ABSTRACT Returning agricultural waste/by-products to the field is an effective management measure to improve soil fertility and maintain crop productivity in agroecosystems. However, we still have limited understanding of the complex response of sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) growth, soil nutrients and microbial communities to the long-term sisal residue return to the ecological system. This study aimed to investigate the comprehensive effects of returning sisal residue to the field on sisal yield, soil nutrient, and microbial community. Based on a four-year field experiment, the results showed that returning sisal residue to the field increased the annual yield of sisal by 30.77–33.36%. Compared with control group, sisal residue inputs significantly improved soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 46.59, 3.02, and 1.21%, respectively. Under sisal residue input condition, the activities of soil catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase also significantly increased by 2.01, 17.20, 17.40 and 16.60%, respectively. A higher ratio of bacteria/fungi was observed in the soil amended with sisal residue. The microbial diversity analysis showed that the α-diversity of the bacterial community increased, while the α-diversity of the fungal community decreased with the sisal residue treatment. However, sisal residue return had a higher impact on the α-diversity of fungi. This study provides evidence that returning sisal residue to the field affects sisal productivity by regulating nutrient cycling and soil microbial community. Moreover, the study suggests that microbial α-diversity has significant influence on sisal yield. waste/byproducts wastebyproducts waste/by products waste agroecosystems However Agave Perrine growth longterm long term system fouryear four year experiment 30773336 30 77 33 36 30.77–33.36% group nitrogen phosphorus 4659 46 59 46.59 302 3 02 3.02 121 1 21 1.21% respectively condition catalase urease phosphatase 201 2 01 2.01 1720 17 20 17.20 1740 40 17.4 1660 16 60 16.60% bacteriafungi bacteria fungi αdiversity α treatment Moreover byproducts wasteby 3077333 7 30.77–33.36 465 4 5 46.5 0 3.0 12 1.21 2.0 172 17.2 174 17. 166 6 16.60 307733 30.77–33.3 46. 3. 1.2 2. 16.6 30773 30.77–33. 1. 16. 3077 30.77–33 307 30.77–3 30.77– 30.77 30.7 30.

