Abstract Periodontal regeneration faces multiple challenges, the most important being cellular insufficiency. In an attempt to improve defect cellularity, we aimed to demonstrate enhancing cellular attraction using arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) adhesion molecule legend blended hydrogel within the intrabony defects. Methodology Forty-five intrabony defects were selected from patients with stage III or IV - grade A or B periodontitis and divided randomly into three equal groups of 15 each: group1 (G1): received minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) alone, group2 (G2): received MIST and placebo hydrogel injection, and group3 (G3): were treated with MIST and RGD hydrogel injection. Primary outcomes 6 months following therapy were; defect base fill (DBF) and defect width measurement (DW); secondary outcomes were clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and biochemical analysis of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) evaluated at 1,7,14 and 21 days following therapy. Results Significant improvements in DBF, CAL, and PD were observed in the three studied groups 6 months following therapy compared to baseline (p<0.05). A significant improvement in DBF was reported in G3 compared to G1 and 2 (p=0.005). Additionally, a significantly higher CAL gain was reported in G3 compared to that of G1 (p=0.02). Group 3 was associated with a significantly higher level of BMP-2 compared to G1 and G2 in all reported periods. Conclusion RGD peptide carried on a hydrogel delivery agent and contained with a minimally invasive flap could be a reliable option in improving the outcomes of periodontal therapy.

Resumo Este estudo investigou o efeito do ácido fítico (IP6) em diferentes concentrações e tempos de aplicação na resistência da ligação microtensiva (µTBS) e na integridade interfacial do adesivo universal à dentina profunda. As superfícies planas de dentina profunda de 48 molares humanos foram preparadas com ácido fosfórico (PA) a 37% durante 15 seg. (controlo); ou não receberam tratamento ácido e o adesivo universal foi aplicado diretamente em modo de auto-adesivo (SE); ou dividido de acordo com a concentração de IP6 (C) em dois grupos principais: C1, 0,5%, e C2, 1%. Os espécimes dos grupos IP6 foram ainda subdivididos em três subgrupos de acordo com o tempo de aplicação do IP6 (T) em que; T1, 15 seg; T2, 30 seg e T3, 60 seg. Aplicou-se então Single Bond Universal Adhesive e construíram-se blocos compostos de resina. Quarenta espécimes foram então seccionados para produzir feixes de resina/dentina que foram usados para testes µTBS usando uma máquina de testes universal. Os restantes oito espécimes foram seccionados em placas que foram imersas em solução amoniacal de nitrato de prata e observou-se uma nano-infiltração utilizando um microscópio eletrônico de varrimento de emissões de campo (FE-SEM). Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de IP6 em 0,5% e 1% produziu µTBS significativamente mais elevado e menos nano-infiltração em comparação com os grupos PA e SE. Além disso, a aplicação de IP6 durante 60 seg registou o µTBS mais alto e o mais baixo de nano-infiltração seguido de 30 seg, e 15 seg respectivamente. Portanto, o condicionamento da dentina profunda com IP6 melhora o µTBS e a integridade interfacial do adesivo universal à dentina profunda em comparação com a gravação de PA ou utilizando o adesivo universal no modo SE.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of phytic acid (IP6) in different concentrations and application times on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and interfacial integrity of universal adhesive to deep dentin. Flat deep dentin surfaces of 48 human molars were either etched with 37% phosphoric acid (PA) for 15 sec (control); or received no acid treatment and universal adhesive was applied directly in a self-etch mode (SE); or divided according to IP6 concentration (C) into two main groups: C1, 0.5%, and C2, 1%. Specimens of IP6 groups were further subdivided into three subgroups according to application time of IP6 (T) where; T1, 15 sec; T2, 30 sec and T3, 60 sec. Single Bond Universal Adhesive was then applied and resin composite blocks were built-up. Forty Specimens were then sectioned to produce resin/dentin beams that were used for µTBS testing using a universal testing machine. The remaining eight specimens were sectioned into slabs that were immersed into ammonical silver nitrate solution and nanoleakage was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results showed that the application of IP6 in 0.5% and 1% produced significantly higher µTBS and less nanoleakage compared to PA and SE groups. Also, the application of IP6 for 60 sec recorded the highest µTBS and the lowest nanoleakage followed by 30 sec, and 15 sec respectively. Therefore, conditioning of deep dentin with IP6 enhances µTBS and interfacial integrity of universal adhesive to deep dentin in comparison to PA etching or using the universal adhesive in SE mode.

