ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. Results: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). Conclusion: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros médicos dos pacientes que solicitaram teleconsulta oftalmológica, no período de Junho de 2020 a Março de 2021. Os resultados incluem dados demográficos, sintomas de queixas oculares e hipóteses diagnósticas. Além disso, foram analisados dados da pesquisa de satisfação aplicada após cada teleconsulta. Resultados: Um total de 161 prontuários foram revisados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 45.98 ± 17.57 (8 a 90) anos, a maioria mulheres, 113 (70,20%). Apenas 57 (35,60%) eram pacientes acompanhados no hospital previamente. A principal razão pela busca pela teleconsulta foi o erro refracional, 73 (45.43%), seguido de olho seco, 16 (9.93%), pterígio, 13 (8.07%). Outros motivos foram o acompanhamento de doenças prévias como glaucoma, retinopatias, miopia, estrabismo e ceratocone. Quanto a pesquisa de satisfação, 151(93,87%) pacientes responderam a pesquisa on-line. A maioria deles mostrou-se satisfeito com a teleconsulta (94.03%) e fariam uma nova teleconsulta (90.06%). Conclusão: A teleconsulta pode auxiliar a saúde pública em oftalmologia podendo ser utilizada em hospitais universitários. Embora o erro refracional tenha sido o motivo mais frequente nas consultas, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com essa modalidade de atendimento que serve como um serviço de orientação.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine and analyze the usability metrics of a free mobile learning app for ophthalmology in Brazil. Methods: Metric data from the management dashboard of the CBOQUIZ app were used. All users registered on the platform between March 2019 and June 30, 2021 were included. The number of questions answered, number of correct answers, number of questions answered and correct answers by subject area, and user performance by geographic region were analyzed. Results: There were 458 active users during the research period and 107,245 questions answered (average, 234.16 questions per user). Of the questions answered, 81,600 (75.5%) were correct and 2,645 were incorrect. The states in Brazil with the best performance were Espírito Santo, Paraiba, and Paraná. The subject area with the lowest hit rate was basic sciences (69.1%), within which embryology demonstrated the lowest hit rate (58.28%). The posterior segment had the highest number of questions answered, followed by miscellaneous topics and the anterior segment. Questions on strabismus were the least answered. Conclusion: The app was used consistently throughout the period studied, and participants adhered to this teaching modality. Performance asymmetry was observed across the Brazil states. The CBOQUIZ app can be used to homogenize ophthalmology teaching in the country. Purpose Methods 201 30 202 included analyzed Results 45 107245 107 245 107,24 average, average (average 23416 234 16 234.1 user. . user) 81600 81 600 81,60 75.5% 755 75 5 (75.5% 2645 2 645 2,64 incorrect Santo Paraiba Paraná 69.1%, 691 69.1% , 69 1 (69.1%) 58.28%. 5828 58.28% 58 28 (58.28%) Conclusion studied modality country 20 3 4 10724 10 24 107,2 2341 23 234. 8160 8 60 81,6 75.5 7 (75.5 264 64 2,6 69.1 6 (69.1% 582 58.28 (58.28% 1072 107, 816 81, 75. (75. 26 2, 69. (69.1 58.2 (58.28 (75 (69. 58. (58.2 (7 (69 (58. ( (6 (58 (5

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros médicos dos pacientes que solicitaram teleconsulta oftalmológica, no período de Junho de 2020 a Março de 2021. Os resultados incluem dados demográficos, sintomas de queixas oculares e hipóteses diagnósticas. Além disso, foram analisados dados da pesquisa de satisfação aplicada após cada teleconsulta. Resultados: Um total de 161 prontuários foram revisados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 45.98 ± 17.57 (8 a 90) anos, a maioria mulheres, 113 (70,20%). Apenas 57 (35,60%) eram pacientes acompanhados no hospital previamente. A principal razão pela busca pela teleconsulta foi o erro refracional, 73 (45.43%), seguido de olho seco, 16 (9.93%), pterígio, 13 (8.07%). Outros motivos foram o acompanhamento de doenças prévias como glaucoma, retinopatias, miopia, estrabismo e ceratocone. Quanto a pesquisa de satisfação, 151(93,87%) pacientes responderam a pesquisa on-line. A maioria deles mostrou-se satisfeito com a teleconsulta (94.03%) e fariam uma nova teleconsulta (90.06%). Conclusão: A teleconsulta pode auxiliar a saúde pública em oftalmologia podendo ser utilizada em hospitais universitários. Embora o erro refracional tenha sido o motivo mais frequente nas consultas, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com essa modalidade de atendimento que serve como um serviço de orientação.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. Results: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). Conclusion: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance.

