de 60/1000 años-persona. El exceso de mortalidad general expresado como razón de mortalidad normalizada (RMN) fue de 6,1 (intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95% = 5,4-6,9). Los pacientes más jóvenes, los hombres, los pacientes con enfermedad en la fase II, los pacientes perdidos o que dejaron el tratamiento y los fumadores varones alcohólicos presentaron todos ellos razones de mortalidad mayores en comparación con el resto de la cohorte. CONCLUSIÓN: El exceso de mortalidad en la cohorte considerada fue seis veces superior al de la población general. La edad temprana, el sexo masculino, la baciloscopia positiva, el abandono del tratamiento, el fracaso terapéutico y la combinación de tabaquismo y alcoholismo se revelaron como factores de riesgo de mortalidad por tuberculosis. Sugerimos que la tasa de mortalidad y el exceso de mortalidad se utilicen de forma sistemática como instrumentos de seguimiento para evaluar la eficiencia del programa nacional de control.

OBJECTIF: La présente étude a pour objectif de mesurer le taux de mortalité et la surmortalité générale, ainsi que d'identifier les groupes à haut risque parmi une cohorte de tuberculeux traités dans le dispensaire tenu par Chennai Corporation, au sud de l'Inde. MÉTHODES: Dans le cadre de cette étude rétrospective de cohorte, on a suivi 2674 malades (1800 hommes et 874 femmes) enregistrés et traités selon la stratégie DOTS dans le dispensaire de la Chennai Corporation en 2000. Le suivi, depuis la date de début de traitement jusqu'à la date de l'entretien ou du décès, a duré 600 jours. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de mortalité parmi la cohorte de tuberculeux était de 60/1000 personnes-ans. La surmortalité générale, exprimée sous forme de taux-type de mortalité (SMR), était de 6,1 [intervalle de confiance à 95 % (IC) = 5,4 - 6,9]. Les malades jeunes, de sexe masculin, atteints de tuberculose de catégorie II, n'ayant pas pris correctement leur traitement ou dont le traitement avait échoué, ainsi que les fumeurs de sexe masculin et alcooliques, présentaient tous des taux de mortalité plus élevés que le reste de la cohorte. CONCLUSION: La surmortalité dans cette cohorte était six fois plus élevée que dans la population générale. Les malades jeunes, de sexe masculin, à frottis positif, n'ayant pas pris correctement leur traitement ou présentant un échec thérapeutique, ou encore associant tabagisme et alcoolisme, ont été identifiés comme des sujets à risque à l'égard de la mortalité par la tuberculose. Il est donc proposé d'utiliser systématiquement le taux de mortalité et la surmortalité comme outils de surveillance pour évaluer l'efficacité des programmes nationaux de lutte contre la tuberculose.