ABSTRACT Objective: MCM3AP-AS1 has been characterized as an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in several cancers including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but its role in PTC has not been fully elucidated. Considering the critical role of lncRNAs in cancer biology, further functional analysis of MCM3AP-AS1 in PTC may provide novel insights into PTC management. Subjects and methods: Paired tumor and non-tumor tissues were collected from 63 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. Expression levels of MCM3AP-AS1 , miR-218 and GLUT1 in tissue samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell transfection was performed to explore the interactions among MCM3AP-AS1 , miR-218 and GLUT1 . Cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate the effects of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-218 on cell proliferation. Results: MCM3AP-AS1 accumulated to high levels in PTC tissues and was affected by clinical stage. MCM3AP-AS1 showed a positive correlation with GLUT1 across PTC tissues. RNA interaction prediction showed that MCM3AP-AS1 could bind to miR-218 , which can directly target GLUT1 . MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-218 showed no regulatory role regulating the expression of each other, but overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 upregulated GLUT1 and enhanced cell proliferation. In contrast, overexpression of miR-218 downregulated GLUT1 and attenuated cell proliferation. In addition, miR-218 suppressed the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in regulating the expression of GLUT1 and cell proliferation. Conclusions: MCM3AP-AS1 may serve as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-218 to upregulate GLUT1 in PTC, thereby promoting cell proliferation. The MCM3AP-AS1/miR-218/GLUT1 pathway characterized in the present study might serve as a potential target to treat PTC. Objective MCM3APAS1 MCMAPAS MCM3AP AS1 MCM AP AS MCM3AP-AS noncoding non coding lncRNA (lncRNA elucidated biology management methods nontumor 6 (PTC patients miR218 miR 218 miR-21 GLUT qRTPCR. qRTPCR qRT PCR. PCR qRT-PCR Results stage other contrast addition Conclusions MCM3APAS1/miR218/GLUT1 MCM3APAS1miR218GLUT1 MCMAPASmiRGLUT AS1/miR 218/GLUT1 MCM3AP-AS1/miR-218/GLUT APAS MCM3APAS MCMAP miR21 21 miR-2 MCM3APAS1/miR218/GLUT MCM3APAS1miR218GLUT AS1miR ASmiR 218GLUT1 218/GLUT miR2 2 miR- 218GLUT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal disease with a strong genetic contribution. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the formation of this aneurysm. Although previous studies suggested that long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) hypoxia inducible factor 1 α-antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) exerted a vital role in the progression and pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm, we managed to find a new regulatory mechanism of HIF1A-AS1 in VSMCs via transcriptomics. Methods: Cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Transwell migration assay and wound healing assay were performed to check the migration ability of HIF1A-AS1 on VSMCs. The NextSeq XTen system (Illumina) was used to collect RNA sequencing data. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the veracity and reliability of RNA-sequencing results. Results: We observed that overexpressing HIF1A-AS1 successfully promoted apoptosis, significantly altered cell cycle distribution, and greatly attenuated migration in VSMCs, further highlighting the robust promoting effects of HIF1A-AS1 to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Moreover, transcriptomics was implemented to uncover its underlying mechanism. A total of 175 differently expressed genes were identified, with some of them enriched in apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle-related pathways. Intriguingly, some differently expressed genes were noted in vascular development or coagulation function pathways. Conclusion: We suggest that HIF1A-AS1 mediated the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm by not only regulating the function of VSMCs, but also altering vascular development or coagulation function. Introduction contribution (VSMCs noncoding non coding (RNA αantisense α antisense HIF1AAS1 HIFAAS HIF1A AS1 HIF AS (HIF1A-AS1 HIF1A-AS Methods kit8 kit 8 kit- Vfluorescein V fluorescein isothiocyanatepropidium isothiocyanate propidium staining Illumina (Illumina data Lastly transcriptionquantitative transcription quantitative RNAsequencing results Results distribution Moreover 17 identified cyclerelated related pathways Intriguingly Conclusion AAS HIF1AAS HIFA (HIF1A-AS

RESUMEN Introducción: La citoquina eritropoyetina (EPO), se conoce como una hormona crucial para la producción de glóbulos rojos, que transportan la sangre oxigenada al resto del cuerpo. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear una detección electroquímica basada en nanopartículas de Fe2O3-NiO y óxido de grafeno para medir los niveles de EPO en la sangre de los deportistas. Métodos: Sobre un electrodo de carbono vítreo, se sintetizó Fe2O3-NiO@GO mediante el método de deposición electroquímica. Resultados: El Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE fue validado por caracterizaciones estructurales mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE resultó ser un biosensor de eritropoyetina adecuado y estable con un rango lineal de 0-500 ng/l y un límite de detección de 0,03ng/l en ensayos electroquímicos mediante la técnica DPV. Se investigó el uso de Fe2O3-NiO@GO/extropoietina como biosensor de eritropoyetina en el plasma de atletas. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que los valores obtenidos para la recuperación (94,56% a 98,40) y la RSD (2,01% a 3,22%) fueron aceptables, lo que indica que la técnica sugerida puede ser utilizada como un biosensor práctico de eritropoyetina en muestras de sangre. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento. Introducción EPO, , (EPO) rojos cuerpo Objetivos Fe2O3NiO FeONiO Fe2O3 NiO Fe O deportistas Métodos vítreo Fe2O3NiO@GO Fe2O3NiOGO FeONiOGO NiO@GO GO Resultados Fe2O3NiO@GO/GCE Fe2O3NiOGOGCE FeONiOGOGCE NiO@GO/GCE GCE SEM. SEM . (SEM) 0500 0 500 0-50 ngl ng l 003ngl 03ng DPV Fe2O3NiO@GO/extropoietina Fe2O3NiOGOextropoietina FeONiOGOextropoietina NiO@GO/extropoietina extropoietina atletas Conclusión 94,56% 9456 94 56 (94,56 98,40 9840 98 40 2,01% 201 2 01 (2,01 3,22% 322 3 22 aceptables II tratamiento (EPO FeO Fe2O NiOGO NiOGOGCE (SEM 050 50 0-5 NiOGOextropoietina 94,56 945 9 5 (94,5 98,4 984 4 2,01 20 (2,0 3,22 32 05 0- 94,5 (94, 98, 2,0 (2, 3,2 94, (94 2, (2 3, (9 (