RESUMO Introdução: Estima-se que 23% da população brasileira não tenha acesso ao oftalmologista, devido, principalmente, à falta de recursos do Sistema Público de Saúde e à distribuição geográfica irregular dos especialistas. É possível que seja caro formar oftalmologistas no Brasil. Assim, é compreensível que a maioria dos profissionais optem para ficar próximos dos grandes centros consumidores, onde estão as melhores remunerações. Objetivo: Estimar o custo para a formação de um oftalmologista e as condições do mercado de trabalho para que ele recupere o investimento. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico em bases de dados de fontes governamentais e de instituições relacionadas à regulamentação do sistema de saúde ocular. Resultados: Estimou-se que o custo para formação de um oftalmologista seja de R$ 592.272,00. Após a especialização, caso ele empenhe todo seu rendimento para reaver o valor gasto em sua formação, precisaria de 5,2 anos para atingir o ponto de equilíbrio. Conclusão: Jovens médicos oriundos de famílias incapazes de arcar com o custo de sua formação e de seu sustento, por pelo menos 14 anos após o início da graduação, dificilmente conseguirão se especializar em Oftalmologia, se não conseguirem realizar seus estudos em instituições públicas de ensino. E aqueles que conseguem se especializar, provavelmente optem por exercer a profissão em grandes centros urbanos, onde está a maior parte das oportunidades de trabalho, a fim de, a médio prazo, conseguir, pelo menos, recuperar o investimento financeiro na formação.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is estimated that 23% of the Brazilian population does not have access to an ophthalmologist, mainly because of the irregular geographical distribution of experts. It may be expensive to train ophthalmologists in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the cost of training an ophthalmologist and the labor market conditions so that the provider recovers the investment. Methods: Epidemiological study in databases from governmental sources and institutions related to the eye health system regulation. Results: The cost for training an ophthalmologist would be equal to R$ 592.272,00. After specialization, if the provider pledged all his/her income to recover the amount spent on training, it would take 5.2 years to reach the point of equilibrium. Conclusion: Young doctors from families unable to afford the cost of their education and support for at least 14 years after the beginning of the undergraduate course will hardly be able to specialize in Ophthalmology if they are unable to carry out their studies in public educational institutions. And those who can specialize are likely to choose to practice their profession in large urban centers, where most of the job opportunities are available, to at least recover the financial investment in training in the medium term.

The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in corneal donation and transplantation among the regions of Brazil. A transversal and retrospective study was specifically conducted using data from the Brazilian Transplant Registry collected by the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplantation between January 2002 and December 2014. The collected data were processed using descriptive statistical methods, and p<0.05 was the rate of rejection of the null hypothesis. From 2002 to 2014, there was an increase in the absolute number of corneal transplants, the annual rate of transplants per million people and the percentage of needed transplants performed in each of the five regions of Brazil. Family refusal and medical contraindication were the most frequent reasons for a lack of corneal donation. Although remarkable progress has been made in the last decade in each of the five Brazilian regions, health professionals’ lack of preparation to approach families with donation requests at the death of a family member appears to be the main obstacle to increasing the number of corneal donations. Thus, the present study suggests the implementation of public policies to make corneal transplants more effective, particularly given that there are considerable disparities in the effectiveness with which regional needs are met and in health professionals’ ability to perform transplants among the Brazilian regions, with higher rates in the South, Southeast and Midwest regions and lower rates in the North and Northeast regions.