Abstract Highly nutritional and functional properties of chia seeds would make it unique than other grains. Considering its known properties chia can be used as an important food ingredient. These are rich in fiber, ash, protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and antioxidants. Higher proportion of protein having greater biological value with essential amino acids and high dietary fiber content prevents several metabolic disorders and obesity. It is also consist of PUFA helpful in lowering cardiovascular diseases. Rusks were supplemented with chia flour at a rate ranging 5 to 20% with the goal to modify the fiber content, nutritional contents and physicochemical properties. The obtained results were highly significant and showed increasing trend in dietary fiber and PUFA values. Texture values decreased significantly. Sensory evaluation showed significant (p<0.05) differences in color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. Most acceptable treatment was with 5% chia flour supplementation with a mean score of 8.10. Hence, Chia flour-supplemented rusks up to 5% addition level could be utilized as a convenience food and vehicle of improved nutritional status with health beneficial bioactive compounds. Moreover, supplementation of chia flour led to improvement of functional properties of wheat rusks as a valuable source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds.

Abstract Food is a basic human right since it is necessary for survival. Unsafe food threatens billions of people throughout the world. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people grow sick and die. Microbial, chemical, personal, and environmental hygiene are all issues that the food chain faces from farm to fork/plate. Human tragedies and economic disasters have been reported in the past as a result of purposeful or inadvertent personal behavior and government inability to ensure food safety and quality. The issue of food safety has gotten a lot of press. As a result, a Food Safety Information Platform (FSIP) based on machine learning and open data with a Chatbot based on cloud computing (MLODCCC) architecture was developed, which includes a nice Facebook hyperlink and chatbot interface for locating trustworthy food safety knowledge. Rumors about the safety of food goods instill fear in people, leading to a broad boycott and, as a result, significant economic loss. This study looked into the function of rumors among friends. The findings suggested that people choose to use news media information in interaction with friends because it is seen to be more reliable than other resources.

Religious beliefs are defined as thinking, feeling and behaving in accordance with the beliefs and teachings of a religious system. In other words, religious beliefs are indicative of the role of religion in the individual and social life of people, as well as adherence to values and beliefs in daily life, performing religious practices and rituals and participating in activities of religious organisations. Religious beliefs are a set of dos and don'ts, and values are considered one of the most important psychological supports that can provide meaning in all moments of life and save a person from meaninglessness by providing explanatory support in specific situations. In addition, work conscience is defined as a feeling of inner commitment to comply with agreed-upon requirements for work. In other words, work conscience means heartfelt satisfaction and practical commitment to the tasks that a person is supposed to perform properly, in a way that there will be no negligence in performing the duty even if no supervisor oversees the activity. Given the significant role of nurses in hospitals, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the religious beliefs of healthcare employees have become more important. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of religious beliefs on the work conscience of 1800 Muslim nurses in Iraq during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Standard questionnaires were applied to assess the respondents' religious beliefs and work conscience. In addition, data analyses (Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, etc.) were performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). According to the results, religious beliefs have a positive effect on nurses' work conscience (p = 0.822). CONTRIBUTION: The findings of this study showed that the employees of an organisation, especially nurses and healthcare staff, can rely on their religious beliefs and benefit from their advantages in order to strengthen their work conscience during a hard time such as the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The wheat variety NIA-Shaheen (CIM-04-10) has high grain yield and modern plant architecture. It has wide adaptability, increased tiller production, bold grains, high starch and protein content, and good tolerance to disease and environmental stresses, particularly water stress. NIA-Shaheen has high yield potential (7184 kg ha-1).