RESUMO Introdução: A citocina eritropoietina (EPO), é referida como um hormônio crucial para a produção de hemácias, que transportam o sangue oxigenado para o resto dos corpos. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar uma detecção eletroquímica baseada em nanopartículas de Fe2O3-NiO e óxido de grafeno para medir os níveis de EPO no sangue dos atletas. Métodos: Em um eletrodo de carbono vítreo, o Fe2O3-NiO@GO foi sintetizado usando o método de deposição eletroquímica. Resultados: O Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE foi validado por caracterizações estruturais utilizando microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM). O Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE foi considerado um biosensor eritropoietina adequado e estável com uma faixa linear de 0-500 ng/l e um limite de detecção de 0,03ng/l em testes eletroquímicos utilizando a técnica DPV. O Fe2O3-NiO@GO/extropoietina foi investigado como um biosensor de eritropoietina no plasma do atleta. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que os valores obtidos para recuperação (94,56% a 98,40) e RSD (2,01% a 3,22%) foram aceitáveis, indicando que a técnica sugerida pode ser usada como um prático biosensor de eritropoietina em amostras de sangue. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento. Introdução EPO, , (EPO) hemácias corpos Objetivos Fe2O3NiO FeONiO Fe2O3 NiO Fe atletas Métodos vítreo Fe2O3NiO@GO Fe2O3NiOGO FeONiOGO NiO@GO GO Resultados Fe2O3NiO@GO/GCE Fe2O3NiOGOGCE FeONiOGOGCE NiO@GO/GCE GCE SEM. SEM . (SEM) 0500 0 500 0-50 ngl ng l 003ngl 03ng DPV Fe2O3NiO@GO/extropoietina Fe2O3NiOGOextropoietina FeONiOGOextropoietina NiO@GO/extropoietina extropoietina atleta Conclusão 94,56% 9456 94 56 (94,56 98,40 9840 98 40 2,01% 201 2 01 (2,01 3,22% 322 3 22 aceitáveis II tratamento (EPO FeO Fe2O NiOGO NiOGOGCE (SEM 050 50 0-5 NiOGOextropoietina 94,56 945 9 5 (94,5 98,4 984 4 2,01 20 (2,0 3,22 32 05 0- 94,5 (94, 98, 2,0 (2, 3,2 94, (94 2, (2 3, (9 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) is a crucial hormone for producing RBCs, which carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Objective: This paper aimed to create an electrochemical detection based on Fe2O3-NiO nanoparticles and graphene oxide to measure EPO levels in athletes’ blood. Methods: On a glassy carbon electrode, Fe2O3-NiO@GO was synthesized using the electrochemical deposition method. Results: The Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE was validated by structural characterizations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fe2O3-NiO@GO/GCE was found to be a suitable and stable erythropoietin biosensor with a linear range of 0-500 ng/l and a detection limit of 0.03ng/l in electrochemical tests using the DPV technique. Fe2O3-NiO@GO/erythropoietin was investigated as a biosensor for erythropoietin in athlete's plasma. Conclusion: The results showed that the values obtained for recovery (94.56% to 98.40) and RSD (2.01% to 3.22%) were acceptable, indicating that the suggested technique can be used as a practical erythropoietin biosensor in blood samples. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes. Introduction (EPO RBCs body Objective Fe2O3NiO FeONiO Fe2O3 NiO Fe O athletes Methods electrode Fe2O3NiO@GO Fe2O3NiOGO FeONiOGO NiO@GO GO method Results Fe2O3NiO@GO/GCE Fe2O3NiOGOGCE FeONiOGOGCE NiO@GO/GCE GCE SEM. SEM . (SEM) 0500 0 500 0-50 ngl ng l 003ngl 03ng Fe2O3NiO@GO/erythropoietin Fe2O3NiOGOerythropoietin FeONiOGOerythropoietin NiO@GO/erythropoietin athlete s plasma Conclusion 94.56% 9456 94 56 (94.56 98.40 9840 98 40 2.01% 201 2 01 (2.01 3.22% 322 3 22 acceptable samples II outcomes FeO Fe2O NiOGO NiOGOGCE (SEM 050 50 0-5 NiOGOerythropoietin 94.56 945 9 5 (94.5 98.4 984 4 2.01 20 (2.0 3.22 32 05 0- 94.5 (94. 98. 2.0 (2. 3.2 94. (94 2. (2 3. (9 (

