Abstract The restriction of nutrient intake by beef cows during pregnancy may influence the progeny postpartum growth potential, therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional restriction and adequate nutrition or overfeeding during the final third of gestation of the crossbred cows (Charolais x Nellore) kept in the Pampa biome, on the productive performance of the progeny up to 15 mo of age. Eighty-three (83) cows were divided into: control cows on natural pasture under nutritional restriction (RES); Supplementation to meet 100 % of requirements (REQ); Supplementation above requirements (HIGH). REQ and HIGH calves had higher body weight at birth compared to calves from RES cows (39.28, 39.13 vs 34.58 kg), without influences on postnatal performance. Females from REQ and HIGH cows presented better postnatal performance and consequently higher weight at 12 mo of age in compared to offspring RES cows (300.71 and 311.79 vs 259.47 kg). These female calves reached 60 % of early adult weight (358 and 345 vs 405 d) and had a higher percentage of breeding at twelve months of age (73.98 and 84.08 vs 34.08 %) than females from RES cows. Supplementing cows to meet 100% requirements, as well as overfeeding during the final third of gestation, improves offspring performance at twelve months of age, with males and females responding differently to maternal nutritional insults during this period.

Resumen La restricción de la ingesta de nutrientes por parte de las vacas de carne durante la gestación puede influir en el potencial de crecimiento posparto de la progenie, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la restricción nutricional y de la nutrición adecuada o la sobrealimentación durante el último tercio de la gestación de las vacas cruzadas (Charolais x Nellore) criadas en el bioma pampeano, sobre el rendimiento productivo de la progenie hasta los 15 meses de edad. Ochenta y tres (83) vacas se dividieron en tres tipos de tratamiento: vacas de control en pastos naturales bajo restricción nutricional (RES); suplementación para satisfacer el 100 % de las necesidades (REQ); suplementación por encima de las necesidades (ALTO). Los terneros nacidos de vacas con tratamiento REQ y ALTO tuvieron un mayor peso corporal al nacimiento que los terneros de las vacas con tratamiento RES (39.28, 39.13 vs 34.58 kg), sin que esto haya influido en el rendimiento postnatal. Las hembras de las vacas con tratamiento REQ y ALTO presentaron un mejor rendimiento postnatal y, en consecuencia, un mayor peso a los 12 meses de edad en comparación con las crías de las vacas con tratamiento RES (300.71 y 311.79 frente a 259.47 kg). Estos terneros alcanzaron el 60 % del peso adulto temprano (358 y 345 vs 405 d) y tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de reproducción a los doce meses de edad (73.98 y 84.08 vs 34.08 %) que las hembras nacidas de las vacas con tratamiento RES. La suplementación de las vacas para satisfacer el 100 % de las necesidades, así como la sobrealimentación durante el último tercio de la gestación, mejora el rendimiento de las crías a los doce meses de edad, y los machos y las hembras responden de forma diferente a los insultos nutricionales de la madre durante este periodo.

RESUMO O presente estudo analisou e comparou o consumo diário de alimentos de origem animal em onze comunidades dos rios do Baixo Amazonas, Trombetas, e Purus, representando três diferentes sistemas de manejo e níveis de conservação na Amazônia brasileira. Todos os alimentos de origem animal foram pesados em pelo menos 10% das famílias das comunidades estudadas, durante uma semana em cada período do ciclo hidrológico, entre 2006 e 2008. O peixe foi o alimento mais importante, sendo consumido seis dias por semana, com uma taxa média de 169 kg.pessoa-1.ano-1. Carne de caça foi o segundo alimento em importância, com 37 kg.pessoa-1.ano-1. A taxa anual de consumo de peixe é uma das mais altas do mundo e é quase o dobro do mínimo recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os padrões alimentares refletem ambos o isolamento das comunidades dos grandes centros urbanos e a melhor preservação dos ambientes locais em função da existência de áreas protegidas. A degradação ambiental pode assim ter efeitos sobre a saúde e segurança alimentar das populações locais. Este estudo enfatiza a necessidade da implementação de políticas públicas e iniciativas de manejo participativo.

ABSTRACT The present study analyzed and compared the daily consumption of foods of animal origin in eleven communities of the Lower Amazon, Trombetas and Purus Rivers, representing three different management systems and levels of conservation in the Brazilian Amazon. All food items of animal origin were weighed by at least 10% of the families in the study communities during a week in each period of the flood cycle between 2006 and 2008. Fish was the most important food, and was consumed during six days of the week, with an average rate of 169 kg.person-1.year-1. Game was second in importance, with 37 kg.person-1.year-1. This yearly rate of fish consumption is one of the highest in the world and is almost double the minimum recommended by the World Health Organization. The dietary patterns reflect both the isolation of the communities from large urban centers and the better preservation of the local environments due to the existence of protected areas. Environmental degradation may thus have effects on the health and food security of local populations. The study emphasizes the need for the implementation of public policies and participative management initiatives.