Background: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) prepared clinical pharmacist competencies that have specific recommendations. Recently, many efforts to advance clinical pharmacy services in Egypt exist. The literature revealed that no country has assessed the extent of applicability of ACCP competencies in its current pharmacy practice setting. Egyptian pharmacists can provide feedback about applicability of such competencies in clinical pharmacy settings in Egypt. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which ACCP competencies were implemented by Egyptian clinical pharmacists and thereforeevaluate development of clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. The study also investigated factors affecting the applicability of such competencies in the current clinical pharmacy practice setting in Egypt. Methods: Four hundred and ninety-five randomly selected clinical pharmacists from several hospitals were invited to participate in a cross sectional survey using a self-administered validated questionnaire composed of 31 questions classified into six domains. This questionnaire was designed to determine the pharmacists’ perception about applicability of ACCP competencies to clinical pharmacy practice in Egypt. Results: The response rate was 64% as 317 out of 495 pharmacists completed the questionnaire. These pharmacists were categorized according to age; gender; qualifications; years of previous work experience, years since BSc. and type of hospitals they are currently working at. Analysis of data revealed the professionalism domain to have the highest percentage of acceptance among pharmacists, while the system-based care & population health domain had the lowest percentage of acceptance. Results also showed that qualifications of participants did not affect their response in three domains; “Direct Patient Care”, “Systems-based Care & Population Health” and “Continuing Professional Development” (p=0.082, 0.081, 0.060), respectively. Nevertheless, qualifications of participants did affect their response in the other three domains; “Pharmacotherapy Knowledge”, “Communication” and “Professionalism” (p<0.05). The age of pharmacists, gender, years of previous workexperience, and graduation year did not affect their responses in all six domains. The type of hospital they are currently working at, though, affected their responses where, there was a highly statistically significant increase of the mean score of all domains among participants working at the NGOs/private hospitals compared to governmental hospitals (p<0.001). Conclusions: Egyptian pharmacists generally apply high percentage of ACCP competencies but the provided clinical pharmacy services need to be improved through applying the standards of best practice.

RESUMO Introdução: O carcinoma colorretal é o câncer mais comum do trato gastrointestinal. É o terceiro tipo de câncer mais observado no sexo masculino mundialmente, atrás dos cânceres de pulmão e próstata. É o quarto câncer mais observado no sexo feminino, atrás dos cânceres de mama, pulmão e útero. As mortes por câncer colorretal são mais comuns comparadas a outros cânceres do TGI. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é comprovar dados epidemiológicos e clínicos do câncer colorretal. Métodos: Nosso estudo foi conduzido na província de Misan, no Iraque. Os dados foram coletados de 2013 a 2016. Setenta e um pacientes apresentaram câncer colorretal. Sexo, idade, local de residência, local do câncer, história familiar, história pregressa, ano de início, história de tabagismo, etilismo, apresentação, estadiamento e padrão histopatológico foram obtidos. Resultados: A prevalência de carcinoma de cólon e reto é de 3,75%. A faixa etária mais afetada foi de 51 a 60 anos, com 30,99%. O gênero e o local de residência dos pacientes não afetam a porcentagem de ocorrência do câncer. Obesidade, antecedentes familiares, tabagismo e consumo de álcool são fatores de risco. 42,25% dos pacientes tinha história familiar de câncer. Conclusão: O local mais comum de carcinoma colorretal é o cólon esquerdo, com 61,97%. Houve aumento na detecção de novos casos de carcinoma colorretal de 2013 a 2016. Os estágios avançados de câncer mais comuns foram IIIA, IIIB, IIIC e IV em 12,67%, 16,90%, 19,72% e 15,49% dos casos. O padrão histopatológico comum é o adenocarcinoma diferenciado, em 53,52% dos casos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Colorectal carcinoma is commonest cancer of gastrointestinal tract. It is represent third cancer in man worldwide beyond lung and prostate cancers. It is fourth cancer in woman beyond breast, lung and uterus cancers. Deaths from colorectal cancer are more in compare with other GIT cancers. Objective: The aim is prove epidemiological and clinical data of colorectal cancer. Method: Our study conducted in Misan Province, Iraq. The data collected from 2013 to 2016. Seventy one patients that found have colorectal cancer. Gender, age, residency, site of cancer, family history, past history, year of onset, smoking history, alcohol intake, presentation, staging and histopathology pattern are get. Results: Prevalence of colon and rectum carcinoma is 3.75%. The most age group affected was 51–60 years as 30.99%. The gender and residency of patients have no effect on cancer percent. Obesity, Family history, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption risk factors. In 42.25% of patients had family history of cancer. Conclusion: Most common site of colorectal carcinoma left colon, which present in 61.97%. There is increase in new cases detection of colorectal carcinoma from 2013 to 2016. Advanced stages cancer were most common stages description as IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and IV in 12.67%, 16.90%, 19.72% and 15.49%. The common histopathological pattern is differentiated adenocarcinoma as 53.52%.