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos Diversas complicações das vias aéreas podem ocorrer durante a artroscopia do ombro, incluindo obstrução das vias aéreas, punção pleural e enfisema subcutâneo. Levantou‐se a hipótese de que o fluido de irrigação utilizado durante artroscopia do ombro possa aumentar a pressão do balonete do tubo endotraqueal, podendo causar edema e lesão isquêmica na mucosa traqueal. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre o fluido de irrigação e a pressão do balonete do tubo endotraqueal. Métodos Participaram do estudo 40 pacientes com idades entre 20 e 70 anos com classificação do estado físico I ou II da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), programados para cirurgia artroscópica do ombro, eletiva e sob anestesia geral. Registramos as pressões do balonete do tubo endotraqueal e as circunferências do pescoço a cada hora, a partir do início da cirurgia. Também registramos a duração anestésica e cirúrgica, assim como o volume total de líquido de irrigação empregado. Resultados Foi encontrada correlação positiva entre a pressão do balonete do tubo endotraqueal e a quantidade de líquido de irrigação (r = 0,385; 95% IC 0,084 a 0,62; p = 0,0141). A pressão do balonete do tubo endotraqueal registrou aumento significante 2 e 3 horas após o início da cirurgia (p = 0,0368 e p = 0,0245, respectivamente). No entanto, a circunferência do pescoço não mostrou diferença significante. Conclusões As pressões do balonete do tubo endotraqueal aumentaram com o tempo de cirurgia e com o aumento do volume de líquido de irrigação utilizado em pacientes submetidos a artroscopia do ombro. Recomendamos a monitorização rigorosa da pressão do balonete do tubo endotraqueal durante artroscopia do ombro, especialmente nos procedimentos longos em que grandes volumes de fluido de irrigação são empregados, para evitar complicações causadas por pressões elevadas do balonete.