OBJETIVO: Elaborar e validar o questionário de qualidade de vida na versão do idioma português. MÉTODOS: O questionário "Cataract TyPESpecification" modificado foi desenvolvido especificamente para avaliar a qualidade de vida pós-cirurgia de catarata. O questionário avaliou 10 itens status funcionais por meio de 18 perguntas. Foi aplicado por um único examinador, com o objetivo de graduar a satisfação visual de 0 a 10 (0 muito insatisfeito; 5 neutro; 10 muito satisfeito). Houve estudo prospectivo comparativo, não randomizado, que incluiu 142 olhos de 71 pacientes com catarata da Universidade de São Paulo. A avaliação oftalmológica contou com medida da acuidade visual para longa, intermediária e curta distâncias, sem correção e com a melhor correção óptica e questionário de satisfação. Foi submetido a um questionário de satisfação quanto à acuidade visual e fenômenos fóticos. Todos os exames foram realizados com 6 meses de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 60,7 ± 6,6 anos no grupo Tecnis, 63,1 ± 4,4 anos no grupo Restor e 63,7 ± 4,2 anos no grupo SN60AT/SN60WF. A acuidade visual para perto não-corrigida e a corrigida para longe foram estatisticamente superiores nos grupos Restor® e Tecnis® comparadas ao grupo SN60AT/SN60WF (p<0,001). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos quando comparadas a acuidade visual para longe não-corrigida e a melhor corrigida (p=0,56). O questionário de satisfação apresentou maior independência de óculos a favor da Tecnis® (9,3/10) e Restor® (8,7/10), mas com mais queixas de halos (Restor® 18,8%; Tecnis® 21,7%) e glare (Restor® 25%; Tecnis® 26,1%) do que no grupo SN60AT/SN60WF. CONCLUSÃO: A Restor® e Tecnis® apresentaram melhor acuidade visual para perto do que o grupo SN60AT/SN60WF. As lentes Restor® e Tecnis® apresentaram maior satisfação na visão de perto e independência do uso de óculos e fenômenos fóticos do que as lentes monofocais. O questionário "Cataract TyPESpecification" foi uma variável importante na qualidade de vida e satisfação do paciente após a cirurgia de catarata.

PURPOSE: Development and validation of quality of life questionnaire in pseudophakic patients in Portuguese. METHODS: The modified Cataract TyPESpecification questionnaire was specifically developed to assess quality of life after cataract surgery, functional status evaluated with 10 items and contains 18 questions. All questions were applied by a single examiner, with the goal of graduating visual satisfaction from 0 to 10 (0 means very dissatisfied, 5 neutral, 10 very satisfied).This prospective comparative study included 142 eyes of 71 patients in Sao Paulo University. The ophthalmologic evaluation performed included near, intermediate and distance corrected and uncorrected visual acuity and quality of life questionaire. The minimum follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 60.7± 6.6 years in theTecnis®MF, 63.1 ±4.4 years in-groupRestor®63.7±4.2 years in-group SN60AT/SN60WF. Uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuity were statistically higher in theRestor® and Tecnis® groups compared to the SN60AT/SN60WF group (p<0.001). There were no statistical differences between groups comparing uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuity (p=0.56). Satisfaction questionnaire showed high glasses independence fortheTecnis®MF (9.3 /10) and Restor® (8.7 /10), but with more unsatisfied of halos (18.8% Restor®, Tecnis®21, 7%) and glare (Restor® 25%;Tecnis®26.1%) than the group SN60AT/SN60WF. CONCLUSION: Cataract patients who received multifocal (Restor®; Tecnis®MF) IOLs at time of surgery obtained better uncorrected and distance corrected near visual acuity and reported better overall vision, less limitation in visual function, less spectacle dependency, and more glare or halo than those who received monofocal (SN60AT; SN60WF) IOLs. Cataract TyPESpecification questionnaire was a strong predictor of change in patient satisfaction caused by cataract surgery.