Abstract Pan-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, being resistant to most available antibiotics, represent a huge threat to the medical community. Colistin is considered the last therapeutic option for patients in hospital settings. Thus, we were concerned in this study to demonstrate the membrane permeabilizing activity of colistin focusing on investigating its efficiency toward those pan-drug resistant isolates which represent a critical situation. We determined the killing dynamics of colistin against pan-drug resistant isolates. The permeability alteration was confirmed by different techniques as: leakage, electron microscopy and construction of an artificial membrane model; liposomes. Moreover, selectivity of colistin against microbial cells was also elucidated. Colistin was proved to be rapid bactericidal against pan-drug resistant isolates. It interacts with the outer bacterial membrane leading to deformation of its outline, pore formation, leakage of internal contents, cell lysis and finally death. Furthermore, variations in membrane composition of eukaryotic and microbial cells provide a key for colistin selectivity toward bacterial cells. Colistin selectively alters membrane permeability of pan-drug resistant isolates which leads to cell lysis. Colistin was proved to be an efficient last line treatment for pan-drug resistant infections which are hard to treat.

RESUMO Tem se passado 15 anos desde que o anticorpo monoclonal trastuzumab, direcionado contra a proteina HER2, foi introduzido na clinica e revolucionou o tratamento de pacientes com câncer de mama HER2-positivo. Apesar disto, a maioria das pacientes com câncer de mama metastático e HER2-positivo ainda mostram progressão da doença, destacando a necessidade de desenvolver novas terapias. O interesse contínuo em novas moléculas alvo levou ao desenvolvimento do pertuzumab, o primeiro agente de uma nova classe, os inibidores da dimerização de HER. Pertuzumab é um novo anticorpo humanizado recombinante dirigido contra o domínio II extracelular da proteína HER2 que é necessário para a heterodimerização de HER2 com outros receptores HER, o que conduz à ativação de vias de sinalização intracelular. O pertuzumab combinado com trastuzumab e docetaxel foi aprovado como terapia de primeira linha para pacientes com câncer de mama metastático HER2-positivo e é atualmente indicado como padrão de tratamento para estas pacientes. Como terapia neoadjuvante, o medicamento recebeu aprovação do FDA em 2013. Além disso, o pertuzumab também está sendo avaliado como terapia adjuvante. O potencial do pertuzumab se baseia no bloqueio completo do eixo HER2/3 quando administrado em associação com o trastuzumab. Este artigo sintetiza dados pré-clínicos e clínicos do pertuzumab e destaca os mecanismos de ação complementares que explicam a atividade sinérgica da combinação pertuzumab-trastuzumab.