Abstract Background and objectives Several airway complications can occur during shoulder arthroscopy including airway obstruction, pleural puncture, and subcutaneous emphysema. It was hypothesized that the irrigation fluid used during a shoulder arthroscopic procedure might increase the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube, which can cause edema and ischemic damage to the endotracheal mucosa. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between irrigation fluid and endotracheal tube cuff pressures. Methods Forty patients aged 20 to 70 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I or II, scheduled for elective arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia, participated in our study. We recorded endotracheal tube cuff pressures and neck circumferences every hour from the start of the operation. We also recorded the total duration of the anesthesia, operation, and the total volume of fluid used for irrigation. Results A positive correlation was shown between endotracheal tube cuff pressures and the amount of irrigation fluid (r = 0.385, 95% CI 0.084 to 0.62, p = 0.0141). The endotracheal tube cuff pressure significantly increased at 2 and 3 hours after starting the operation (p = 0.0368 and p = 0.0245, respectively). However, neck circumference showed no significant difference. Conclusions Endotracheal tube cuff pressures increased with operation time and with increased volumes of irrigation fluid used in patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy. We recommend close monitoring of endotracheal tube cuff pressures during shoulder arthroscopy, especially during long operations using a large amount of irrigation fluid, to prevent complications caused by raised cuff pressures.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a expressão diferencial das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica, curta e longa, e discernir suas implicações biológicas na gastroenterite eosinofílica. Métodos: Avaliamos a expressão das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica e suas duas isoformas através da técnica RT-PCR quantitativa em tecidos de controles saudáveis (n = 24) e pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (n = 17). Resultados: Demonstramos que o RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica estava significativamente reduzido na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles saudáveis (p < 0,0001). Também descobrimos uma quantidade significativamente menor de RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica curta na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles (p < 0,05) e uma quantidade significativamente maior de RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica longa na gastroenterite eosinofílica em comparação com os controles (p < 0,05). O pico da contagem eosinofílica está correlacionado positiva e significativamente com a expressão do RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica longa na mucosa gastrointestinal de pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (rs = 0,623, p < 0,005), enquanto o pico de contagem eosinofílica está negativa e significativamente correlacionado com a expressão do RNAm das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica curta na mucosa gastrointestinal de pacientes com gastroenterite eosinofílica (rs = -0,4474, p < 0,05). Conclusões: A expressão anormal das isoformas da linfopoietina estromal tímica na mucosa pode contribuir para o dano da mucosa gastrointestinal na gastroenterite eosinofílica.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the differential expression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms, short and long, and discern their biological implications under eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Methods: The expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and its two isoforms in tissues was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR in healthy controls (n = 24) and patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (n = 17). Results: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was significantly reduced in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with healthy controls (p < 0.0001). A significantly lower amount of short thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was observed in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with controls (p < 0.05), while a significantly higher amount of long thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA was observed in eosinophilic gastroenteritis when compared with controls (p < 0.05). Peak eosinophilic count is significantly positively correlated with the expression of long thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA in the gastrointestinal mucosal of patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (r s = 0.623, p < 0.005), while peak eosinophilic count is significantly negatively correlated with the expression of short thymic stromal lymphopoietin mRNA in the gastrointestinal mucosal of patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis (r s = −0.4474, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Abnormal mucosal thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression may contribute to gastrointestinal mucosa damage in eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

This study investigated the effects of tidal volume (TV) on the diagnostic value of pulse pressure variation (PPV) and the inferior vena cava dispensability index (IVC-DI) for volume responsiveness during mechanical ventilation. In patients undergoing elective surgery with mechanical ventilation, different TVs of 6, 9, and 12 mL/kg were given for two min. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (VTI) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The IVC-DI was measured at sub-xyphoid transabdominal long axis. The PPV was measured via the radial artery and served as baseline. Index measurements were repeated after fluid challenge. VTI increased by more than 15% after fluid challenge, which was considered as volume responsive. Seventy-nine patients were enrolled, 38 of whom were considered positive volume responsive. Baseline data between the response group and the non-response group were similar. Receiver operating characteristic curve confirmed PPV accuracy in diagnosing an increase in volume responsiveness with increased TV. When TV was 12 mL/kg, the PPV area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 and the threshold value was 15.5%. IVC-DI had the highest diagnostic accuracy at a TV of 9 mL/kg and an AUC of 0.79, with a threshold value of 15.3%. When TV increased to 12 mL/kg, the IVC-DI value decreased. When the TV was 9 and 12 mL/kg, PPV showed improved performance in diagnosing volume responsiveness than did IVC-DI. PPV diagnostic accuracy in mechanically ventilated patients was higher than IVC-DI. PPV accuracy in predicting volume responsiveness was increased by increasing TV.

Abstract Objective To explore the precise mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) to delay cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease. Methods N -Acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu) and myoinositol (mI) metabolism were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, learning and memory of APP/PS1 mouse was evaluated by the Morris water maze test and the step-down avoidance test, neuron survival number and neuronal structure in the hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining, and BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB detected by Western blot. Results EA at DU20 acupuncture significantly improve learning and memory in behavioral tests, up-regulate NAA, Glu and mI metabolism, increase the surviving neurons in hippocampus, and promote the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Conclusion These findings suggested that EA is a potential therapeutic for ameliorate cognitive dysfunction, and it might be due to EA could improve NAA and Glu metabolism by upregulation of BDNF in APP/PS1 mice.

Among the novel class of endogenous long non-coding RNAs, circular RNA (circRNA) is known as a key regulator in the development and progression of different cancers. Its function and mechanism in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer, however, has not been well studied. This study thus aimed to investigate potential regulation of colorectal cancer by circRNAs and the corresponding regulatory mechanism. We demonstrated that the expression of circRNA hsa_circ_0000523 (also known as circ_006229) was down-regulated in different colorectal cancer cell lines. It was also found that interference of hsa_circ_0000523 induced proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells, the proliferation rate of which was reduced by the overexpression of hsa_circ_0000523. In addition, we found that miR-31 could recognize hsa_circ_0000523 sequence and that it acted as a “sponge” of miR-31, indirectly regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which was involved in the progression of colorectal cancer. The results suggested that the expression of hsa_circ_0000523 correlated to the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells. In addition, as a sponge of miR-31, the low level of hsa_circ_0000523 led to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inducing the subsequent progress of colorectal cancer.

Background: The effect of diverse oxygen transfer coefficient on the L-erythrulose production from meso-erythritol by a newly isolated strain, Gluconobacter kondonii CGMCC8391 was investigated. In order to elucidate the effects of volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K La) on the fermentations, baffled and unbaffled flask cultures, and fed-batch cultures were developed in present work. Results: With the increase of the K La value in the fed-batch culture, L-erythrulose concentration, productivity and yield were significantly improved, while cell growth was not the best in the high K La. Thus, a two-stage oxygen supply control strategy was proposed, aimed at achieving high concentration and high productivity of L-erythrulose. During the first 12 h, Klawas controlled at 40.28 h-1 to obtain high value for cell growth, subsequently K La was controlled at 86.31 h-1 to allow for high L-erythrulose accumulation. Conclusions: Under optimal conditions, the L-erythrulose concentration, productivity, yield and DCW reached 207.9 ± 7.78 g/L, 6.50 g/L/h, 0.94 g/g, 2.68 ± 0.17 g/L, respectively. At the end of fermentation, the L-erythrulose concentration and productivity were higher than those in the previous similar reports.

ABSTRACT The fruit of the Prunus mume (Siebold) Siebold & Zucc., Rosaceae (Korean name: Maesil) has long been used as a health food or valuable medicinal material in traditional herb medicine in Southeast Asian countries. In this study, we determined the potential therapeutic efficacy of the ethanol extract of P. mume fruits (EEPM) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the murine skeletal muscle myoblast cell line C2C12, and sought to understand the associated molecular mechanisms. The results indicated that exposure of C2C12 cells to H2O2 caused a reduction in cell viability by increasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and by disrupting mitochondrial membrane permeability, leading to DNA damage and apoptosis. However, pretreatment of the cells with EEPM before H2O2 exposure effectively attenuated these changes, suggesting that EEPM prevented H2O2-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, the increased ex-pression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a phase II antioxidant enzyme, were detected in EEPM-treated C2C12 cells. We also found that zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, attenuated the protective effects of EEPM against H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation and cytotoxicity. Therefore, these results indicate that the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway might be involved in the protection of EEPM against H2O2-induced cellular oxidative damage. In conclusion, these results show that EEPM contributes to the prevention of oxidative damage and could be used as a nutritional agent for oxidative stress-related diseases.