ABSTRACT It has now been 15 years since the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab was introduced in clinical and revolutionized the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Despite this achievement, most patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer still show progression of their disease, highlighting the need for new therapies. The continuous interest in novel targeted agents led to the development of pertuzumab, the first in a new class of agents, the HER dimerization inhibitors. Pertuzumab is a novel recombinant humanized antibody directed against extracellular domain II of HER2 protein that is required for the heterodimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, leading to the activation of downstream signalling pathways. Pertuzumab combined with trastuzumab plus docetaxel was approved for the first-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and is currently used as a standard of care in this indication. In the neoadjuvant setting, the drug was granted FDA-accelerated approval in 2013. Pertuzumab is also being evaluated in the adjuvant setting. The potential of pertuzumab relies in the dual complete blockade of the HER2/3 axis when administered with trastuzumab. This paper synthetises preclinical and clinical data on pertuzumab and highlights the mechanisms underlying the synergistic activity of the combination pertuzumab-trastuzumab which are essentially due to their complementary mode of action.

Purpose To assess the outcome of transurethral plasmakinetic vaporization (PKVP) in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods From August 2010 to May 2012, 60 patients with obstructive LUTS due to BPH were included in the study. All patients were evaluated by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), general examination, digital rectal examination, PSA, routine laboratory examinations, pelvi-abdominal ultrasound, trans-rectal ultrasound, and uroflowmetry. Patients with Qmax of <10 mL/sec., an IPSS of >8 and a prostate volume of >40 mL underwent transurethral PKVP. Results Mean age of the patients was 66.8±4.5 years. The mean times of the operation, post-operative bladder irrigation, and post-operative catheterization were 63.8±13.9 minutes, 15.2±5.7 hours, and 23.9±5.2 hours, respectively. At 3 months of follow-up, there were significant reductions in the mean IPSS from 23.4±3.5 to 9.2±3.7 (P=0.4), mean PSA from 3.03±2.2 ng/mL to 1.2±1.04 ng/mL (P value=0.02), mean post voiding residual urine from 149.8±59.5 mL to 46.9±24.1 mL (P value <0.01), and mean prostate volume from 72.8±10.3 mL to 22.7±6.1 mL (P value <0.01). Also, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean Q max. from 8.7±2.4 mL/s to 19.5±3.5 mL/s (P value <0.01). Conclusion PKVP is an effective and safe treatment option in the management of symptomatic BPH.

Este estudio presenta una exploración aeromagnética para delimitar la estructura subsuperficial y el marco tectónico del distrito de Fayoum-Cairo, que sufrió un terremoto el 12 de octubre de 1992 de magnitud M=5.7. Los análisis de datos sismicidad y aeromagnéticos señalan tres fallas tectónicas significativas con tendencias NE-SO, NO-SE y E-O. El subsuelo se elevó en el norte y en el centro a una profundidad de 1,3 kilómetros, y se hundió en el sur con una profundidad de 2,5 kilómetros. Esta es una zona sísmicamente activa que en su historia ha tenido terremotos dañinos. En 1847 tuvo lugar un terremoto con intensidad epicentral máxima (escala sismológica de Mercalli) de VII. En el lado este se estudiaron las fuentes de terremotos en diferentes partes. Estas fuentes crearon eventos de magnitud moderada M<5. Los mecanismos focales de los eventos principales en estas fuentes son generalmente fallas de desgarre con componente normal. El mecanismo focal del terremoto del 12 de octubre de 1992 es una falla tipo normal con fuertes movimientos NO-SE. Las soluciones de estas fallas son consistentes con las tendencias tectónicas de los datos aeromagnéticos antes mencionados y sugieren que la nueva tectónica del noreste de África es predominante.