抽象是在全文可

абстрактный доступен в Полный текст

Résumé Objectif Étudier le rapport coût-efficacité d'un programme global de lutte contre la tuberculose pharmacorésistante lancé en 2011 dans quatre régions chinoises. Méthodes En 2011-2012, nous avons analysé les dossiers de 172 patients atteints de tuberculose pharmacorésistante qui s'étaient inscrits à ce programme global et nous avons collecté des données administratives pertinentes auprès de différents hôpitaux et de l'agence de santé publique chinoise. À titre de comparaison, nous avons examiné une cohorte de 81 patients soignés pour une tuberculose pharmacorésistante entre 2006 et 2009. Nous avons réalisé une analyse coût-efficacité, sur le plan sociétal, qui incluait une incertitude probabiliste. Nous avons mesuré les résultats du traitement précoce en fonction de résultats de culture sur trois mois et modélisé les résultats à long terme pour faciliter l'estimation du coût du programme global par année de vie corrigée du facteur incapacité (AVCI) évitée. Résultats Le programme global coûte 8837 dollars des États-Unis (US$) par patient soigné. Le faible taux d'inscription signifiait que certains coûts fixes par patient étaient plus importants que prévu. Bien que ce programme global se soit révélé 30 fois plus cher que le précédent, il a débouché sur des avantages accrus en matière de santé. Le programme global, qui coûte 639 US$ (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %: 112 à 1322) par AVCI évitée, satisfait au critère de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé définissant une intervention très rentable. Conclusion Le programme global, qui incluait un dépistage rapide, des soins standardisés et une protection financière, a amélioré les résultats des patients atteints de tuberculose multirésistante en limitant les dépenses. Afin de soutenir les objectifs mondiaux pour l'après-2015 en matière de santé, le programme global devrait être élargi aux non-résidents et à d'autres régions de Chine.

Abstract Objective To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011. Methods In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006−2009. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis, from a societal perspective, that included probabilistic uncertainty. We measured early treatment outcomes based on three-month culture results and modelled longer-term outcomes to facilitate estimation of the comprehensive programme's cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Findings The comprehensive programme cost 8837 United States dollars (US$) per patient treated. Low enrolment rates meant that some fixed costs were higher, per patient, than expected. Although the comprehensive programme appeared 30 times more costly than the previous one, it resulted in greater health benefits. The comprehensive programme, which cost US$ 639 (95% credible interval: 112 to 1322) per DALY averted, satisfied the World Health Organization's criterion for a very cost-effective intervention. Conclusion The comprehensive programme, which included rapid screening, standardized care and financial protection, improved individual outcomes for MDR tuberculosis in a cost-effective manner. To support post-2015 global heath targets, the comprehensive programme should be expanded to non-residents and other areas of China.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar la costoeficacia de un programa integral para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente lanzado en cuatro localizaciones de China en 2011. Métodos En 2011-2012, se revisaron los informes de 172 pacientes con tuberculosis farmacorresistente que se habían inscrito en el programa integral y se recogieron datos administrativos relevantes de hospitales y la agencia de salud pública de China. Como término de comparación, se examinó un cohorte de 81 pacientes que habían sido tratados para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente en 2006−2009. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de costoeficacia desde una perspectiva societaria que incluía la incertidumbre probabilística. Se midieron los resultados de los tratamientos tempranos basados en los resultados de un cultivo de tres meses y se modelaron resultados a largo plazo para facilitar la estimación del coste del programa integral de años de vida en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) evitada. Resultados El programa integral costó 8.837 dólares estadounidenses (USD) por paciente tratado. Las bajas tasas de inscripción significaban que algunos de los costes fijos eran mayores por paciente que lo esperado. A pesar de que el programa integral parecía 30 veces más costoso que el anterior, tuvo como resultado unos mejores beneficios para la salud. El programa integral, que costó 639 USD (intervalo de credibilidad del 95%: de 112 a 1.322) por AVAD evitado, satisfizo el criterio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en cuanto a intervenciones muy costoefectivas. Conclusión El programa integral, que incluía un examen rápido, cuidados estándar y protección financiera, mejoró los resultados individuales de la tuberculosis multirresistente (MR) de una manera costoefectiva. Para apoyar los objetivos de salud globales posteriores a 2015, el programa integral debería expandirse a no residentes y otras áreas de China.