An aeromagnetic reconnaissance study is presented to delineate the subsurface structure and tectonic setting at the Fayoum-Cairo district, which experienced a damaging earthquake on October 12, 1992 of magnitude (M = 5.7). Analysis of aeromagnetic and seismicity data demonstrate three significant tectonic faults with trending to the NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W. The basement is uplifted in the northern and central parts with a depth of 1.3 km, and deepening in the southern part with a depth of 2.5 km. This is a seismically active zone and historically has experienced damaging earthquakes. In 1847, a damaging earthquake with maximum epicentral intensity (Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) = VII) was located there. On the eastern side, earthquake sources are well recognized at different locations. These sources created events of moderate size magnitude M < 5. The focal mechanisms of the major events from these sources are generally strike-slip with normal component. The focal mechanism of the earthquake on October 12, 1992 is normal fault type with strike trends in the NW-SE direction. These fault plane solutions are consistent with the tectonic trends derived from the aeromagnetic data mentioned above and suggest that the new tectonics of northeast Africa is predominant.

En el presente trabajo, aplicamos la Técnica de Fuente Electromagnética Controlada (CSEM) para obtenerla imagen del centro dinámico de la migración de las fracturas, fisuras y grietas de la superficie somera en una nueva área de vivienda en la ciudad de 15 de mayo cerca a El Cairo. Esta zona constituye el centro de la debilidad del subsuelo, que a su vez, interactúacon el centro de peso de la construcción que ha llevado a colapsos catastróficos. La técnica de Control de Fuente electromagnética se ha desarrollado recientemente para monitorearla migración del centro de la debilidad, representados por la acumulación de fisuras y grietas de la superficie somera. Tres perfiles compuestos se han recogido en 2008. Este estudio se ha seguido realizando con dos perfiles en 2010. Uno de estos perfiles se ha repetido para observar los cambios, y el segundo perfil se ha medido entre los otros dos perfiles de 2008. El último perfil se ha realizado para estudiar la relación mutua entre las mediciones de los dos ciclos. Los objetivos de todo el proceso es validar la eficacia de la técnica para recoger los mínimos cambios del centro de la debilidad, y así, estudiar su relación con el centro de peso de construcciones cercanas, para recomendar un procedimiento que reduzca al mínimo la destrucción de los recursosen el sitio de la investigación. Los datos medidos se haninterpretado y representado en gráficos que muestran la distribución de la heterogeneidad de los parámetros geo-eléctricos en el subsuelo; además, en una serie de seccionescruzadas geoeléctrica se representa las frecuenciasutilizadasdurante el estudio. El estudio concluye que (1) el centro de la zona agrietada se mueve hacia arriba cerca de la superficie de la tierra, (2) el contenido de agua está bajando, produciendola sequedad del suelo apoca profundidad, y (3) el sitio se volviómás estable en 2010 que en 2008, sin embargo, los producto de la destrucción siguen susceptiblesa colapsos.Además, la situación refleja la relación entre el contenido de agua y los cambios en el centro de debilidad.

In the present work, we involve the Control Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) Technique to image the dynamic migration center of the near surface fractures, fissures, and cracks in anew dwelling area at 15th of May city close to Cairo. This area forms the center of the zonal weakness of the subsoil, which in turn, interact with the weight center of the construction leading to catastrophic collapses. The control source electromagnetic technique has been developed recently to monitor the migration of the weakness center represented as the accumulative fissures and cracks in the near surface. Three composite profiles of wide and planshet mesh data have been collected in 2008. This survey has been followed by performing two profiles in 2010; one ofthese profiles has been repeated to observe the situation changes, and the second profile has been measured between the other two profiles of 2008. The last profile had been performed to study the mutual relation between the measurements of the two cycles. The objectives of the whole process are to validate the capability of the technique to pick the minor changes of the weakness center, consequently, study its relation to the weight center of the adjacent construction to produce a recommended procedure to minimize the destruction resources at the site of investigation. The measured data has been interpreted and represented in graphs showing the distribution of the heterogeneity of the geoelectric parameters in the subsoil, furthermore, in a series of geoelectric cross section representing the applied frequencies used during the survey. The study concludes that (1) the center of the cracked zone is moving upward closer to the surface of the ground and heaver, (2) the water content is moving downward producing soil dryness at the shallow depths, and (3) the site became more stable in 2010 than 2008, however, the destruction resources remain warning with collapse events. Furthermore, the situation reflects the relation between the water content and the changes in the weakness center.