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) image security system combines the use of the smart pixel mapping (SPM) algorithm and the Fibonacci transformation technique is proposed. In order to reconstruct orthoscopic 3D images with improved image quality, a smart pixel mapping process is adopted. Based on the SPM-based computational integral imaging (CII) system, the depth-converted elemental image array (EIA) is obtained for increasing the quality of the reconstructed image. In the encryption process, the depth-converted EIA is scrambled by the Fibonacci transformation (FT) algorithm. Meanwhile, the computational integral imaging reconstruction (CIIR) technique is used to reconstruct the 3D image in the image reconstruction process. Compared with conventional CII-based 3D image encryption methods, the proposed method enable us to reconstruct high-resolution orthoscopic 3D images at long distance. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, some numerical experiments are made to test the validity and the capability of the proposed 3D image security system.

BACKGROUND: The root of Angelica sinensis (AS), also known as "Dang-gui," was a popular herbal medicine widely used in the treatment of gynecological diseases in China, Korea, and Japan for a long time. This study aimed to determine the effects of ethyl acetate fraction from Angelica sinensis (EAAS) on the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase (COX) 2, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), involved in articular bone and cartilage destruction, by RASFs. RESULTS: RASF proliferation was evaluated with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) reagent in the presence of IL-1β with/without EAAS. Expression of MMPs, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), COXs, PGE2, and intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules, including p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, and NF-κB, were examined using immunoblotting or semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EAAS inhibited IL-1β-induced RASF proliferation; MMP-1, MMP-3, and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions; and PGE2 production. EAAS also inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, p38, and JNK, and activation of NF-κB by IL-1β. CONCLUSION: EAAS might be a new therapeutic modality for rheumatoid arthritis management.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing pre- and post-harvest diseases in at least 235 plant species. It manifests extraordinary genotype and phenotype variation. One of the causes of this variation is transposable elements. Two transposable elements have been discovered in this fungus, the retrotransposon (Boty), and the transposon (Flipper). In this work, two complete (Boty-II-76 and Boty-II-103) and two partial (Boty-II-95 and Boty-II-141) long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were identified by an in silico genomic sequence analysis. Boty-II-76 and Boty-II-103 contain 6439 bp nucleotides with a pair of LTRs at both ends, and an internal deduced pol gene encoding a polyprotein with reverse transcriptase and DDE integrase domains. They are flanked by 5 bp direct repeats (ACCAT, CTTTC). In Boty-II-141, two LTRs at both ends, and a partial internal pol gene encoding a protein with a DDE integrase domain were identified. In Boty-II-95, a right LTR and a partial internal pol gene encoding a protein with no conserved domains were identified. Boty-II uses a self-priming mechanism to initiate synthesis of reverse transcripts. The sequence of the presumed primer binding site for first-strand reverse transcription is 5’-TTGTACCAT-3’. The polypurine-rich sequence for plus-strand DNA synthesis is 5’-GCCTTGAGCGGGGGGTAC-3’. Fourteen Boty-II LTRs that contain 125-158 bp nucleotides and share 69.1 ~ 100% identities with the short inverted terminal repeats of 5 bp (TGTCA…TGACA) were discovered. Analysis of structural features and phylogeny revealed that Boty-II is a novel LTR retrotransposon. It could potentially be used as a novel molecular marker for the investigation of genetic variation in B. cinerea.